CSEC Mathematics

January 2010 – Paper 2

Solutions
 SECTION I

Answer ALL questions in this section.

All working must be clearly shown.

1. (a) Using a calculator, or otherwise, calculate the exact value of

2.76
+ 8.72 [3]
0.8

Using a calculator,
2.76
+ 8.72 = 3.45 + 75.69
0.8

2.76
+ 8.72 = 79.14
0.8

(b) In a certain company, a salesman is paid a fixed salary of $3 140 per month

plus an annual commission of 2% on the TOTAL value of cars sold for the

year. If the salesman sold cars valued at $720 000 in 2009, calculate

(i) his fixed salary for the year [1]

Fixed salary for the year = Monthly salary × 12

Fixed salary for the year = $3140 × 12

Fixed salary for the year = $37 680

(ii) the amount he received in commission for the year [1]

Amount in commission = 2% of $720 000

2
Amount in commission = 100 × $720 000

Amount in commission = $14 400

 (iii) his TOTAL income for the year [1]

Total income = Fixed salary + Amount earned in commission

Total income = $37 680 + $14 400

Total income = $52 080

∴ His total income for the year is $52 080.

(c) The ingredients for making pancakes are shown in the diagram below.

Ingredients for making 8 pancakes

2 cups pancake mix

i 𝟏
𝟏 𝟑 cups milk

(i) Ryan wishes to make 12 pancakes using the instructions given above.

Calculate the number of cups of pancake mix he must use. [2]

We are given that 8 pancakes are produced from using 2 cups of mix.

So, we have,
 8 pancakes = 2 cups of mix
2
1 pancake = 8 cups of mix

2
12 pancakes = 12 × 8

12 pancakes = 3 cups of mix

∴ He must use 3 cups of pancake mix.

(ii) Neisha used 5 cups of milk to make pancakes using the same

instructions. How many pancakes did she make? [3]

1
We are given that 1 3 cups of milk produce 8 pancakes.

So, we have,
1
1 3 cups of milk = 8 pancakes

8
1 cup of milk = 1
1
3

1 cup of milk = 6 pancakes

5 cups of milk = 5 × 6

5 cups of milk = 30 pancakes

∴ Neisha made 30 pancakes.

Total: 11 marks
2. (a) Given that 𝑎 = 6, 𝑏 = −4 and 𝑐 = 8, calculate the value of [3]

𝑎2 +𝑏
𝑐−𝑏

We are given that 𝑎 = 6, 𝑏 = −4 and 𝑐 = 8.

𝑎2 +𝑏 (6)2 +(−4)
= (8)−(−4)
𝑐−𝑏

𝑎2 +𝑏 36−4
=
𝑐−𝑏 8+4

𝑎2 +𝑏 32
= 12
𝑐−𝑏

𝑎2 +𝑏 8
=3
𝑐−𝑏

(b) Simplify the expression:

(i) 3(𝑥 − 𝑦) + 4(𝑥 + 2𝑦) [2]

= 3(𝑥 − 𝑦) + 4(𝑥 + 2𝑦)

= 3𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 4𝑥 + 8𝑦

= 7𝑥 + 5𝑦

4𝑥 2 × 3𝑥 4
(ii) [3]
6𝑥 3

4𝑥 2 × 3𝑥4
= 6𝑥 3

12𝑥 6
= 6𝑥 3

= 2𝑥 3
(c) (i) Solve the inequality

𝑥 − 3 < 3𝑥 − 7 [3]

𝑥 − 3 < 3𝑥 − 7

7 − 3 < 3𝑥 − 𝑥

4 < 2𝑥

2𝑥 > 4
4
𝑥>2

𝑥>2

(ii) If 𝑥 is an integer, determine the SMALLEST value of 𝑥 that satisfies the

inequality in (c)(i) above. [1]

𝑥 > 2 and 𝑥 ∈ ℤ.

ℤ = {… − 3, −2, −2, 0, 1, 2, 3, … }

∴ The smallest integer that satisfies the inequality is 𝑥 = 3.

Total: 12 marks
3. (a) 𝑇 and 𝐸 are subsets of a universal set, 𝑈, such that:

𝑈 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}

𝑇 = {multiples of 3}

𝐸 = {even numbers}

(i) Draw a Venn diagram to represent this information. [4]

𝑈 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}

𝑇 = {𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 3}

𝑇 = {3, 6, 9, 12}

𝐸 = {𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠}

𝐸 = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12}

The Venn diagram is as follows:

𝑇 𝐸
1 7
3 2
6 4
5
12 10 11
9 8
 (ii) List the members of the set

(a) 𝑇 ∩ 𝐸 [1]

𝑇 ∩ 𝐸 = {6, 12}

(b) (𝑇 ∪ 𝐸)′ [1]

(𝑇 ∪ 𝐸)′ = {1, 5, 7, 11}

(b) Using a pencil, a ruler, and a pair of compasses only:

(i) Construct, accurately, the triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 shown below, where,

𝐴𝐶 = 6 𝑐𝑚

∠ 𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 60°

∠ 𝐶𝐴𝐵 = 60° [3]

60° 60°
𝑨 𝑪
𝟔 𝒄𝒎

Required to construct accurately, the triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶, where

𝐴𝐶 = 6 𝑐𝑚, ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 60° and ∠𝐶𝐴𝐵 = 60°.

The diagram is shown as follows:

 𝐵

60° 60°
𝐴| 6 𝑐𝑚 |𝐶

(ii) Complete the diagram to show the kite, 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷, in which

𝐴𝐷 = 5 𝑐𝑚. [2]

60° 60°
𝐴| 6 𝑐𝑚 |𝐶

5 𝑐𝑚 5 𝑐𝑚

𝐷
(iii) Measure and state the size of ∠𝐷𝐴𝐶. [1]

By measurement, 𝐷𝐴̂𝐶 = 53°.

Total: 12 marks
4. (a) The diagram below, not drawn to scale, shows a triangle 𝐿𝑀𝑁 with

𝐿𝑁 = 12 cm, 𝑁𝑀 = 𝑥 𝑐𝑚, and ∠𝑁𝐿𝑀 = 𝜃°. The point 𝐾 on 𝐿𝑀 is such that

𝑁𝐾 is perpendicular to 𝐿𝑀, 𝑁𝐾 = 6 𝑐𝑚, and 𝐾𝑀 = 8 𝑐𝑚.

𝒙 𝒄𝒎
𝟔 𝒄𝒎

𝜽°
𝑳 𝑲 𝟖 𝒄𝒎 𝑴

Calculate the value of

(i) 𝑥 [2]

Consider triangle 𝑁𝐾𝑀.

By Pythagoras’ Theorem,

𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2

𝑥 2 = (6)2 + (8)2

𝑥 2 = 36 + 64

𝑥 2 = 100

𝑥 = √100

𝑥 = 10 𝑐𝑚
 (ii) 𝜃 [3]

Consider triangle 𝑁𝐿𝐾.

𝑜𝑝𝑝
sin 𝜃 = ℎ𝑦𝑝

6
sin 𝜃 = 12

1
sin 𝜃 = 2

1
𝜃 = sin−1 ( )
2

𝜃 = 30°

(b) The diagram below shows a map of a playing field drawn on a grid of

1 𝑐𝑚 squares.

The scale of the map is 𝟏 ∶ 𝟏 𝟐𝟓𝟎.

(i) Measure and state, in centimetres, the distance from 𝑆 to 𝐹 on the

map. [1]

By measurement, 𝑆𝐹 = 7.8 𝑐𝑚.

(ii) Calculate the distance, in metres, from 𝑆 to 𝐹 on the ACTUAL

playing field. [2]

The scale is 1 : 1 250.

1 𝑐𝑚 on the map represents 1250 𝑐𝑚 on the field.

7.8 𝑐𝑚 on the map = 7.8 × 1250

7.8 𝑐𝑚 on the map = 9750 𝑐𝑚 on the field.

Now,

100 𝑐𝑚 = 1 𝑚
1
1 𝑐𝑚 = 100

1
9750 𝑐𝑚 = 100 × 9750

9750 𝑐𝑚 = 97.5 𝑚

∴ The distance from 𝑆 to 𝐹 on the actual playing field is 97.5 𝑚.

(iii) Daniel ran the distance from 𝑆 to 𝐹 in 9.72 seconds. Calculate his

average speed in

(a) 𝑚/𝑠

𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑
Average speed = 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛

97.5
Average speed = 9.72

Average speed = 10.0 𝑚/𝑠 (to 3 significant figures)

(b) 𝑘𝑚/ℎ

Distance = 97.5 𝑚

Distance = 97.5 ÷ 1000 𝑘𝑚

Distance = 0.0975 𝑘𝑚

Now,

1 hour = 60 × 60

1 hour = 3600 seconds

3600 seconds = 1 hour

1
1 second = 3600

9.72 seconds = 0.0027 hours

Time = 9.72 seconds

Time = 0.0027 hours

𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑
Average speed = 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛

0.0975
Average speed = 0.0027

Average speed = 36.1 𝑘𝑚/ℎ (to 3 significant figures)

giving your answer correct to 3 significant figures. [3]

Total: 11 marks
 3
5. (a) A straight line passes through the point 𝑇(4, 1) and has a gradient of 5 .

Determine the equation of this line. [3]

3
Substituting 𝑚 = 5 and point 𝑇(4, 1) into 𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 ) gives:

3
𝑦 − 1 = 5 (𝑥 − 4)

3 12
𝑦 − 1 = 5𝑥 − 5

3 12
𝑦 = 5𝑥 − +1
5

3 7
𝑦 = 5𝑥 − 5

5𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 7

∴ The equation of the line is: 5𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 7

(b) (i) Using a scale of 𝟏 𝒄𝒎 to represent 1 unit on both axes, draw the triangle

𝐴𝐵𝐶 with vertices 𝐴(2, 3) , 𝐵(5, 3) and 𝐶(3, 6). [3]

The graph is shown below.

𝐶
×
\
t

× ×𝐵
𝐴
\ \
t t

𝑥
(ii) On the same axes used in (b)(i), draw and label the line 𝑦 = 2. [1]

The graph is shown below.

𝐶
×
\
t

× ×𝐵
𝐴
𝑦=2 \ \
t t

𝑥
(iii) Draw the image of triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 under a reflection in the line 𝑦 = 2.

Label the image 𝐴′𝐵′𝐶′. [2]

The graph is shown below.

𝐶
×
\
t

× ×𝐵
𝐴
𝑦=2 \ \
t t
𝐴′ 𝐵′
× ×
\ \
𝑥
t t

×
𝐶′
\
t
(iv) Draw a new triangle 𝐴"𝐵"𝐶" with vertices 𝐴"(−7, 4) , 𝐵"(−4, 4) and

𝐶"(−6, 7). [1]

The graph is shown below.

𝐶" 𝐶
× ×
\ \
t t

𝐴"× ×𝐵" × ×𝐵
𝐴
𝑦 \= 2 \ \ \
t t t t
𝐴′ 𝐵′
× ×
\ \
𝑥
t t

×
𝐶′
\
t
(v) Name and describe the single transformation that maps triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶

onto triangle 𝐴"𝐵"𝐶". [2]

The transformation is a translation.

Consider points 𝐴(2, 3) and 𝐴"(−7, 4).

The point 𝐴 is mapped onto 𝐴" by a horizontal shift of 9 units to the left

and a vertical shift of 1 unit upwards.

−9
The translation is represented by 𝑇 = ( ).
1

−9
∴ ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 is mapped into ∆𝐴"𝐵"𝐶" by a translation, 𝑇 = ( ).
1

Total: 12 marks
6. A class of 26 students each recorded the distance travelled to school. The

distance, to the nearest 𝑘𝑚, is recorded below:

21 11 3 22 6 32 22 18 28

26 16 17 34 12 25 8 19 14

39 17 22 24 30 18 13 23

(a) Copy and complete the frequency table to represent this data. [2]

Distance in kilometres Frequency

1–5 1

6 – 10 2

11 – 15 4

16 – 20 6

21 – 25 7

26 – 30 3

31 – 35 2

36 – 40 1
 (b) Using a scale of 2 𝒄𝒎 to represent 5 𝒌𝒎 on the horizontal axis and a scale of 1

𝒄𝒎 to represent 1 student on the vertical axis, draw a histogram to represent

the data. [5]

Distance in kilometres LCB UCB Frequency

1–5 0.5 5.5 1
6 – 10 5.5 10.5 2
11 – 15 10.5 15.5 4
16 – 20 15.5 20.5 6
21 – 25 20.5 25.5 7
26 – 30 25.5 30.5 3
31 – 35 30.5 35.5 2
36 – 40 35.5 40.5 1

Title: Graph showing a histogram representing the data given.

Frequency

Scale:
𝑥-axis: 2 𝑐𝑚 = 5 𝑘𝑚
𝑦-axis: 1 𝑐𝑚 = 1 student

Distance (𝑘𝑚)
(c) Calculate the probability that a student chosen at random from this class

recorded the distance travelled to school as 26 km or more. [2]

Number of students travelling≥26 km

𝑃(𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 ≥ 26 𝑘𝑚) = Total number of students

3+2+1
𝑃(𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 ≥ 26 𝑘𝑚) = 26

6
𝑃(𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 ≥ 26 𝑘𝑚) = 26

3
𝑃(𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 ≥ 26 𝑘𝑚) = 13

(d) The P.T.A. plans to set up a transportation service for the school. Which

average, mean, more or median, is MOST appropriate for estimating the cost

of the service? Give a reason for your answer. [2]

The mean is most appropriate for estimating the cost of transportation

because it takes into account each student and the actual distance that is

covered.

Total: 11 marks
7. The graph shown below represents a function of the form: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐

𝟖 𝒚

𝒙
−𝟓 −𝟒 −𝟑 −𝟐 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒

−𝟏

−𝟐

Using the graph above, determine

(i) the value of 𝑓(𝑥) when 𝑥 = 0 [1]

From graph, when 𝑥 = 0, 𝑓(𝑥) = 3.

(ii) the values of 𝑥 when 𝑓(𝑥) = 0 [2]

1
From graph, when 𝑓(𝑥) = 0, 𝑥 = −3 and 𝑥 = 2 .

These are the points where the curve cuts the 𝑥-axis.
(iii) the coordinates of the maximum point [2]

The coordinates of the maximum point are (−1.3, 6.1).

(iv) the equation of the axis of symmetry [2]

The equation of the axis of symmetry is: 𝑥 = −1.3.

(v) the values of 𝑥 when 𝑓(𝑥) = 5 [2]

1
From graph, when 𝑓(𝑥) = 5, 𝑥 = −2 and 𝑥 = − 2 .

(vi) the interval within which 𝑥 lies when 𝑓(𝑥) > 5. Write your answer in the

form 𝑎 < 𝑥 < 𝑏. [2]

The range of values of 𝑥 for which 𝑓(𝑥) lies above the line 𝑦 = 5 is

{𝑥: −2 < 𝑥 < −0.5}.

Total: 11 marks
8. Bianca makes hexagons using sticks of equal length. She then creates patterns by

joining the hexagons togather. Patterns 1, 2 and 3 are shown below.

Pattern 1 Pattern 2 Pattern 3

1 Hexagon 2 Hexagons 3 Hexagons

The table below shows the number of hexagons in EACH pattern created and the

number of sticks used to make EACH pattern.

Number of
hexagons
1 2 3 4 5 20 𝒏
in the
pattern
Number of
sticks used
6 11 16 𝒙 𝒚 𝒛 𝑺
for the
pattern

(a) Determine the values of

(i) 𝑥 [2]

For 𝑛 hexagons in the pattern, the number of sticks used is 𝑆 = 5𝑛 + 1.

When 𝑛 = 4 and 𝑆 = 𝑥,

𝑥 = 5(4) + 1

𝑥 = 20 + 1

𝑥 = 21
 (ii) 𝑦 [2]

When 𝑛 = 5 and 𝑆 = 𝑦,

𝑦 = 5(5) + 1

𝑦 = 25 + 1

𝑦 = 26

(iii) 𝑧 [2]

When 𝑛 = 20 and 𝑆 = 𝑧,

𝑧 = 5(20) + 1

𝑧 = 100 + 1

𝑧 = 101

(b) Write down an expression for 𝑺 in terms of 𝒏, where 𝑺 represents the

number of sticks used to make a pattern of 𝒏 hexagons. [2]

𝑆 represents the number of sticks used to make a pattern of 𝑛 hexagons.

∴ 𝑆 = 5𝑛 + 1

(c) Bianca used a total of 76 sticks to make a pattern of 𝒉 hexagons. Determine

the value of 𝒉. [2]

Bianca used a total of 76 sticks to make a pattern of ℎ hexagons.

When 𝑛 = ℎ and 𝑆 = 76,

76 = 5(ℎ) + 1

76 − 1 = 5ℎ

75 = 5ℎ

75
=ℎ
5

15 = ℎ

Total: 10 marks
 SECTION II

Answer TWO questions in this section.

ALGEBRA AND RELATIONS, FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS

9. (a) The relationship between kinetic energy, 𝐸, mass, 𝑚, and velocity, 𝑣, for a

moving particle is
1
𝐸 = 2 𝑚𝑣 2

(i) Express 𝑣 in terms of 𝐸 and 𝑚. [3]

1
𝐸 = 2 𝑚𝑣 2

2𝐸 = 𝑚𝑣 2
2𝐸
= 𝑣2
𝑚

2𝐸
√ =𝑣
𝑚

2𝐸
∴ 𝑣 = √𝑚

(ii) Determine the value of 𝑣 when 𝐸 = 45 and 𝑚 = 13. [2]

2𝐸
Substituting 𝐸 = 45 and 𝑚 = 13 into 𝑣 = √ 𝑚 gives:

2(45)
𝑣=√ 13

90
𝑣 = √13

𝑣 = 2.63 (to 2 decimal places)

(b) Given 𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 2,

(i) write 𝑔(𝑥) in the form 𝑎(𝑥 + 𝑏)2 + 𝑐, where 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐 ∈ ℝ [3]

𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 2 is in the form 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐,

where 𝑎 = 3, 𝑏 = −8 and 𝑐 = 2.

𝑏 4𝑎𝑐−𝑏2
ℎ = 2𝑎 𝑘= 4𝑎

−8 4(3)(2)−(−8)2
ℎ = 2(3) 𝑘= 4(3)

−8 24−64
ℎ= 𝑘=
6 12

4 −40
ℎ = −3 𝑘= 12

10
𝑘=− 3

4 2 10
So, we have, 𝑔(𝑥) = 3 (𝑥 − ) − .
3 3

Alternatively,

𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 2

8
𝑔(𝑥) = 3 (𝑥 2 − 3 𝑥) + 2

8 16 16
𝑔(𝑥) = 3 (𝑥 2 − 3 𝑥 + ) + 2 − 3(9 )
9

4 2 16
𝑔(𝑥) = 3 (𝑥 − 3) + 2 − 3

4 2 10
𝑔(𝑥) = 3 (𝑥 − 3) − 3

4 2 10
∴ 𝑔(𝑥) = 3 (𝑥 − 3) − which is in the form 𝑎(𝑥 + 𝑏)2 + 𝑐,
3

4 10
where 𝑎 = 3, 𝑏 = − 3 and 𝑐 = − .
3
(ii) solve the equation 𝑔(𝑥) = 0, writing your answer(s) correct to 2

decimal places. [4]

4 2 10
𝑔(𝑥) = 3 (𝑥 − 3) − 3

Let 𝑔(𝑥) = 0.

4 2 10
3 (𝑥 − 3) − =0
3

4 2 10
3 (𝑥 − 3) = 3

4 2 10
(𝑥 − 3) = 9

4 10
𝑥 − 3 = ±√ 9

4 10
𝑥 =3±√9

4 10 4 10
Either 𝑥 =3−√9 or 𝑥 = 3+√9

𝑥 = 0.28 (to 2 d.p.) 𝑥 = 2.39 (to 2 d.p.)

∴ 𝑥 = 0.28 or 𝑥 = 2.39
(iii) A sketch of the graph of 𝑔(𝑥) is shown below.

| | | 𝒙
𝑪
|
𝑩

Copy the sketch and state

(a) the 𝑦-coordinate of 𝐴

(b) the 𝑥-coordinate of 𝐶

(c) the 𝑥 and 𝑦-coordinates of 𝐵 [3]

The sketch is shown below:

𝑨 (0, 2)
|

| | 𝒙
𝑪 (2.39, 0)
|
𝑩
4 10
( ,− )
3 3

Total: 15 marks
10. (a) The manager of a pizza shop wishes to make 𝑥 small pizzas and 𝑦 large

pizzas. His oven holds no more than 20 pizzas.

(i) Write an inequality to represent the given condition. [2]

Condition: The manager of a pizza shop wishes to make 𝑥 small pizzas

and 𝑦 large pizzas. His oven holds no more than 20 pizzas.

Inequality: 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 20

(ii) The ingredients for each small pizza cost $15 and for each large pizza

$30. The manager plans to spend no more than $450 on ingredients.

Write an inequality to represent this condition. [2]

Condition: The ingredients for each small pizza cost $15 and for each

large pizza $30. The manager plans to spend no more than $450 on

ingredients.

Inequality:

15𝑥 + 30𝑦 ≤ 450

(÷ 15)

𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 30
(b) (i) Using a scale of 2 𝒄𝒎 on the 𝒙-axis to represent 5 small pizzas and

2 𝒄𝒎 on the 𝒚-axis to represent 5 large pizzas, draw the graphs of the

lines associated with the inequalities at (a)(i) and (a)(ii) above. [4]

Consider 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 20 and 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 30.

The equations are 𝑥 = 𝑦 = 20 and 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 30 respectively.

Consider 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 20.

When 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 20.

When 𝑦 = 0, 𝑥 = 20.

Points to be plotted are (0, 20) and (20, 0).

Consider 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 30.

When 𝑥 = 0,

0 + 2𝑦 = 30

2𝑦 = 30

30
𝑦= 2

𝑦 = 15

When 𝑦 = 0,

𝑥 + 2(0) = 30

𝑥 + 0 = 30

𝑥 = 30

Points to be plotted are (0, 15) and (30, 0).

 The graph is shown below:

Scale:
𝑥-axis: 2 𝑐𝑚 = 5 small pizzas
𝑦-axis: 2 𝑐𝑚 = 5 large pizzas

𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 20

𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 30
𝑥

(ii) Shade the region which is defined by ALL of the following combined:

- the inequalities written at (a)(i) and (a)(ii)

- the inequalities 𝑥 ≥ 0 and 𝑦 ≥ 0 [1]

See graph above.

 (iii) Using your graph, state the coordinates of the vertices of the shaded

region. [2]

From the graph, the coordinates of the vertices are:

(0, 0) , (0, 15), (10, 10) and (20, 0)

(c) The pizza shop makes a profit of $8 on the sale of EACH small pizza and $20

on the sale of EACH large pizza. All the pizzas that were made were sold.

(i) Write an expression in 𝑥 and 𝑦 for the TOTAL profit made in the sale

of the pizzas. [1]

Let the total profit be 𝑃.

The profit made on each small pizza is $8.

The profit made on each large pizza is $20.

∴ 𝑃 = 8𝑥 + 20𝑦

(ii) Use the coordinates of the vertices given at (b)(iii) to determine the

MAXIMUM profit. [3]

The coordinates of the vertices are (0, 0) , (0, 15), (10, 10) and (20, 0).

When 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑦 = 15,

𝑃 = 8(0) + 20(15)

𝑃 = 0 + 300

𝑃 = $300
When 𝑥 = 10 and 𝑦 = 10,

𝑃 = 8(10) + 20(10)

𝑃 = 80 + 200

𝑃 = $280

When 𝑥 = 20 and 𝑦 = 0,

𝑃 = 8(20) + 20(0)

𝑃 = 160 + 0

𝑃 = $160

∴ The maximum profit occurs when the shop sells 15 large pizzas.

Total: 15 marks
 GEOMETRY AND TRIGONOMETRY

11. (a) The diagram below, not drawn to scale, shows three stations 𝑃, 𝑄 and 𝑅, such

that the bearing of 𝑄 from 𝑅 is 116° and the bearing of 𝑃 from 𝑅 is 242°. The

vertical line at 𝑅 shows the North direction.

𝑹 𝟏𝟏𝟔°

𝑷 𝑸

(i) Show that angle 𝑃𝑅𝑄 = 126°. [2]

As stated in the question, 242° was the bearing of 𝑃 from 𝑅 as shown

below.

𝑹 𝟏𝟏𝟔°

242°

𝑷 𝑸

242° was the bearing of 𝑃 from 𝑅 as shown above.

 ∴ 𝑃𝑅̂ 𝑄 = 242° − 116°

= 126°

(ii) Given that 𝑃𝑅 = 38 metres and 𝑄𝑅 = 102 metres, calculate the

distance 𝑃𝑄, giving your answer to the nearest metre. [3]

Consider the diagram below:

126°

𝑷 𝑸

Using the cosine rule,

(𝑃𝑄)2 = (𝑃𝑅)2 + (𝑅𝑄)2 − 2(𝑃𝑅)(𝑅𝑄) cos 𝑅̂

(𝑃𝑄)2 = (38)2 + (102)2 − 2(38)(102) cos 126°

(𝑃𝑄)2 = 16404.51128

𝑃𝑄 = √16404.51128

𝑃𝑄 = 128 𝑚 (to the nearest metre)

∴ The distance 𝑃𝑄 is 128 𝑚.

(b) 𝐾, 𝐿 and 𝑀 are points along a straight line on a horizontal plane, as shown

below.

𝑲 𝑳 𝑴

A vertical pole, 𝑆𝐾, is positioned such that the angles of elevation of the top

of the pole 𝑆 from 𝐿 and 𝑀 are 21° and 14° respectively.

The height of the pole, 𝑆𝐾, is 10 metres.

(i) Copy and complete the diagram to show the pole 𝑆𝐾 and the angles of

elevation of 𝑆 from 𝐿 to 𝑀. [4]

The completed diagram is shown below:

14° 21°

10 𝑘𝑚

21° 14°
𝑲 𝑳 𝑴
(ii) Calculate, correct to ONE decimal place,

(a) the length of 𝐾𝐿

10
tan 21° = 𝐾𝐿

10
𝐾𝐿 = tan 21°

𝐾𝐿 = 26.1 𝑚 (to 1 decimal place)

∴ The length of 𝐾𝐿 is 26.1 𝑚.

(b) the length of 𝐿𝑀 [6]

10
tan 14° = 𝐾𝑀

10
𝐾𝑀 = tan 14°

𝐾𝑀 = 40.10780934 m

𝐿𝑀 = 𝐾𝑀 − 𝐾𝑙

𝐿𝑀 = 40.10780934 − 26.1

𝐿𝑀 = 14.0 𝑚 (to 1 decimal place)

∴ The length of 𝐿𝑀 is 14.0 𝑚.

Total: 15 marks
12. (a) The diagram below, not drawn to scale, shows two circles. 𝐶 is the centre of

the smaller circle, 𝐺𝐻 is a common chord and 𝐷𝐸𝐹 is a triangle.

Angle 𝐺𝐶𝐻 = 88° and angle 𝐺𝐻𝐸 = 126°

𝟖𝟖° 𝑪 𝑭

𝟏𝟐𝟔°
𝑯

Calculate, giving reasons for your answer, the measure of angle

(i) 𝐺𝐹𝐻 [2]

The angle subtended by a chord 𝐺𝐻 at the centre of the circle, 𝐶, is

twice the angle at the circumference.

1
Angle 𝐺𝐹𝐻 = 2 × Angle 𝐺𝐶𝐻

1
Angle 𝐺𝐹𝐻 = 2 (88°)

Angle 𝐺𝐹𝐻 = 44°

∴ Angle 𝐺𝐹𝐻 = 44°

(ii) 𝐺𝐷𝐸 [3]

The opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are supplementary.

Angle 𝐺𝐷𝐸 = 180° − Angle 𝐺𝐻𝐸

Angle 𝐺𝐷𝐸 = 180° − 126°

Angle 𝐺𝐷𝐸 = 54°

∴ Angle 𝐺𝐷𝐸 = 54°

(iii) 𝐷𝐸𝐹 [2]

All angles in a triangle add up to 180°.

Angle 𝐷𝐸𝐹 = 180° − Angle 𝐺𝐷𝐸 − Angle 𝐺𝐹𝐻

Angle 𝐷𝐸𝐹 = 180° − 54° − 44°

Angle 𝐷𝐸𝐹 = 82°

∴ Angle 𝐷𝐸𝐹 = 82°

(b) Use 𝝅 = 𝟑. 𝟏𝟒 in this part of the question.

Given that 𝐺𝐶 = 4 𝑐𝑚, calculate the area of

(i) triangle 𝐺𝐶𝐻 [3]

Since 𝐺𝐶 and 𝐻𝐶 are both radii of the same circle, then 𝐺𝐶 = 𝐻𝐶.

Consider the diagram below:

4 𝑐𝑚

88° 𝐶

4 𝑐𝑚

Now,
1
Area of triangle 𝐺𝐶𝐻 = 2 𝑎𝑏 sin 𝐶

1
Area of triangle 𝐺𝐶𝐻 = 2 (4)(4) sin 88°

Area of triangle 𝐺𝐶𝐻 = 7.995 𝑐𝑚2 (to 3 decimal places)

∴ The area of triangle 𝐺𝐶𝐻 is 7.995 𝑐𝑚2.

(ii) the minor sector bounded by arc 𝐺𝐻 and radii 𝐺𝐶 and 𝐻𝐶 [3]

Consider the diagram below:

4 𝑐𝑚

88° 𝐶

4 𝑐𝑚

Now,

𝜃
Area of minor sector = 360° × 𝜋𝑟 2

88°
Area of minor sector = 360° × 3.14 × (4)2

Area of minor sector = 12.3 𝑐𝑚2 (to 3 significant figures)

∴ The area of the minor sector is 12.3 𝑐𝑚2.

(iii) the shaded segment [2]

Consider the diagram below:

4 𝑐𝑚

88° 𝐶

4 𝑐𝑚

Now,

Area of shaded segment = Area of sector 𝐺𝐶𝐻 − Area of triangle 𝐺𝐶𝐻

88° 1
Area of shaded segment = [360° × 3.14 × (4)2 ] − [2 (4)(4) sin 88°]

Area of shaded segment = 4.29 𝑐𝑚2 (to 3 significant figures)

∴ The area of the shaded segment is 4.29 𝑐𝑚2.

Total: 15 marks
 VECTORS AND MATRICES

13. (a) The figure below, not drawn to scale, shows the points 𝑂(0, 0), 𝐴(5, 0) and

𝐵(−1, 4) which are the vertices of a triangle 𝑂𝐴𝐵.

𝑩(−𝟏, 𝟒)

𝑶(𝟎, 𝟎) 𝑨(𝟓, 𝟎)

𝑎
(i) Express in the form ( ) the vectors
𝑏

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
(a) 𝑂𝐵

The coordinates of 𝐵 are (−1, 4).

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (−1).
So the vector 𝑂𝐵
4

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + 𝑂𝐵
(b) 𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ [3]

The coordinates of 𝐴 are (5, 0).

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (5).
So the vector 𝑂𝐴
0

Now,

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (5) + (−1)

𝑂𝐴 + 𝑂𝐵
0 4

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (5 + (−1))

𝑂𝐴 + 𝑂𝐵
0+4

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (4)
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + 𝑂𝐵
𝑂𝐴
4
(ii) If 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) is the midpoint of 𝐴𝐵, determine the values of 𝑥 and 𝑦. [2]

Points are 𝐴(5, 0) and 𝐵(−1, 4).

Since 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) is the midpoint of 𝐴𝐵, then,

𝑥1 +𝑥2 𝑦1 +𝑦2
𝑀=( , )
2 2

5+(−1) 0+4
𝑀=( , )
2 2

4 4
𝑀 = (2 , 2)

𝑀 = (2 ,2) which is in the form (𝑥, 𝑦),

where 𝑥 = 2 and 𝑦 = 2.

∴ The values of 𝑥 and 𝑦 are 𝑥 = 2 and 𝑦 = 2.

(b) In the figure below, not drawn to scale, 𝑂𝐸, 𝐸𝐹 and 𝑀𝐹 are straight lines. The

point 𝐻 is such that 𝐸𝐹 = 3𝐸𝐻. The point 𝐺 is such that 𝑀𝐹 = 5𝑀𝐺. 𝑀 is the

midpoint of 𝑂𝐸.

The vector ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

𝑂𝑀 = 𝒗 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐸𝐻 = 𝒖.

𝑬 𝒖 𝑯
> 𝑭

𝑴 𝑮

(i) Write in terms of 𝒖 and/or 𝒗, an expression for:

(a) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐻𝐹 [1]

We are given that,

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐸𝐹 = 3𝐸𝐻

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐸𝐹 = 3𝒖

Now,

Using the triangle law,

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐸𝐹 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐸𝐻 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐻𝐹

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐻𝐹 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐸𝐹 − 𝐸𝐻

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐻𝐹 = 3𝒖 − 𝒖

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 2𝒖
𝐻𝐹
(b) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑀𝐹 [2]

Since 𝑀 is the midpoint of ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

𝑂𝐸 , then

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑀𝐸 = 𝑂𝑀⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑀𝐸 = 𝒗

Now,

Using the triangle law,

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑀𝐹 𝑀𝐸 + 𝐸𝐹⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑀𝐹 = 𝒗 + 3𝒖

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
(c) 𝑂𝐻 [2]

Using the triangle law,

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑂𝑀
𝑂𝐸 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑀𝐸

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐸 = 𝒗 + 𝒗

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 2𝒗
𝑂𝐸

Now,

Using the triangle law,

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐻 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐸 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐸𝐻

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐻 = 2𝒗 + 𝒖
 3
(ii) Show that ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐺 = 5 (2𝑣 + 𝑢) [2]

We are given that,

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑀𝐹 = 5𝑀𝐺

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 1 𝑀𝐹
𝑀𝐺 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
5

1
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑀𝐺 = 5 (𝒗 + 3𝒖)

Now,

Using the triangle law,

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑂𝑀
𝑂𝐺 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + 𝑀𝐺
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝒗 + 1 (𝒗 + 3𝒖)
𝑂𝐺 5

1 3
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐺 = 𝒗 + 5 𝒗 + 5 𝒖

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 6 𝒗 + 3 𝒖
𝑂𝐺 5 5

3
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐺 = 5 (2𝒗 + 𝒖)

3
∴ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐺 = 5 (2𝒗 + 𝒖)
Q.E.D.

(iii) Hence, prove that 𝑂, 𝐺 and 𝐻 lie on a straight line. [3]

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 3 (2𝒗 + 𝒖)
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 2𝒗 + 𝒖 and 𝑂𝐺
𝑂𝐻 5

3
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑂𝐻
So, 𝑂𝐺 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
5
Since ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐻 is a scalar multiple of ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐺 , then ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐺 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐻 are parallel.

Since 𝑂 is a common point on both lines, then 𝐺 lies on ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

𝑂𝐻 (as shown

on the diagram).

∴ 𝑂, 𝐺 and 𝐻 all lie on a straight line.

Q.E.D.

Total: 15 marks
14. (a) 𝐿 and 𝑁 are two matrices where

3 2 −1 3
𝐿=( ) and 𝑁 = ( ).
1 4 0 2

Evaluate 𝐿 − 𝑁 2 . [3]

−1 3 −1 3
𝑁2 = ( )( )
0 2 0 2

(−1 × −1) + (3 × 0) (−1 × 3) + (3 × 2)

𝑁2 = ( )
(0 × −1) + (2 × 0) (0 × 3) + (2 × 2)

1+0 −3 + 6
𝑁2 = ( )
0+0 0+4

1 3
𝑁2 = ( )
0 4

Now,

3 2 1 3
𝐿 − 𝑁2 = ( )−( )
1 4 0 4

2 −1
𝐿 − 𝑁2 = ( )
1 0

𝑥 12
(b) The matrix, 𝑀, is given as 𝑀 = ( ). Calculate the values of 𝑥 for
3 𝑥

which 𝑀 is singular. [2]

𝑥 12
𝑀=( )
3 𝑥

det(𝑀) = 𝑎𝑑 − 𝑏𝑐

det(𝑀) = (𝑥)(𝑥) − (12)(3)

det(𝑀) = 𝑥 2 − 36
 If 𝑀 is singular, then the det(𝑀) = 0.

So, we have,

𝑥 2 − 36 = 0

(𝑥 + 6)(𝑥 − 6) = 0

Either 𝑥+6=0 or 𝑥−6=0

𝑥 = −6 𝑥=6

∴ The values of 𝑥 for which 𝑀 is singular are 𝑥 = −6 and 𝑥 = 6.

(c) A geometric transformation, 𝑅, maps the point (2, 1) onto (−1, 2).

0 𝑝
Given that 𝑅 = ( ), calculate the values of 𝑝 and 𝑞. [3]
𝑞 0

0 𝑝 2 −1
( )( ) = ( )
𝑞 0 1 2

(0 × 2) + (𝑝 × 1) −1
( )=( )
(𝑞 × 2) + (0 × 1) 2

0+𝑝 −1
( )=( )
2𝑞 + 0 2
𝑝 −1
(2𝑞 ) = ( )
2

Comparing corresponding entries gives:

𝑝 = −1 and 2𝑞 = 2

2
𝑞=2

𝑞=1

∴ 𝑝 = −1 and 𝑞 = 1
 𝑟
(d) A translation, 𝑇 = ( ) maps the point (5, 3) onto (1, 1). Determine the
𝑠

values of 𝑟 and 𝑠. [3]

𝑟 5 1
( )+( )=( )
𝑠 3 1

𝑟+5 1
( )=( )
𝑠+3 1

Comparing corresponding entries gives:

𝑟+5=1 and 𝑠+3=1

𝑟 = 1−5 𝑠 = 1−3

𝑟 = −4 𝑠 = −2

∴ 𝑟 = −4 and 𝑠 = −2

(e) Determine the coordinates of the image of (8, 5) under the combined

transformation, 𝑅 followed by 𝑇. [4]

0 𝑝
𝑅=( )
𝑞 0

0 −1
Since 𝑝 = −1 and 𝑞 = 1, then 𝑅 = ( ).
1 0

Firstly, we transform under 𝑅.

0 −1 8 (0 × 8) + (−1 × 5)
( )( ) = ( )
1 0 5 (1 × 8) + (0 × 5)

0 −1 8 0 + (−5)
( )( ) = ( )
1 0 5 8+0

0 −1 8 −5
( )( ) = ( )
1 0 5 8
 𝑟
𝑇=( )
𝑠
−4
Since 𝑟 = −4 and 𝑠 = −2, then 𝑇 = ( ).
−2

Then, we transform under 𝑇.

−5 −4 −5 + (−4)
( )+( )=( )
8 −2 8 + (−2)

−5 −4 −5 − 4
( )+( )=( )
8 −2 8−2

−5 −4 −9
( )+( )=( )
8 −2 6

∴ The image of (8, 5) under the combined transformation, 𝑅 followed by 𝑇 is

(−9, 6).

Total: 15 marks

END OF TEST