Creating a Database

Copyright © 2023, Punjab University. All rights reserved.

 Objectives

After completing this lesson, you should be able to do the

following:
• Understand the prerequisites necessary for database
creation
• Create a database using Oracle Database Configuration
Assistant
• Create a database manually
• Create a database using Oracle Managed Files

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 Managing and Organizing a Database

• Planning for your database is the first step in managing

a database system
– Define the purpose of the database
– Define the type of the database
– Outline a database architectural design
– Choose the database name
• Create your database
• Oracle Data Migration Assistant is used to migrate
from an earlier version of the database

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 Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA)

• Oracle’s recommended standard database architecture

layout
• OFA involves three major rules:
– Establish a directory structure where any database file
can be stored on any disk resource.
– Separate objects with different behavior into different
tablespaces.
– Maximize database reliability and performance by
separating database components across different disk
resources.

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 Oracle Software and File Locations

Software Files
oracle_base
oradata/
/product db01/
/release_number system01.dbf
/bin control01.ctl
/dbs redo0101.log
/rdbms ...
/sqlplus
db02/
system01.dbf
/admin
control01.ctl
/inst_name redo0101.log
...
/pfile

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 Creation Prerequisites

To create a new database, you must have the following:

• A privileged account authenticated by one of the
following:
– Operating system
– Password file
• Sufficient memory to start the instance
• Sufficient disk space for the planned database

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 Authentication Methods
for Database Administrators

Remote database Local database

administration administration

Yes Yes
Do you Do you want
to use OS Use OS
have a secure
authentication? authentication
connection?

No No
Use a
password file

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 Using Password File Authentication

• Create the password file using the password utility

$ orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwU15
password=admin entries=5
• Set REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE in
initialization parameter file
• Add users to the password file
• Assign appropriate privileges to each
GRANT SYSDBA TO HR;

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 Creating a Database

An Oracle database can be created by:

1. Oracle Universal Installer
2. Oracle Database Configuration Assistant DBCA
– Graphical user interface
– Java-based
– Launched by the Oracle Universal Installer
– Can be used as a standalone
3. The CREATE DATABASE command

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 Operating System Environment

Set the following environment variables:

• ORACLE_BASE
• ORACLE_HOME
• ORACLE_SID
• ORA_NLS33
• PATH
• LD_LIBRARY_PATH

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 Database Configuration Assistant

The Database Configuration Assistant allows you to:

• Create a database
• Configure database options
• Delete a database
• Manage templates
– Create new template using pre-defined template
settings
– Create new template from an existing database
– Delete database template

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 Create a Database Using Database
Configuration Assistant

• Select type of database to be created from predefined

templates
• Specify global database name and SID
• Select features to use in your database
• Identify any scripts to be run after database creation
• Select mode you want the database to operate in

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 Create a Database Using Database
Configuration Assistant

• Specify options for memory, archiving, database sizing,

and file locations
• Define database storage parameters
• Change file location variables as needed
• Select a database creation option to complete database
creation

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 Creating a Database Manually

• Choose a unique instance and database name.

• Choose a database character set.
• Set operating system variables.
• Create the initialization parameter file.
• Start the instance in NOMOUNT stage.
• Create and execute the CREATE DATABASE command.
• Open the database.
• Run scripts to generate the data dictionary and
accomplish post creation steps.
• Create additional tablespaces as needed.

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 Creating the Database

CREATE DATABASE user01

LOGFILE
GROUP 1 ('/$HOME/ORADATA/u01/redo01.log') SIZE 100M,
GROUP 2 ('/$HOME/ORADATA/u02/redo02.log') SIZE 100M,
GROUP 3 ('/$HOME/ORADATA/u03/redo03.log') SIZE 100M
MAXLOGFILES 5
MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
MAXLOGHISTORY 1
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 1
DATAFILE '/$HOME/ORADATA/u01/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M
UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs
DATAFILE '/$HOME/ORADATA/u02/undotbs01.dbf' SIZE 200M
AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 5120K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp
CHARACTER SET US7ASCII
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
SET TIME_ZONE= 'America/New_York'

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 Creating a Database Using
Oracle Managed Files (OMF)

• Using OMF simplifies file administration on the operating

system
• OMF are created and deleted by the Oracle server as
directed by SQL commands
• OMF are established by setting two parameters:
– DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST: Set to give the default location
for datafiles
– DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_N: Set to give the
default locations for online redo logs and control files
• Maximum of five locations

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 Creating a Database Using
Oracle Managed Files (OMF)

• Define the OMF parameters in the initialization

parameter file. Example:
– DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST=/$HOME/ORADATA/u05
– DB_CREATE_ONLINE_DEST_1=/$HOME/ORADATA/u01
– DB_CREATE_ONLINE_DEST_2=/$HOME/ORADATA/u02
• CREATE DATABASE command is simplified:

@cddba01.sql
> CREATE DATABASE dba01;

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 Troubleshooting

Creation of the database fails if:

• There are syntax errors in the SQL script
• Files that should be created already exist
• Operating system errors such as file or directory
permission or insufficient space errors occur

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 After Database Creation

The database contains:

• Datafiles, control files, and redo log files
• User SYS with the password change_on_install
• User SYSTEM with the password manager
• Internal tables (but no data dictionary views)

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 Summary

In this lesson, you should have learned to:

• Identify the prerequisites for creating a database
• Create a database using the Oracle Database
Configuration Assistant
• Create a database manually
• Create a database using Oracle Managed Files

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 Practice 4 Overview

• This lesson provides two specific ways to creating a

database:
– Use the Database Configuration Assistant to create a
database using graphical steps. Launched by:
Start > Programs > Oracle-OraHome90 >
Configuration and Migration Tools.
– Appendix A provides a step by step guide for creating
a database manually on a UNIX system.
• Review the steps, and optionally create a database
manually or by using the Database Configuration
Assistant.

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