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9
dkslZ&^ch*

mRrjekyk

DNA education
New Delhi-110002
 Li'kZ % Hkkx 1 µ xn~; •aM
ikBµ1
nq[k dk vf/dkj
xn~;ka'k ij vk/kfjr iz'u
xn~;ka'k & 1
mRrj (i) euq";ksa dh iks'kkosaQ mUgsa fofHkUu Jsf.k;ksa esa ck¡V nsrh gSa D;ksasfd iks'kkd gh lekt esa euq"; dk vf/dkj vkSSj mldk
n”kkZ fuf'pr djrh gSA iks'kkd gh euq"; osQ fy, vusd can njok”ks [kksy nsrh gSaA dHkh&dHkh ;gh iks'kkd ca/u vkSj
vM+pu cu tkrh gS] tc ge FkksM+k uhps >qddj lekt dh fupyh Js.kh osQ yksxksa dh vuqHkwwfr dks le>uk pkgrs gSaA
mRrj (ii) iks'kkd vM+pu rc cu tkrh gS tc ge FkksM+k uhps >qddj lekt dha fupyh Js.kh osQ yksxksa dh vuqHkwwfr dks le>uk
pkgrs gSaA tSls ok;q dh ygjsa dVh gqbZ irax dks ,d&,d ”kehu ij ugha fxj tkus nsrha] mlh rjg [kkl ifjfLFkfr;ksa
esa gekjh iks'kkd gesa >qd ldus ls jksdrh gSA
mRrj (iii) ok;q irax dks ,dk,d Hkwfe ij ugha fxjus nsrhaA
xn~;ka'k & 2
mRrj (i) ck”kkj esa] iqQVikFk ij oqQN [kjcw”ks Mfy;k esa vkSj oqQN ”kehu ij cspus osQ fy, j[ks tku iM+rs FksA ,slk blfy, tku
iM+rk Fkk fd [kjcw”kksa osQ lehi gh ,d v/sM+ mez dh vkSjr cSBh jks jgh FkhA tks [kjcw”kksa dh ekyfdu gh yxrh
FkhA [kjcw”kksa dks dksbZ Hkh [kjhnus osQ fy, vkxs ugha vk jgk Fkk] D;ksafd ikl esa cSBh efgyk diM+s esa eq¡g fNik,
iQiQd&iQiQd dj jks jgh FkhA
mRrj (ii) v/sM+ L=kh blfy, jks jgh Fkh fd iM+ksl dh nqdkuksa osQ r[+rksa ij cSBs ;k ck”kkj esa [kM+s yksx ?k`.kkiwoZd ml L=kh osQ
laca/ esa ckrsa dj jgs FksA mudh fcuk okLrfodrk dks le>s dh tkus okyh ân;ghu ckrsa gh mlosQ jksus dk dkj.k
FkhA
mRrj (iii) ml L=kh dks iQiQd&iQiQd dj jksrs ns[k ys[kd osQ eu esa ,d O;Fkk&lh mBh vkSj eu jksus dk dkj.k tkuus osQ fy,
mRlqd gks mBkA
xn~;ka'k & 3
mRrj (i) ,d vkneh [kjcw”ks cspus okyh L=kh dh vksj ?k`.kk ls Fkwdrs gq, dg jgk Fkk] ¶vc D;k ”kekuk vk x;k gS! vHkh
blh osQ toku csVs dks ejs gq, iwjk fnu Hkh ugha chrk gS vkSj ;g pyh vk;h ck”kkj esa nqdu yxkusA¸ yksxksa esa vc
xSjr uke dh dksbZ ph”k ugha jg xbZ gSA
mRrj (ii) iqQVikFk ij [kM+k O;fDr L=kh dh vksj frjLdkj ls ns[krs gq, dg jgk Fkk] ¶bu yksxksa dk D;k nhu&bZeku gS! ;s jksVh
osQ VqdMs+ osQ fy, oqQN Hkh dj ldrs gSaA buosQ fy, [kle&yqxkbZ] csVs&csVh osQ fj'rksa dh dksbZ vgfe;r ugha gSA
budk /eZ vkSj bZeku lc jksVh gh gSA¸
mRrj (iii) cqf<+;k¡ dks mlosQ toku csVs osQ ejus osQ ckotwn nqdku yxk ysus dks yksx vijk/ crk jgs FksA
xn~;ka'k & 4
mRrj (i) ys[kd ,d laosnu'khy O;fDr gSaA tc mUgsa cqf<+;k¡ dh okLrfod fLFkfr dk irk pyrk gS rks mUgsa xr o"kZ iM+ksl esa
iq=k dh e`R;q ls nq[kh ekrk dh ckr ;kn vkrh gS vkSj os lkspus yxrk gS& og laHkazkr efgyk iq=k dh e`R;q osQ ckn
v<+kbZ ekl rd fcLrj ls mB u ldh FkhA vkSj izR;sd 15&20 feuV ij mls ewPNkZ vk tkrh FkhA ewPNkZ u vkus dh
fLFkfr esa mldh vk¡[kksa ls fujarj vk¡lw fxjrs jgrsA
mRrj (ii) ys[kd osQ iM+ksl dh efgyk osQ iq=k osQ e`R;q gks tkus osQ dkj.k mlosQ nq[k dks ns[k iwjs 'kgj osQ yksx nq[kh gks mBs
FksA muosQ izfr lcdh lgkuqHkwfr FkhA bl cqf<+;k dh Hkk¡fr dksbZ Vhdk&fVIi.kh djus okyk ugha FkkA osQoy blfy, fd
;g ?kVuk ,d laHkzkar ifjokj esa ?kfVr gqbZ FkhA

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mRrj (iii) y
 s[kd ;g varj ns[k foaQdrZO; foew<+&lk gks x;k FkkA mldh lksp dh xfr #d xbZ FkhA ,slh n'kk esa og yksxksa ls
Bksdjsa [kkrk vkxs c<+rk tk jgk FkkA
xn~;ka'k & 5
mRrj (i) cqf<+;k osQ fo"k; esa iwNus ij irk pyk&ijlksa cqf<+;k dk ,dek=k csVk [kjcw”kksa dh csy ls iosQ [kjcw”ks ryk'k jgk
Fkk fd ,dk,d mldk ik¡o csyksa osQ uhps foJke dj jgs lk¡i ij iM+ x;kA lk¡i us mls M¡l fy;kA cqf<+;k us cgqr
izk;Ru fd,] vks>s cqyok,] >kM+&iwQ¡d djokbZ ij mldk yM+dk u cp ldkA
mRrj (ii) ?kj esa Hkxokuk gh ,dek=k lnL; FkkA ftlij cw<+h ek¡] choh vkSj cPPkksa osQ Hkj.k&iks"k.k dk Hkkj FkkA Hkxokuk dks
lk¡i M¡l ysus ij tks oqQN ?kj essa tek&iw¡th Fkh] lc mldks cpkus esa yx xbZA tks vkdh&ckdh tek&iw¡th Fkh Hkxokuk
osQ fozQ;k&deZ esa yx xbZA nwljs fnu ?kj esa [kjcw”ks osQ flok; vUu dk ,d d.k Hkh ugha cpk Fkk ftlls cPpksa dk
isV Hkjk tk losQA foo'k gksdj cqf<+;k dks [kjcw”ks ysdj cSBuk iM+kA
mRrj (iii) Hkw[k ls fcy&fcykrs cPpksa dks cqf<+;k us [kkus osQ fy, [kjcw”ks fn,A
vU; egRoiw.kZ iz'u
vfr y?kwRrjkRed iz'u
mRrj 1- Hkxokuk osQ ?kj esa mldh cw<+h ek¡] iRuh vkSj ,d csVk&csVh FksA
mRrj 2- Hkxokuk dh e`R;q lk¡i osQ M¡l ysus osQ dkj.k gqbZA
mRrj 3- vc csVs dh e`R;q gks tkus osQ dkj.k mls oqQN m/kj Hkh u feyus okyk FkkA
mRrj 4- [kjcw”ks cspusokyh ls dksbZ [kjcw”ks ugha [kjhn jgk Fkk D;ksafd og viuk eqg¡ <¡ddj iQiQd&iQiQd dj jks jgh FkhA
mRrj 5- ml L=kh dks jksrk ns[kdj ys[kd osQ eu esa ,d O;Fkk&lh mBhA
mRrj 6- ys[kd osQ cqf<+;k osQ ikl u cSBus dk dkj.k ys[kd n~okjk /kj.k dh xbZ iks'kkd FkhA
mRrj 7- lekt esa izk;% euq"; dk vf/dkj vkSj mldk n”kkZ lgwfy;r vkSj nq[kh gksus osQ vf/dkj n~okjk fuf'pr gSA
mRrj 8- iqQVikFk ij] Mfy;k esa vkSj ”kehu ij fcdus osQ fy, [kjcw”ks j[ks FksA
mRrj 9- [kjcw”ks cspusokyh L=kh dk yM+dk 23 o"kZ dk FkkA
mRrj 10- laHkzkar efgyk osQ iq=k dh e`R;q gks xbZ FkhA iq=k&'kksd osQ vk?kkr ls mUgsa ianzg&ianzg feuV ij eqPNkZ vk tkrh FkhA
mRrj 11- yM+dk vius ?kj dk fuokZg [ksrh djosQ djrk FkkA
mRrj 12- laHkzkar efgyk iq=k dh e`R;q osQ ckn <kbZ ekl rd iyax ls ugha mB ikbZA
mRrj 13- [kjcw”ks cspusokyh L=kh osQ csVs dk uke Hkxokuk FkkA
mRrj 14- yM+osQ dk iSSj lk¡i ij iM+ x;k FkkA
mRrj 15- liZ osQ fo"k ls Hkxokuk dk cnu dkyk iM+ x;kA
y?kwRrjkRed iz'u
mRrj 1- ys[kd vkl&ikl osQ nqdkunkjksa n~okjk [kjcw”kk cspus okyh L=kh osQ fo"k; esa frjLdkjiw.kZ dFku vkSj mlosQ
iQiQd&iQiQd dj jksuk ns[kdj O;fFkr gks mBkA mlosQ eu esa ml L=kh osQ izfr tkudkjh izkIr djus dh ftKklk mBh]
ijarq og mlosQ ikl cSB ugha ldrk Fkk D;ksafd mlosQ iks'kkd mlosQ ikl cSBus esa ck/d cu jgk FkkA
mRrj 2- lk¡i M¡l ysus osQ ckn cqf<+;k Hkxokuk dks cpkus osQ fy, ckoyh gksdj vks>k cqyk ykbZA mldh >kM+&iwQ¡d djkbZA
cgqfo/ ukx nso dh iwtk djkbZA iwtk osQ fy, nku&nf{k.kk Hkh fn,A ?kj esa tks vkVk&nky&vukt Fkk] nf{k.kk esa pyk
x;kA lc laHko iz;Ru djus ij Hkh cqf<+;k mls u cpk ldhA
mRrj 3- c k”kkj esa cSBh cqf<+;k [kjcw”kk cspdj nwljs osQ /eZ&bZeku dks gkfu igq¡pk jgh FkhA bldk dkj.k Fkk mlosQ ?kj 13 fnu
dk lwrd yxukA ftlosQ ?kj fdlh dh e`R;q gks tk,] mlosQ ?kj 13 fnu rd lwrd gks tkrk gSA lwrd osQ fnuksa esa

3
 fdlh dks oqQN fn;k ugha tk ldrkA cqf<+;k rks mlh fnu ls [kjcw”kk cspuk 'kq: dj fn;k FkkA ,slk dj og [kjhnus
okys osQ /eZ dks u"V dj jgh FkhA
mRrj 4- ¯gnw /eZ osQ vuqlkj tUe vkSj e`R;q osQ ckn oqQN fu/kZfjr fnuksa rd gksus okyk v'kkSp] ftuesa lHkh izdkj osQ /kfeZd
o`QR; laiUu djuk oftZr gSA lwrd ,d rjg dk v'kqn~/ okrkoj.k ekuk x;k gS ftlosQ nkSjku izo`Qfr laosnu'khy gks
tkrh gSA ,sls le; vugksuh gksus dh vk'kadk vf/d gksrh gSA
mRrj 5- izLrqr ikB esa fuEu oxZ dk thou cgqr gh n;uh; crk;k x;k gSA mPp oxZ osQ yksxksa osQ chp fuEu oxZ dh Hkkoukvksa]
ihM+k dk dksbZ ewY; ugha gksrkA izLrqr ikB esa Hkxokuk dh ek¡ iq=k&'kksd dh ihM+k dks ân; esa fNik, vkSj fdu
ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ck”kkj esa [kjcw”kk D;ksa vkSj fdu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa cspus pyh vkbZ] bl ckr dks le>us dh iqQlZr mPp
oxhZ; yksxksa osQ ikl ugha gSA mldk ,dek=k dkj.k gS mldk fuEu oxZ dk gksukA
mRrj 6- euq"; osQ thou esa iks'kkd dk cgqr egRo gSA iks'kkd O;fDr osQ O;fDrRo] #fp vkSj lkekftd Lrj dks O;Dr djus
dk l'kDr ekè;e gSA iks'kkd O;fDr osQ #fp] mldh izo`Qfr dk ifjp; nsus esa cgqr enn djrk gSA iks'kkd gh O;fDr
osQ vkfFkZd Lrj dk izFke ifjp; nsus dk ekè;e gSA
mRrj 7- cqf<+;k osQ nq[k dks ns[kdj vkSj mlosQ izfr vkl&ikl osQ yksxksa n~okjk dgh xbZ ckrsa vkSj frjLdkj iw.kZ O;ogkj ns[kdj
ys[kd dks laHkzkar efgyk osQ iq=k&'kksd dh ?kVuk ;kn vk xbZ vkSj og nksuksa essa rqyuk djus yxkA ,d osQ iq=k&'kksd esa
iwjk 'kgj larIr gks mBk Fkk] vkSj cqf<+;k osQ iq=k&'kksd esa yksxksa dh ân;&'kwU; ckrsaA ys[kd dks fuEu oxZ vkSj mPp
oxZ dk varj Li"V fn[kkbZ nsus yxkA
mRrj 8- ys[kd ml L=kh osQ jksus dk dkj.k blfy, ugha tku ldk D;ksafd ml L=kh osQ ikl cSBus esa mlosQ iks'kkd ck/d cu
x, FksA
mRrj 9- yM+osQ dh e`R;q osQ nwljs gh fnu cqf<+;k [kjcw”ks cspus blfy, pyh xbZ fd mlosQ ?kj esa vUu osQ ,d d.k ugha cps
Fks ftlls og ?kj esa nks vcks/ cPpksa] cq[kkj ls rirh cgw dkss [kkus dks oqQN ns losQA ?kj esa tks vkVk&nky Fkk] og
Hkxokuk osQ nok] iwtk&ikB vkSj fozQ;k&deZ esa [kpZ gks pqdk FkkA mnj iwfrZ osQ fy, ;g lc djuk mldh foo'krk
FkhA
fuca/kRed iz'u
mRrj 1- tc ys[kd dks Hkxokuk dh e`R;q] mldh vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd fLFkfr dk irk pyrk gS rks mldk eu O;fFkr gks
mBrk gSA mlls Hkh ”;knk ihM+k ys[kd dks ck”kkj esa vkl&ikl osQ yksxksa n~okjk cqf<+;k osQ fy, iz;qDr dVwfDr;k¡ lqudj
gksrh gSA ;g lkekftd oxZ&Hksn ns[kdj ys[kd dks vius iM+ksl dh iq=k&'kksd ls nq[kh ,d efgyk dh ;kn vk tkrh
gS ftuosQ iq=k&'kksd esa iwjk 'kgj 'kkfey FkkA ys[kd ;g lkspus yxrk gS& xe eukus osQ fy, Hkh ^lgwfy;r* pkfg,
vkSj nq[kh gksus dk Hkh ,d vf/dkj gksrk gS] tks de&ls&de fuEu oxZ osQ ikl ugha gh gksrkA
mRrj 2- fganh esa ,d izpfyr dgkor gS& ¶tkosQ ik¡o u iQVh fcokbZ] lks D;k tkus ihj&ijkbZA¸ ;g dgkuh ^nq[k dk
vf/dkj* bldh iqf"V djrh gSA vkt tc vehj oxZ osQ Åij dksbZ d"V vkrk gS rks mldh ihM+k dks le>k tkrk
gS] ijarq ;fn og d"V ,d fu/Zu vlgk; osQ mQij iM+rk gS rks rjg&rjg dh laosnughu ckrsa dh tkrh gSA tSlk fd
iq=k&'kksd ls xzLr cqf<+;k tc [kjcw”kk cspus ck”kkj esa vkrh gS rks mlosQ fy, cukrs gSaA dksbZ Hkh mldh ifjfLFkfr;ksa
ij fopkj ugha djrk fd vkf[kj og D;ksa [kjcw”kk cspus vk;h gS tcfd dy gh mldk toku csVk ejk gSA ;g ckr
laHkzkar oxZ dh ân;&ghurk dh iksy [kksyrh gSA
mRrj 3- mi;qZDr iafDr;ksa osQ ekè;e lss vehj oxZ n~okjk xjhc oxZ dh etcwfj;ksa vkSj foo'krkvksa dk migkl mM+k;k x;k gSA
ftudk isV Hkjk gksrk gS] mUgsa jksVh dh vgfe;r ugha ekywe gksrhA os jksVh dks ,d lk/kj.k vko';drk le>rs gSaA
okLrfodrk ;g gS fd jksVh cgqr egRoiw.kZ oLrq gSA ;n~;fi mi;qDZ r dFku ,d vehj n~okjk cqf<+;k osQ izfr ?k`.kk O;Dr
djus osQ fy, dgk x;k gS] ijarq lR; ij vk/kfjr gSA jksVh osQ fy, cMs&+ cMs+ jktk&egkjktk >qoQs gS]a Hkw[k dh ihM+k esa csVs
osQ gkFk ls jksVh fNuus dk ,sfrgkfld izek.k gSA ysfdu vehj oxZ vius lk/u laiUu gksus osQ vgadkj esa lc oqQN Hkwy tkrk
gS vkSj xjhc dk migkl mM+krk gSA

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mRrj 4- izLrqr ikB esa ys[kd iq=k&'kksd ls xzLr cqf<+;k osQ izfr vehj yksxksa dh laosnughu dVwfDr;k¡ lqudj cgqr O;fFkr gksrk
gSA mls vius iM+ksl dh ,d laHkzkar efgyk osQ iq=k&'kksd dh ?kVuk ;kn vk tkrh gS ftlosQ nq[k esa iwjk 'kgj 'kjhd
gks x;k FkkA ;g varj ns[k&ys[kd lkspus yxrk gS& nq[kh gksus dk vf/dkj Hkh lhfer gSA ;g lcosQ ikl ugha gksrkA
;g osQoy vehj oxZ osQ ikl gksrk gSA xjhc oxZ osQ ikl rks fcyoqQy ugha gksrkA
mRrj 5- ck”kkj osQ yksx [kjcw”ks cspusokyh osQ fo"k; esa rjg&rjg dh ckrsa dg jgs Fks vkSj mldh xjhch vkSj csclh dk migkl
dj jgs FksA mldh eu dh ihM+k o ifjfLFkfr dks le>us osQ fy, dksbZ ugha rS;kj FkkA yksx dg jgs Fks& ¶vc D;k
tekuk vk x;k gS! vHkh yM+osQ dks ejs nks fnu Hkh ugha chrk vkSj ;g csg;k nqdku yxkus pyh vkbZ gSA¸ rks nwljs
lkgc dg jgs Fks] ¶vjs tSlh uh;r gksrh gS] vYyk oSlh gh cjdr nsrk gSA¸ ,d rhljs lTtu dg jgs Fks& ¶vjs
,sls yksxksa dk D;k! ;s yksx jksVh osQ fy, nhu&bZeku] csVk&csVh] [kle&yqxkbZ lc oqQN ns ldrs gSa] osQoy bUgsa jksVh
pkfg,A¸ blh rjg dksbZ dg jgk Fkk& ¶blosQ ;gk¡ lwrd gS ijarq bUgsa nwljs osQ /eZ&bZeku ls D;k ysukA budk LokFkZ
iwjk gksuk pkfg,A¸
mRrj 6- ikl&iM+ksl dh nqdkuksa ls iwNus ij irk pyk fd cqf<+;k dk ,d 23 lky dk yM+dk FkkA ?kj esa mldh cgw vkSj
iksrk&iksrh gSaA yM+dk 'kgj osQ ikl Ms<+ ch?kk ”kehu ysdj mlesa dfp;kjh dk dke djrk Fkk vkSj ifjokj dk [kpZ
pykrk FkkA ,d fnu tc og [kjcw”kk rksM+us [ksr esa x;k rks mls lk¡i us M¡l fy;kA cqf<+;k us >kM+&iw¡Qd vkSj lk¡i
dh iwtk vkfn lHkh mik; fd,A ?kj esa tks tek&iw¡th Fkh lc yxk fn, ijarq yM+osQ dks u cpk ldhA ?kj dk vkVk]
vukt lc nf{k.kk esa pyk x;kA fdlh rjg e`r csVs dk laLdkj fd;kA ?kj esa vUu dk ,d d.k ugha FkkA cgw cw[kkj
ls ri jgh FkhA cPps Hkw[k ls fcyfcyk jgs FksA csVs osQ ej tkus ls m/kj Hkh ugha feyus okyk FkkA vc mls ck”kkj
esa vkdj [kjcw”ks cspus osQ flok dksbZ pkjk ughaa jg x;k FkkA
mRrj 7- Hkxokuk dh ek¡ ,d x¡okj cw<+h efgyk Fkh tks iwjh rjg ls va/fo'okl dks gh lR; ekurh gSA mlh dk ifj.kke Fkk
fd Hkxokuk dks lk¡i osQ M¡l ysus osQ ckn os mipkj Lo:i vks>k dks cqykrh gSa] >kM+&i¡wQd djokus ,oa ukx&iwtk esa
fo'okl djrh gSaA os iwjh rjg vui<+ gSa ijarq eerk vkSj viuRo dk izokg i<+h&fy[kh L=kh dh vis{kk muesa vf/d
gSA ;gh dkj.k gSA fd iq=k&'kksd ls vkgr gksus ij Hkh os Hkxokuk osQ cPpksa dh Hkw[k ugha cnkZ'r dj ikrh vkSj [kjcw”kk
ysdj ck”kkj esa cspus fudy iM+rh gSa vkSj ck”kkj esa vkl&ikl osQ 'kCn ck.k dk f'kdkj curh gSaA
mRrj 8- ys[kd us cqf<+;k osQ nq[k dk vank”kk mlosQ eq¡g <¡ddj iQiQd&iQiQd dj jksus ls yxk;k vkSj tc og cqf<+;k osQ
jksus dk dkj.k tkuk rks ml iq=k fo;ksfxuh osQ nq[k dk vank”kk yxkus osQ fy, fiNys o"kZ vius iM+ksl esa iq=k dh e`R;q
ls nq[kh ekrk dh ckr lkspus yxkA og laHkzkar efgyk iq=k dh e`R;q osQ ckn v<+kbZ eghus rd fcLrj ls u mB ldhA
mls izR;sd 15&15 feuV ckn ewPNkZ vk tkrh rFkk ewPNkZ u vkus dh voLFkk esa muosQ us=kksa ls vk¡lw gjne fxjrs
jgrsA muosQ fljgkus gjne nks MkWDVj cSBs jgrsA ys[kd lksprk] vkf[kj bl cqf<+;k dk Hkh toku iq=k ejk gSA iq=k osQ
fo;ksx esa mls Hkh vikj ihM+k gksxh ijarq varj fuEu oxZ vkSj mPp oxZ dk gSA
mRrj 9- bl ikB dk 'kh"kZd ^nq[k dk vf/dkj* iw.kZ :i ls lkFkZd fln~/ gksrk gS D;ksafd ;g vfHkO;Dr djrk gS fd nq[k
izdV djus dk vf/dkj O;fDr dh ifjfLFkfr osQ vuqlkj gksrk gSA ;n~;fi nq[k djus ;k nq[kh gksus dk vf/dkj lHkh
dk gSA xjhc cqf<+;k vkSj laHkzkar efgyk& nksuksa dk nq[k ,d leku gh FkkA nksuksa osQ iq=kksa dh e`R;q gks xbZ Fkh] ijarq
laHkzkar efgyk osQ ikl lgwfy;rsa Fkha] le; Fkk blfy, og cgqr fnuksa rd nq[k euk ldhA cqf<+;k xjhc Fkh] og bruk
yack 'kksd ugha euk ldrh Fkh D;ksafd mlosQ ikl bruh lgwfy;rsa ugha FkhaA blfy, ikB dk 'kh"kZd loZFkk lkFkZd gSA

ikBµ2
,ojsLV% esjh f'k[kj ;k=kk
xn~;ka'k ij vk/kfjr iz'u
xn~;ka'k & 1
mRrj (i) tc ,ojsLV ;k=kk vfHk;ku ny iSfjp igq¡pk] gesa fgeL[kyu osQ dkj.k gqbZ ,d 'ksjik oqQyh dh e`R;q dk nq[kn lekpkj
feykA ;g fgeL[kyu [kqaHkq fgeikr ij tkus okys vfHk;ku ny osQ jkLrs osQ ckbZ rj i- Q lh/h igkM+h osQ /ldus ls
YgksRls dh vksj ls ,d cgqr cM+h c-iZQ dh pV~Vku uhps f[kld vkbZ FkhA ftlls lksgj 'ksjik oqQfy;ksa osQ ,d ny esa
,d dh e`R;q gks xbZ vkSj pkj ?kk;y gks x,A

5
mRrj (ii) ;k=kk vfHk;ku ny osQ usrk duZy [kqYyj us vfHk;ku ny osQ psgjs ij vk, volkn dks ns[kdj fLFkfr dks Li"V djrs
gq, dgk fd ,ojsLV tSls egku vfHk;ku esa [krjksa dks vkSj dHkh&dHkh rks e`R;q Hkh vkneh dks lgt Hkko ls Lohdkj
djuh pkfg,A
mRrj (iii) izsepan 26 ekpZ dks iSfjp ykSV vk,A
xn~;ka'k & 2
mRrj (i) csl oSQai esa ioZrkjksfg;ksa lsa feyus rsu ftax viuh lcls NksVh lqiq=kh Msdh osQ lkFk feyus vk,A mUgksaus bl ckr ij
fo'ks"k egRo fn;k fd ny osQ izR;sd lnL; vkSj izR;sd 'ksjik oqQyh ls ckrphr dh tk,A ysf[kdk us tc mUgsa viuk
igyk ifjp; fn;k rks vius dks ukSflf[k;k crk;k vkSj dgk fd ;g esjk igyk vfHk;ku gSA ;g lqu og g¡l iMs+A
mRrj (ii) cPksanzh us mUgas viuk igyk ifjp; ukSflf[k;k osQ :i esa fn;k vkSj ,ojsLV vfHk;ku esjk igyk vfHk;ku gSA cPksanzh
dh ckr lqu rsu ftax g¡l iMs+ vkSj mlls cksys fd ,ojsLV muosQ fy, Hkh igyk vfHk;ku gSA
mRrj (iii) vkusokys O;fDr rsu ftax Fks ftUgksaus cPksanzh ls viuh ,ojsLV ;k=kk dk vuqHko ck¡Vk] D;ksasfd cPksanzh Hkh ,ojsLV dh
;k=kk ij FkhA
xn~;ka'k & 3
mRrj (i) fo'kkydk; fgeiqat ,Dlizsl jsyxkM+h dh rs”k xfr vkSj fo'kky xtZuk osQ lkFk uhps rs”k <yku dh rj i- Q rs”kh ls
yq<+d dj uhps vkdj ioZrkjksfg;ksa osQ oSQai dks rgl&ugl dj fn;kA ;n~fi bl fge[kaM ls gekjs lHkh lkfFk;ksa dks
pksV yxh Fkh ijarq oSQai iwjh rjg ls u"V gks x;k FkkA
mRrj (ii) yksilkax viuh fLol Nqjh osQ ekè;e ls gekjs racw dk ekxZ lki- Q djus esa liQy gks x, vkSj Iywe ls gesa cpkus dh
dksf'k'k esa yx x,A ;fn os FkksM+h Hkh nsj dj nsrk rks fuf'pr :i ls e`R;q laHko FkhA yksilkax us cM+s&cM+s fgefiaMkas
dks dfBukbZ ls gjkrs gq, vkSj dMs+ cjI+kQ dh [kqnkbZ djosQ eq>s cjI+kQ dh dcz ls ckgj fudkyus esa liQy gks x,A
mRrj (iii) yksilkax us fLol Nqfj;ksa dh lgk;rk ls racw dk jkLrk lk-iQ fd;kA
xn~;ka'k & 4
mRrj (i) ysf[kdk dh lk¡l #dus dk dkj.k Fkk nf{k.kh f'k[kj osQ mQij gok dh xfr c<+ xbZ FkhA rs”k gok osQ >ksosQ esa c-iZQ
osQ Hkqj&Hkqjs d.k mM+us osQ dkj.k n`';rk lekIrizk; gks xbZ FkhA dbZ ckj ns[kk fd osQoy FkksM+h nwj osQ ckn dksbZ p<+kbZ
ugha gSA <yku ,dne uhps lh/k pyk x;k gSA mUgsa yxk] os f'k[kj dh pksVh ij igq¡p xbZ gSaA ;g lksp mudh lk¡l
#drh&lh izrhr gqbZA mUgsa yxus yxk Fkk] liQyrk cgqr fudV gSA
mRrj (ii) ysf[kdk 23 ebZ] 1984 osQ fnu nksigj osQ ,d ctdj lok feuV ij ,ojsLV dh pksVh ij [kM+h FkhA ysf[kdk ,ojsLV
dh pksVh ij igq¡pus okyh fo'o dh izFke efgyk cuhaA mUgkssaus bfrgkl esa ,d u;k dhfrZeku jp fn;kA
mRrj (iii) n`';rk dk vFkZ gSµ fn[kkbZ nsukA ,ojsLV pksVh osQ mQij cjI+kQ osQ d.k osQ flok oqQN fn[kkbZ ugha nsrkA n`';rk lekIr
gks xbZ FkhA
xn~;ka'k & 5
mRrj (i) fdlh Hkh O;fDr dh liQyrk osQ ihNs ekrk&firk n~okjk fn, x, laLdkj] lkgl] /S;Z vkSj deZBrk gksrh gSA ysf[kdk
dh bl vHkwriwoZ liQyrk osQ ihNs muosQ ekrk&firk n~okjk iznRr vPNs laLdkj gh Fks ftuosQ cy ij os fo'o esa ,d
dhfrZeku LFkkfir djus esa liQy gqb±A blfy, mUgksaus fgeky; osQ loksZPp ij vius ekrk&firk dk è;ku fd;kA
mRrj (ii) ,ojsLV osQ f'k[kj ij igq¡p tkus osQ ckn ogk¡ txg dh deh osQ dkj.k loZizFke ysf[kdk us lqjf{kr [kM+k gksus osQ
fy, iQkoMs+ ls [kqnkbZ djosQ lqjf{kr LFkku cuk;kA
mRrj (iii) ysf[kdk us f'k[kj ij gh ?kqVus osQ cy cSBs&cSBs vius >ksys ls nqxkZekrk dk fp=k] guqeku pkyhlk fudyh mls yky
oL=k essa yisVdj iwtk&vpZuk dh vkSj ogha cj i- Q esa nck fn;kA
xn~;ka'k & 6
mRrj (i) usikfy;ksa esa ,ojsLV ^lkxjekFkk* uke ls izfln~/ gSA ysf[kdk us loZizFke ueps ck”kkj tks fd 'ksjik ySaM dk lcls
vf/d egRoiw.kZ uxjh; {ks=k gS] ogha lss loZizFke ,ojsLV ioZr f'k[kj osQ n'kZu fd,A

6
mRrj (ii) ,ojsLV dh rji- Q xkSj ls ns[kus ij ysf[kdk dks ,d Hkkjh cji- Q dk cM+k iwQy (Iywe) fn[kkbZ fn;k tks ioZr f'k[kj ij
ygjkrk ,d èot&lk yx jgk FkkA eq>s crk;k x;k fd ;g n`'; f'k[kj dh mQijh lrg osQ vkl&ikl 150 fdyksehVj
vFkok blls Hkh vf/d dh xfr ls gok pyus osQ dkj.k curk FkkA cj i- Q dk ;g èot 10 fdyksehVj ;k blls Hkh
yack gks ldrk FkkA
mRrj (iii) ysf[kdk ,ojsLV osQ izfr fo'ks"k :i ls vkdf"kZr FkhA
xn~;ka'k & 7
mRrj (i) ysf[kdk osQ csl oSQai igq¡pus ls igys gh mls jlksbZ lgk;d dh e`R;q dk lekpkj feykA bldh e`R;q dk dkj.k Fkk
tyok;q dk vuqowQy u gksukA fuf'pr :i ls ml le; okrkoj.k vuqowQy fLFkfr esa ugha FkkA
mRrj (ii) c-iZQ dh pV~Vkuksa osQ fxjus dk eq[; dkj.k Xysf'k;j gSaA vR;f/d fgeikr osQ dkj.k Xysf'k;j osQ cgus ls izk;% cji- Q
esa gypy gks tkrh Fkh ftlls cj i- Q dh cM+h&cM+h pV~Vkuasa rRdky fxj tk;k djrh gSaA cj i- Q dh pV~Vkuksa osQ fxjus
osQ vkSj Hkh dkj.k Fks ftlls fLFkfr cgqr Hk;kog gks mBrh FkhA
mRrj (iii) ysf[kdk osQ izokl osQ nkSjku fgeikr izfrfnu yxHkx ,d ntZu vkjksfg;ksa vkSj oqQfy;ksa dks Nwrk FkkA
vU; egRoiw.kZ iz'u
vfr y?kwRrjkred iz'u
mRrj 1- ysf[kdk esa ,ojsLV f'k[kj osQ izfr vkd"kZ.k FkkA
mRrj 2- cPksanzh iky us ,ojsLV dh rjI+kQ Hkkjh cj i- Q dk cM+k&lk iwQy (Iywe) ns[kkA
mRrj 3- ysf[kdk dks liQyrk osQ {k.k esa vius ekrk&firk dh ;kn vkbZA
mRrj 4- vfxze ny dk usr`Ro izsepan dk jgk FkkA
mRrj 5- ysf[kdk dks ^lkxjekFkk* uke blfy, vPNk yxk fd ;fn lkxj osQ iSj ufn;k¡ gSa rks lcls mQ¡ph pksVh mldk eLrd
gSA
mRrj 6- fgeL[kyu ls lksyg 'ksjik oqQfy;ksa esa ls ,d dh e`R;q gks xbZ vkSj pkj ?kk;y gks x, FksA
mRrj 7- jlksbZ lgk;d dh e`R;q dk dkj.k tyok;q dk vuqowQy u gksuk FkkA
mRrj 8- oSQai pkj 29 vizSy dks 7900 ehVj dh mQ¡PkkbZ ij lkmFk dksy esa yxk;k x;kA
mRrj 9- ,ojsLV vfHk;ku ny 7 ekpZ dks fnYyh ls dkBekaMw osQ fy, gokbZ tgk”k ls jokuk gqvkA
mRrj 10- vfxze ny dks igys Hkstus dk mn~ns'; Fkk] fgeikr osQ dkj.k nqxZe jkLrs dks lk-iQ djuk rkfd csl oSQai vklkuh ls
igq¡pk tk losQA
mRrj 11- ueps ck”kkj 'ksjik ySaM dk lokZf/d egRoiw.kZ uxjh; {ks=k gSA
mRrj 12- Hkkjh cj-iQ dk cM+k iwQy (Iywe) ioZrf'k[kj ij ygjkrk ,d èot&lk yx jgk FkkA
mRrj 13- cj-iQ dk èot 10 fdyksehVj ;k blls Hkh vf/d gks ldrk FkkA
mRrj 14- 'ksjik oqQyh dh e`R;q fgeL[kyu osQ dkj.k gqbZ FkhA
mRrj 15- miusrk iszepan 26 ekpZ dks iSfjp ykSV vk,A
mRrj 16- ^csl oSQai* igq¡pus ls igys ysf[kdk dks ,d 'ksjik oqQyh dh e`R;q dk nq[kn lekpkj feykA
mRrj 17- jhrk xksacw vkSj o cpsanzh iky okWdh&VkWdh osQ ekè;e ls vius izR;sd dne dh tkudkjh csl oSaQi dks Hkst jgh FkhaA
mRrj 18- oSQai&,d ij igq¡pus okyh efgyk Fkha& cpsanzh iky vkSj jhrk xksacwA
mRrj 19- ^csl oSQai* esa cpsanzh iky us vius dks ukSflf[kvk dgdj ifjp; fn;kA
mRrj 20- f'k[kj ij igq¡pus ls igys rsu ftax dks lkr ckj ,ojsLV tkuk iM+k FkkA

7
y?kwRrjkRed iz'u
mRrj 1- ,ojsLV vfHk;ku izkjaHk gksus ls igys gesa ,d 'ksjik oqQyh dh e`R;q dk lekpkj feyk mldh e`R;q fgeL[kyu osQ
dkj.k gqbZ Fkh [kqaHkq fge;kr ij tkusokys vfHk;ku ny osQ jkLrs osQ ckb± rj-iQ lh/h igkM+h osQ /ldus ls YgksRls dh
vksj ls ,d cgqr cM+h cj i- Q dh pV~Vku uhps f[kld vkbZ FkhA
mRrj 2- rsu ftax ukWjxs ,d izfln~/ usikyh ioZrkjksgh Fksa ftUgksaus ,ojsLV pksVh ij loZizFke iSj j[kus esa liQyrk izkIr dh FkhA
osQnkjukFk ij Hkh bUgksaus loZizFke igq¡pus esa liQyrk ikbZ FkhA mUgkssaus cpsanzh iky osQ da/s ij gkFk j[krs gq, dgk&
¶rqe ,d iDdh ioZrh; yM+dh yxrh gksA rqEgsa rks f'k[kj ij igys gh iz;kl esa igq¡p ikuk pkfg,A¸
mRrj 3- c psanzh iky dh ,ojsLV ;k=kk esa ny osQ usrk duZy [kqYyj] miusrk izsepan] 'ksjik iqQfy;ksa dk ny] jhrk xksacw] vaxnksjth]
yksilkax vkSj Hkxu ehuw vkfn dk egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku jgkA duZy [kqYyj ny dh gkSlyk vkiQtkbZ djrs jgsA vaxnksjth
osQ izksRlkgu us gh ysf[kdk dks ,ojsLV ij fot; izkIr djus dk lkgl fn;kA
mRrj 4-  uZy [kqYyj ysf[kdk dh liQyrk ij cgqr izlUu FksA mUgksaus c/kbZ nsrs gq, dgk& ¶eSa rqEgkjh bl vuwBh miyfC/
d
osQ fy, rqEgkjs ekrk&firk dks c/kbZ nsuk pkg¡wxkA blosQ vkxs mUgksaus dgk& ^ns'k dks rqe ij xoZ gS vkSj vc rqe ,sls
lalkj esa okil tkvksxh tks rqEgkjs vius ihNs NksM+s gq, lalkj ls ,dne fHkUu gksxkA*
mRrj 5- vfxze ny dk usr`Ro dj jgs miusrk iszepan 26 ekpZ dks iSfjp ykSV vk,A mUgksaus ekxZ esa vkus okyh lcls cM+h ck/k
[kqaHkq osQ fgeikr osQ fo"k; esa tkudkjh nh] lkFk gh ;g Hkh crk;k fd muosQ ny us 6000 ehVj fLFkr oaSQi& ,d
tks fd d fgeikr osQ Bhd mQij gS] ogk¡ rd dk jkLrk lk i- Q dj fn;k gSA ;g Hkh crk;k fd iqy cukdj jfLl;k¡
ck¡/dj rFkk >kfM+;k¡ yxkdj jkLrk fpg~fur dj fn;k x;k gSA
mRrj 6- MkW- ehuw esgrk us fuEufyf[kr tkudkfj;k¡ nhaµ
(i) vY;wfefu;e dh lhf<+;ksa ls vLFkk;h iwyksa dk cukukA
(ii) yV~Bksa vkSj jfLLk;ksa dk mi;ksx djukA
(ii) cjI+kQ dh vkM+h&frjNh nhokjksa ij jfLL;ksa dks ck¡/ukA
(iv) vfxze ny osQ vkfHk;kaf=kd dk;ksZ dh tkudkjh nhA
mRrj 7- ysf[kdk dks vxys fnu dh vkSj t; osQ lkFk gh vkxs p<+kbZ djuh FkhA ehuw esgrk ls tkudkjh feyus ij ysf[kdk
mudh lgk;rk osQ fy, uhps c<+haA t; mUgsa tsusok Lij dh pksVh osQ Bhd uhps feykA mlls ysf[kdk osQ izfr o`QrKrk
O;Dr djrs gq, pk; ihA og ysf[kdk dks vkxs tkus osQ fy, jksdus dh dksf'k'k dh ij oss u ekuhaA FkksM+k vkxs tkus
ij mls gh feykA ysf[kdk dks og gDdk&cDdk jg x;kA
mRrj 8-  ksilkax us viuh fLol Nqjh dh lgk;rk ls racw dk jkLrk lki- Q fd;k vkSj rhozrk ls ysf[kdk dks cpkus osQ iz;kl esa
y
yx x,A {k.k&{k.k dherh FkkA FkksM+h&lh nsj djus dk vFkZ Fkk lh/h ekSrA mUgksaus cM+s&cM+s fge[kaMksa dks eqf'dy ls
gVkrs gq, esjs pkjksa vksj teh gqbZ dM+h cj i- Q dks [kksndj ysf[kdk dks cj i- Q dh dcz ls ckgj fudkyuus esa dke;kc
gq,A
mRrj 9-  kmFk dksy oSQai igq¡pdj ysf[kdk vius vxys fnu dh egRoiw.kZ p<+kbZ dh rS;kjh 'kq: dj nhA mUgksaus oqQfdax xSl]
l
[kkuk rFkk oqQN vkWDlhtu flfyaMj ,d=k fd,A dy dh ;k=kk esa lkFk tkus okys dh] t; vkSj ehuw vHkh ihNs Fks
tks ysf[kdk dh fpark dk fo"k; FksA
fuca/kRed iz'u
mRrj 1- Iywe vFkkZr Hkkjh cjI+kQ dk cM+k iwQy mQ¡ps ioZr f'k[kjksa ij ygjkrk ,d èot&lk izrhr gksrk gSA tc f'k[kj dh
mQijh lrg osQ vkl&ikl 150 fdyksehVj vFkok blls Hkh vf/d dh xfr ls gok pyrh gS rc ;g n`'; curk gSA
bldk dkj.k gS lw[kh cjI+kQ dk gok dh rs”k xfr osQ dkj.k mM+ukA cjI+kQ dk ;g èot 10 fdyksehVj ;k blls Hkh
yack gks ldrk gSA
mRrj 2- , ojsLV f'k[kj ij p<+kbZ djuk ,d [krjukd vkSj jksekapiw.kZ dk;Z gSA blesa ix&ix ij e`R;q ;k fxjdj ?kk;y gksus
dh laHkkouk cuh jgrh gSA bl izdkj osQ lkgliw.kZ vkSj jksekap Hkjs vfHk;ku esa e`R;q dh laHkkouk osQ lkFk gh dne

8
 vkxs c<+kuk pkfg,A mi;qZDr dFku izlaxkuowQy gSA egku dk;Z djus ij egku miyfC/;ksa osQ lkFk&lkFk egku {kfr
gksus dh Hkh laHkkouk gksrh gSA bl rF; dks lgt Hkko ls Lohdkj djuk pkfg,A
mRrj 3- cpsanzh iky dks f'k[kj ij igq¡pus esa vusd dfBukb;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+kA igyh ?kVuk 15&16 ebZ] 1984 dks
YgksRls dh c-iQhZyh <yku ij yxs oSQai&3 esa ?kVhA ml fnu cqn~/iqf.kZek FkhA ysf[kdk <yku ij yxs ukbykWu osQ racw
esa FkhA oSQai esa 10 O;fDr vkSj FksA lHkh yksx lks jgs Fks fd jkr dks djhc 12%30 cts cj i- Q dh ,d cM+h pV~Vku
Xysf'k;j ls VwVdj vk fxjhA bl ?kVuk esa lHkh yksx pksVxzLr gks x,A bZ'oj dh o`Qik ls lcdh tku cp xbZA p<+kbZ
osQ le; BaMh c-i QhZyh gok,¡ Hkh ck/k [kM+h dj jgh Fkha ijarq vkjksgh ny lc ij fot; ikrk vius y{; dh vksj
c<+rk jgkA
mRrj 4-  fEefyr vfHk;ku esa ysf[kdk dh lg;ksx ,oa lgk;rk dh Hkkouk muosQ fuEufyf[kr dk;Z ls izdV gksrh gS& ysf[kdk
l
lkmFk dksy oSQai igq¡p xbZa ijarq muosQ lg;ksxh vkjksgh dh] t; vkSj ehuw vHkh ihNs jg x, Fks ftlls os fpafrr FkhaA
dy ysf[kdk dks mUgha osQ lkFk p<+kbZ djuh FkhA mUgksaus pk; vkSj twl Fkjel esa Hkj fy, vkSj mudh [kkst esa tkus
osQ fy, fudy iM+hA ckgj fudyrs gh mUgsa ehuw fey xbZA dh vkSj t; vc Hkh ihNs FksA og uhps mrj jgh Fkha
fd os tsusoLij dh pksVh osQ Bhd uhps t; feysA ysf[kdk us t; dks pk; fiyk;kA og mUgsa o`QrKrk O;Dr djrs
gh uhps tksus dks euk fd;k ijarq ysf[kdk dks dh osQ fo"k; esa tkudkjh ysrh Fkh vkSj uhps mrjus ij mUgsa dh fey
x;kA dh ysf[kdk osQ bl dk;Z ls gDdk&cDdk jg x;k vkSj cksyk& ^cpsanzh! rqeus bruk cM+k tksf[ke D;ksa fy;kA*
ysf[kdk us n`<+rkiwoZd tokc fn;k& ¶eSa Hkh vkSjks dh rjg ,d ioZrkjksgh gw¡ blfy, bl ny esa vkbZ gw¡A eq>s vius
ny osQ lnL;ksa dh enn D;ksa ugha djuh pkfg,\¸
mRrj 5- cj-i Q fiaM osQ fxjus dk o.kZu bl izdkj gS& 15&16 ebZ] 1984 dh jkrA ml fnu cqn~/iqf.kZek Fkh ysf[kdk YgksRls
dh ci- QhZyh lh/h <yku ij yxk, x, jaxhu ukbykWu osQ cus racw osQ oSQai&3 esa lks jgh FkhA oSQai esa 10 yksx vkSj Fks
jkr osQ djhc 12%30 cts ysf[kdk osQ flj ls dksbZ dBksj ph”k Vdjkus ls mldha uhan [kqy xbZ lkFk gh ,d tksjnkj
/ekdk gqvk rHkh ysf[kdk dks eglwl gqvk fd ,d cgqr BaMh] Hkkjh oLrq mlosQ 'kjhj ij ls oqQpyrs gq, py jgh
gSA ,d yack cj i- Q fiaM oSQai osQ Bhd mQij YgksRls Xysf'k;j ls VwV dj vk fxjk vkSj ,d fo'kky fgeiqat cu x;kA
fge[kaMksa] cj i- Q osQ VqdM+ksa rFkk teh gqbZ cj i- Q osQ bl fo'kkydk; iqat us ,d ,Dlizsl jsyxkM+h osQ leku rst xfr
ls Hkh"k.k xtZuk osQ lkFk lh/h <yku ls uhps vkrs gq, ysf[kdk osQ oSQai dks rgl&ugl dj fn;k FkkA
mRrj 6-  sf[kdk dks ns[kdj dh gDdk&cDdk jg x;kA bldk dkj.k Fkk bu tksf[ke Hkjs c-i QhZys ekxZ ls pydj mQij igq¡pk
y
gqvk O;fDr vius lkFkh dh fpark esa iqu% uhps vk,] ;g vn~Hkqr O;ogkj Fkk ysf[kdk dks ftls ns[k og vk'p;Zpfdr
gks x;k vkSj ysf[kdk ls iwN cSBk& ^rqeus bruh tksf[ke D;ksa yh cpsanzh\* ysf[kdk us dgk& ^D;k ioZrkjksfg;ksa dks ,d
nwljs dh lgk;rk djuk xyr gS! ge yksx ,d lkFk gSa rks izR;sd dk ,d nwljs dk lgk;rk djus dk nkf;Ro gSA*
ysf[kdk dh ckr lqudj g¡l iM+kA
mRrj 7- , ojsLV ij p<+us osQ fy, oqQy pkj oSQai yxk, x, FksA bl izdkj csl oSQai dks ysdj oqQy ik¡p oSQai FksA csl oSQai
iSfjp esa yxk FkkA oSQai ,d 6000 ehVj dh mQ¡pkbZ ij tks fgeikr osQ Bhd mQij gS] yxk;k FkkA blosQ chp esa
Xysf'k;j gSA oSQai&3 YgksRls dh ci- QhZyh <yku ij yxk;k x;k FkkA tgk¡ ysf[kdk osQ lkFk izk.k ?kkrd ?kVuk ?kVh FkhA
oSQai&pkj 7900 ehVj dh mQ¡pkbZ ij lkmFk dksy esa yxk;kA YgksRls esa gqbZ ?kVuk osQ ckn lHkh yksx oSQai nksa esa igq¡psA
ogk¡ ls ?kk;yksa dks csl oSQai esa ys tk;k x;kA
ikBµ3
rqe dc tkvksxs] vfrfFk
xn~;ka'k ij vk/kfjr iz'u
xn~;ka'k & 1
mRrj (i) ys[kd ?kj ij vk, vfrfFk dks oSQysaMj fn[kkdj rkjh[k cnyrs gSa ftlls vfrfFk dks ;kn vk tk, fd muosQ vk,
;gk¡ fdrus fnu gks x, gSaA vkfrF; osQ vuqlkj vfrfFk dks vfrfFk oQh gh Hkk¡fr #duk pkfg,A Hkkjr esa vkfrF; ijaijk
osQ vuqlkj vfrfFk dks ,d&nks fnu ls vf/d ugha jguk pkfg,A

9
mRrj (ii) ys[kd vfrfFk dh rqyuk varfj{k ;k=kh ls djrs gq, crk jgs gSa fd os Hkh pk¡n ij brus fnuksa rd ugha jgs tcfd yk[kksa
ehy dh ;k=kk djosQ x, FksA gs vfrfFk! rqe rks cgqr NksVh&lh ;k=kk djosQ vk, gks vkSj brus fnu rd #osQ gksA
mRrj (iii) vfrfFk pkj fnuksa ls ys[kd osQ ;gk¡ jg jgk gSA
xn~;ka'k & 2
mRrj (i) v
 frfFk osQ vkus ij ys[kd us vkfrF;&lRdkj vius Lrj ls mBdj fd;k vkSj mPp eè;e oxZ osQ leku jkf=kHkkst
fn;k Fkk] D;ksafd mUgsa Hkjkslk Fkk fd vfrfFk rks Hkwys&HkVosQ vkrs gSa vkSj rqjar pys tkrs gSaA bl mn~ns'; ls ys[kd us
esgeku osQ Lokxr esa jkf=kHkkst esa nks lfC”k;ksa rFkk jk;rs osQ vfrfjDr fe"VkUu Hkh fn;k FkkA bl lkjs mRlkg vkSj yxu
osQ ewy esa ,d gh vk'kk Fkh fd vfrfFk vius fny esa esgeku uokth dh Nki fy, nwljs fnu pys tk,¡xsA
mRrj (ii) e sgeku dk Lokxr ys[kd us bl vk'kk ls fd;k Fkk fd og nwljs fnu esgeku uokth dh Nki vius fny esa fy, pyk
tk,xkA ;n~;fi ys[kd vfrfFk ls #dus dk vkSipkfjd vkxzg djsxk ijarq ,d vPNs vfrfFk dh Hkk¡fr pyk tk,xkA
mRrj (iii) y
 s[kd us crk;k fd esgeku osQ Lokxr dk vafre Nksj nwljs fnu Hkkst osQ lkFk jkf=k esa flusek fn[kkuk gSA blls vf/d
esgeku uokth ys[kd us ugha dh gSA
xn~;ka'k & 3
mRrj (i) y
 s[kd vfrfFk ls dgrk gS] gs vfrfFk! rqEgkjs vfrfFk dh Hkk¡fr #dus dh lhek ikj dj tkus osQ ckn rqEgkjs uo vkxeu
osQ le; iwQy iM+us okyh eqLkoqQjkgV vc /hjs&/hjs iQhdh iM+dj yqIr gks xbZ gSA dy rd bl dejs esa Bgkdksa osQ
tks jaxhu xqCckjs mM+rs Fks vc fn[kkbZ ugha iM+rsA vkil osQ lHkh mRlkgiw.kZ okrkZyki can gks x, gSaA vc rqe eSx”khu
osQ iUus iyV jgs gks vkSj eSa miU;kl c<+ jgk gw¡A lkjs 'kCnksa osQ ysu&nsu lekIr gks x, vkSj ppkZ osQ fo"k; lekIr
gks x,A
mRrj (ii) y
 s[kd vkSj vfrfFk osQ chp vusd fo"k;ksa ij ppkZ gqbZ Fkh] tSls& ifjokj] cPps] ukSdjh] jktuhfr] f i- QYe] fj'rsnkjh]
rcknys] iqjkus nksLr] ifj;kstuk] eg¡xkbZ] lkfgR; vkSj ;gk¡ rd fd vk¡[k ekj&ekjdj iqjkuh izsfedkvksa dk Hkh f”kozQ
dj fy;k x;k FkkA
mRrj (iii) f”kozQ & ppkZ
'kuS%&'kuS% & /hjs&/hjsA
xn~;ka'k & 4
mRrj (i) v
 frfFk us izkr% ysf[kdk ls tc fdlh /ksch osQ fo"k; esa iwNk vkSj cksys& ^eSa diM+s /ksus osQ fy, /ksch dks nsuk pkgrk
gw¡A* ;g ckr lqu ys[kd dks ”kcjnLr vk?kkr yxkA ys[kd dks rks vis{kk Fkh fd vfrfFk ijaijk osQ vuqlkj vfrfFk
vkt vkfrF; dh Nki ân; esa /kj.k fd, izLFkku djsaxs] ijarq ;g rks /ksch dks diMs+ /ksus osQ fy, iwN jgs gSaA blls
ys[kd dks vk?kkr yxk tks vizR;kf'kr FkkA
mRrj (ii) v
 frfFk tc vfrfFk dh Hkk¡fr pyk vkrk gS vkSj vkfrF; xzg.k dk vkfrF; dh gh Hkk¡fr pyk tkrk gS rc og vfrfFk
nsork dh rjg gksrk gS vkSj tc og vfrfFk ijaijk osQ foijhr vf/d fnuksa rd jgus osQ fy, lkspus yxrk gS rc
og jk{kl dh rjg yxus yxrk gSA
mRrj (iii) vfrfFk osQ lkehI; dh osyk dh rqyuk ys[kd us jcj ls dh gSA
xn~;ka'k & 5
mRrj (i) oqQN cjl iwoZ ys[kd us iRuh dh cM+h&cM+h vk¡[ksa ns[k vius vosQysiu dh ;k=kk lekIr dk fcLrj [kksy fn;k FkkA
dgus dk vk'k; gS fd ys[kd iRuh dh cM+h&cM+h vk¡[ksa ns[kdj foeqX/ gks x;k Fkk vkSj ,dlw=k esa c¡/us dk fu.kZ;
dj fy;k FkkA ijarq vc tc iRuh dh vk¡[ksa cM+h gksus yxrh gSa rks ys[kd dk eu NksVk gksus yxrk gSA
mRrj (ii) y
 s[kd vfrfFk osQ fo"k; crk jgk gS fd tc og vfrfFk dh e;kZnk dks rkj&rkj dj ;gk¡ ls u Vyus dk bjknk O;Dr
djus yxk gS] rc ls psgjs dh lkjh izlUurk xk;c gks xbZ gSA yk.Mªh ls vk, oQiM+s /kj.k djus ij Hkh rqEgkjs bl
fu;fr dks ns[kdj eu NksVs gksus yxrk gSA rqEgsa ns[kdj iwQV iM+us okyh eqLkoQjkgV vc yqIr gksrh tk jgh gSA

10
mRrj (iii) vfrfFk osQ u tkus ij ys[kd osQ psgjs ij vkbZ izlUurk iQhdh iM+rh gqbZ vc yqIr gks xbZ gSA
xn~;ka'k & 6
mRrj (i) dy dh fdj.k osQ fo"k; esa crk;k x;k gS fd dy oks rqEgkjs fcLrj ij vk,xhA og rqEgkjs ;gk¡ vkus osQ ckn ik¡pok¡
fnu gksxk vFkkZr ik¡posa lw;Z dh ifjfpr fdj.k gksxhA vfrfFk] vk'kk gS og fdj.k rqEgsa pwesxh vkSj rqe ?kj ykSVus dk
lEekuiw.kZ fu.kZ; yksxsA og gekjh lgu'kfDr dh vafre lhek gksxhA
mRrj (ii) y
 s[kd dks yxrk gS fd vfrfFk vHkh tkus okyk ugha gS] vHkh vkSj BgjsxkA blh vk'kadk ls Hk;Hkhr gSA blhfy,
mls crkus dk iz;Ru dj jgk gS fd dy tks lqcg dh fdj.k og ns[ksxk] mlosQ vkxeu dh ik¡poha lqcg gksxhA vc
vkfrF; lRdkj dh lhek lekIr gks jgh gS vr% vki ;gk¡ ls izLFkku djsaA
mRrj (iii) vfrfFk nsork dk nsoRo mlosQ okil pys tkus ij gh lqjf{kr jgrk gSA
xn~;ka'k & 7
mRrj (i) ys[kd vfrfFk dks vkxkg djrs gq, dg jgk gS fd vc gekjs vfrfFk lRdkj dh lhek lekIr gks jgh gSA lRdkj esa
fMuj ls pys FksA vc f[kpM+h ij vk x, gaSA ;fn vki ,sls gh jgs rks miokl rd djuk iM+ ldrk gSA gekjs&rqEgkjs
fj'rs ,d laozQe.k ls xqtj jgs gSaA rqEgkjs tkus dk ;g pje{k.k gSA vr% rqe tkvks vfrfFkA
mRrj (ii) gkse dks LohV&gkse dgk gh blfy, x;k gS fd nwljs yksx fdlh osQ ?kj dh LohVusl dks dkVus u nkSM+s vFkkr~ fdlh
osQ ?kj dh lq[k&'kkafr u Nhu ysaA rqEgsa ;gk¡ vPNk yx jgk gS] ;g eSa le> jgk gw¡A ijarq ”kjk lkspks& 'kjkiQr Hkh
dksbZ ph”k gSA xsV vkmV Hkh ,d okD; gS] tks cksyk tk ldrk gSA ijarq eSa vHkh vkidh 'kjkiQr ns[k jgk gw¡A
mRrj (iii) vxj cl pyrk rks lHkh yksx nwljksa osQ ;gk¡ jgrsA
vU; egRoiw.kZ iz'u
vfr y?kwRrjkRed iz'u
mRrj 1- blfy, fd vfrfFk 'kkunkj esgeku uokth dh Nki vius ân; esa ysdj tk,A
mRrj 2- ys[kd esgeku osQ vkus ls ijs'kku gS D;ksafd og ,d vfrfFk dh Hkk¡fr okil ugha ykSVkA
mRrj 3- oSQysaMj dh rkjh[ksa viuh lhek esa uezrk ls iQM+iQM+krh jgrh gSaA
mRrj 4- ifr&iRuh Lusg Hkjh eqLkdjkgV osQ lkFk vfrfFk ls xys feys FksA
mRrj 5- nksigj osQ Hkkstu dks yap dh xfjek iznku dhA
mRrj 6- rhljs fnu lqcg vfrfFk us dgk& ^eSa /ksch dks diMs+ nsuk pkgrk gw¡A*
mRrj 7- lRdkj dh mQ"ek lekIr gksus ij ys[kd vfrfFk osQ fy, fMuj ls pydj f[kpM+h ij vk x, FksA
mRrj 8- vfrfFk osQ vkxeu osQ prqFkZ fnol ij ys[kd osQ eu esa ?kqeM+us okyk iz'u gS& ^m i- Q! rqe dc tkvksxs! vfrfFk\*
mRrj 9- ys[kd dk ân; fdlh vKkr vk'kadk ls ml fnu /M+d mBk Fkk ftl fnu vfrfFk dk vkxeu gqvk FkkA
mRrj 10- mPp&eè;eoxhZ; fMuj esa vfrfFk dks nks lC”kh jk;rk osQ lkFk fe"BkUu ijkslk x;k FkkA
mRrj 11- ys[kd us vfrfFk osQ fo"k; esa ,slk blfy, dgk fd vfrfFk esgeku uokth izkIr dj ysus osQ ckotwn tkus dk uke
ugha ys jgk FkkA
mRrj 12- ?kj dh LohVusl rc lekIr gksus yxrh gS tc mldk Lokn ysus osQ fy, nwljs yksx u vk ViosQaA
mRrj 13- vfrfFk dk O;fDrRo fdl vn`'; xksan ls ys[kd osQ ?kj ls fpid x;k gS] ;g Hksn ys[kd lifjokj ugha le> ik
jgk gSA
mRrj 14- ys[kd us miokl dh ckr blfy, dh gS D;ksafd vfrfFk ;gk¡ ls tkuk ugha pkgrkA
y?kwRrjkRed iz'u

11
mRrj 1-  s[kd osQ eu esa vfrfFk dks xsV vkWmV dgus dh ckr blfy, vkbZ fd vfrfFk ys[kd osQ ;gk¡ vfrfFk dh Hkk¡fr u
y
vkdj dbZ fnuksa rd #dus dk laosQr nsus yxkA vfrfFk ,d fnu dk gksrk gS ijarq tc og dbZ fnu #dus dh Bku
ys rks cks> cu tkrk gSA blhfy, vfrfFk dks xsV vkmV dgus dh ckr ys[kd osQ eu esa vkbZA
mRrj 2- ys[kd vfrfFk ls crk jgk gS fd yk[kksa fdyksehVj dh ;k=kk dj ,d varfj{k ;k=kh (,LVªkukWV~l) panzyksd ij tkdj
Hkh pkj fnu esa okil vk tkrk gSA rqe rks FkksM+h nwj dh ;k=kk dj gh ;gk¡ vk, gks] fiQj Hkh vkfrF; Lohdkj dj
tkus dk uke gh ugha ys jgs gksA
mRrj 3-  s[kd vfrfFk dks oSQysaMj dh rkjh[ksa fn[kkdj blfy, cny jgk Fkk fd og tku ys fd mls ;gk¡ vk, fdrus fnu
y
gks x, fd vfrfFk osQ ijaijk dk mYya?ku gSA ys[kd vfrfFk dks ;g vuqHkwfr djkuk pkgrk gS fd esgeku uokth ,d
fnu dh gksrh gS] thou Hkj dh ughaA vr% rqe tkx:d gks tkvks vkSj okil tkvksA
mRrj 4- ys[kd dk lkSgknZ cksfj;r esa cny x;k] og blfy, fd ys[kd vfrfFk dk vkfrF; nks fnuksa rd bl izdkj djrk gS
fd og vius ân; esa vkfrF;&lRdkj dh Nki ys dj okil pyk tk,] ijarq vkfrF; tc tkus dk uke ugha ysrkA
rc ys[kd dks vfrfFk osQ izfr cksfj;r gksus yxrk gSA
mRrj 5-  frfFk&ijaijk dk mYya?ku djrs gq, vfrfFk ys[kd osQ ;gk¡ pkj fnuksa ls #ddj mUgsa vijks{k :i ls ihM+k ns jgk gSA
v
esgeku uokth osQ pDdj esa ys[kd dh fnup;kZ vLr&O;Lr gks xbZ gSA mldk izfrekg gksus okyk ?kjsyw [kpZ izHkkfor
gks jgk gS ftlls mls ijs'kkuh gks jgh gSA
mRrj 6-  s[kd vfrfFk dks jk{kl blfy, dguk pkg jgk gS fd ;g lkekftd fln~/kar gS ,d fnu dk vfrfFk nsorqY; gksrk
y
gS] ijarq tc og vf/d fnuksa rd #dus dh lksprk gS rc jk{kl izrhr gksus yxrk gSA
mRrj 7-  s[kd osQ vuqlkj vfrfFk ,slk gks tks vfrfFk dh Hkk¡fr vk,] vkfrF;&lRdkj xzg.k djs vkSj mldh Nki vius ân;
y
esa l¡tks, okil pyk tk,A ogh vfrfFk nsorqY; gksrk gS vkSj vPNk yxrk gSA
mRrj 8- ys[kd vfrfFk dks bl izdkj fonk djus pkgrk Fkk fd og vius ân; 'kkunkj esgeku uokth dh Nki fy, ,d
vPNs vfrfFk dh rjg okil pyk tk,A blhfy, ys[kd us vfrfFk osQ vkus ij mPp eè;eoxZ dk fMuj o yap
iznku dj mldk lEeku fd;kA og pkgrk Fkk fd og vfrfFk dks #dus dk vkxzg djs] ij ,d vPNs vfrfFk dh
Hkk¡fr og lEeku izkIr dj okil pyk tk,A
mRrj 9- (d) ys[kd vfrfFk osQ vkus osQ fnu dh ckr crkrs gq, dg jgk gS fd ftl fnu rqe vk,] gesa ?kj osQ vfrfjDr
[kpZ gksus dh fpark lrkus yxhA fdlh vfrf/ osQ vkus ij mlosQ Lokxr&LkRdkj esa dkI+kQh [kpZ gksrk gSA blh ckr dks
ys[kd us mDr dFku esa O;Dr djuk pkgk gSA fdlh u, fo'ks"k esgeku osQ vk tkus ij ?kj dk izfrfnu gksus okyk
dk;Z izHkkfor gksrk gSA
([k) gekjh Hkkjrh; ijaijk esa vfrfFk nsorqY; ekuk x;k vkSj vfrfFk dk Lokxr&lRdkj Hkh nsork dh Hkk¡fr fd;k
tkrk gSA ijarq ;g lc fo/ku vfrfFk osQ fy, gSaA ysfdu tc vfrfFk osQ jgus dh lhek ikj dj tk, rks og jk{kl
gksus yxrk gS vkSj Hkkj yxus yxrk gSA
mRrj 10- bl ikB osQ Ekkè;e ls ys[kd ;g lans'k nsrk gS fd fdlh osQ ;gk¡ Hkh vfrfFk cuks rks mlosQ vkfrF;&lRdkj dk
lEeku djrs gq, mlosQ ;gk¡ ,d fnu ls vf/d jgus dk iz;Ru er djksA mlosQ ;gk¡ Msjk Mkyus dk iz;Ru djus ij
flok; vieku osQ oqQN Hkh gkFk ugha yxsxkA vr% ,d vPNs vfrfFk osQ :i esa fdlh osQ ;gk¡ tkuk pkfg,A
fuca/kRed iz'u
mRrj 1- vk, gq, vfrfFk osQ pkj fnuksa rd u tkus ij ys[kd osQ O;ogkj esa dVqrk vkSj mQc us LFkku ysuk izkjaHk dj fn;kA
og vfrfFk osQ lkeus gh oSQyasMj dh frfFk cnyus yxk ftlls vfrfFk dks ;g ;kn vk tk, fd mls ;gk¡ vk, fdrus
fnu gks x, vkSj vc mls tkuk pkfg,] vfrfFk osQ vkus ij ys[kd us tks varjxrk fn[kkbZ Fkh] [kqys eu ls tks vkil
esa ppkZ gksrh Fkh] og lc yqIr gks xbZ gSA ys[kd vfrfFk ls ckrphr djus osQ LFkku ij miU;kl i<+ jgk gS vkSj
vfrfFk fiQYeh if=kdk osQ iUus iyV jgk gSA vc vfrfFk ?kj osQ okrkoj.k esa cksfj;r dk l`tu dj jgk gSA vfrfFk
osQ izfr eu esa nqHkkZouk,¡ tUe ysus yxh gSaA

12
mRrj 2- izLrqr ikB ^rqe dc tkvksxs] vfrfFk* esa jpukdkj us ,sls O;fDr;ksa dks tkxzr djus dk iz;Ru fd;k gS] tks vius
ifjfpr ;k fj'rsnkj osQ ?kj fcuk fdlh iwoZ lwpuk osQ pys tkrs gSa vkSj fiQj tkus dk uke gh ugha ysrsA ,sls yksx
bl izdkj fopkj 'kwU; gksrs gS fd ,d ckj Hkh ugha lksprs fd mUkosQ bl rjg ik¡o rksM+ dj cSB tkuk estcku ij
fdruk Hkkjh iM+ jgk gSA ys[kd osQ vuqlkj vPNk vfrfFk og gS tks vkus ls iwoZ vius vkus dh lwpuk nsdj vk,
vkSj ,d&nks fnu esgekuh djosQ okil pyk tk,A og vfrfFk ugha gks ldrk] ftlosQ vkxeu osQ ckn estcku og
lc oqQN lkspus ij foo'k gks tk,] tks bl ikB dk estcku fuajrj lksprs jgsA
mRrj 3- vius ?kj dks LohV&gkse dh laKk osQoy blfy, nh xbZ gS fd yksx vius ?kj ij jgsa mls l¡okjsa vkSj nwljs osQ LohV&gkse
dh LohV&usl u"V djus u igq¡psaA vius ?kj dh egRrk ij blhfy, izdk'k Mkyk x;k gS D;ksafd viuk ?kj viuk gh
gksrk gSA vius ?kj esa Lora=krk] LoPNanrk gksrhA nwljs osQ ?kj esa og LoPNanrk ugha laHko gSA ijarq oqQN yksx ,sls gksrs
gSa ftUgsa nwljs dk ?kj gh vPNk dh Lora=krk vkSj LoPNanrk dk è;ku ugha j[krs osQoy viuh lq[k&lqfo/k dk è;ku
j[krs gSaA ,sls yksx yTtkghu gksrs gSaA
mRrj 4-  ys[kd vfrfFk dks crkus dk iz;Ru djrk gS fd rqEgsa vk, vkt pkj fnu gks x, gSaA vc rd rqEgkjk lrr vkfrF;
dk ;g pkSFkk Hkkjh fnu gS ysfdu rqe brus laosnughu gks x, gks fd gekjh ijs'kkuh dk rqEgsa è;ku gh ugh gSA rqe
vc Hkh ;gk¡ ls tkus dk uke ugha ys jgs gksA vc rqe vkfrF; dh lhek dk vfrozQe.k dj pqosQ gksA ,d NksVh&lh
;k=kk dj tc ls rqe ;gk¡ vk, gks] brus fnuksa esa varfj{k ;k=kh yk[kksa fdyksehVj dh yach ;k=kk dj panz&yksd tkdj
okil ykSV vk, vkSj ,d rqe gks tks vc rd ;gha cus gq, gksA rqe ,d ckj Hkh gekjh ifjfLFkfr dh vksj è;ku ugha
nsuk pkgrsA
mRrj 5-  s[kd osQ ;gk¡ vfrfFk dks vk, rhu fnu gks x, gSaA tc ys[kd vfrfFk osQ okil tkus dh cslczh ls izrh{kk dj
y
jgk gS] ml le; vfrfFk us yss[kd ls iwNrk gS& ^eSa /ksch dks diMs+ nsuk pkgrk gw¡A* vfrfFk n~okjk dgk x;k
;g opu ys[kd osQ ân; ij vk?kkr&lk izrhr gksrk gSA vfrfFk osQ okil tkus dh laHkkoukvksa ij ;g dFku
/wy Mkyus tSlk yxkA ;g ,d ekfeZd pksV Fkh D;ksafd ys[kd ;g dnkfi ugha lksp j[kk Fkk fd vfrfFk vHkh ;gk¡
vkSj #osQxkA ys[kd ;g lkspus ij foo'k gks x;k fd vfrfFk lnSo nsork gh ugha gksrk] og ekuo vkSj oqQN va'kksa
esa jk{kl Hkh gks ldrk gSA
mRrj 6- izLrqr ikB esa of.kZr vfrfFk osQ O;ogkj osQ leku O;ogkj laca/ksa esa laozQe.k mRiUu djus esa lgk;d gksrs gSA ,sls
vfrfFk ls estcku lnSo ?kcjkrs gSa vkSj izkFkZuk djrs gSa fd fIkQj ,sls vfrfFk;ksa dk vkfrF; djus dk nq;ksZx u izkIr gksA
,ssls vfrfFk laosnughu gksrs gSaA bUgsa osQoy viuh rqf"V dk è;ku gksrk gSA ;s ,d uacj osQ vkylh vkSj deZghu gksrs
gSaA bUgsa dHkh Hkh viuk ?kj fiz; ugha yxrkA ,sls yksx nwljs osQ ?kj esa lq[k vkSj vkuan dh ryk'k djrs gSa blhfy,
gjne vfrfFk cuus osQ fy, ykykf;r gksrs gSA ,sls yksxksa ls laca/ LFkkfir djus ls yksx ?kcjkrs gaSA
ikBµ4
oSKkfud psruk osQ okgd % paæ'ks•j osadV jkeUk~
xn~;ka'k ij vk/kfjr iz'u
xn~;ka'k & 1
mRrj (i) jkeu~ dk tUe 7 uoacj lu~ 1888 dks rfeyukMq osQ fr#fpjkiYyh uxj esa gqvk FkkA
mRrj (ii) xf.kr vkSj HkkSfrdh fo"k;ksa osQ Kku us jkeu~ dks txr&çfln~/ cuk;kA
mRrj (iii) dkWyst dh i<+kbZ mUgksaus igys ,-ch-,u dkWyst fr#fpjkiYyh ls vkSj fiQj çsflMsalh dkWyst eækl ls dhA
xn~;ka'k & 2
mRrj (i) jkeu~ dh •kst ls inkFkks± osQ v.kqvksa vkSj ijek.kqvksa dh vkarfjd lajpuk dk vè;;u lgt gks x;kA
mRrj (ii) baÚk jsM LisDVªksLdksih ,d eqf'dy rduhd gS vkSj blesa xyfr;ksa dh laHkkouk cgqr vf/d gSA jkeu~ LisDVªksLdksih
inkFkks± osQ v.kqvksa vkSj ijek.kqvksa dh lajpuk dh lVhd tkudkjh nsrh gSA
mRrj (iii) inkFkks± dk la'ys"k.k ç;ksx'kkyk esa djuk vkSj vusd mi;ksxh inkFkks± osQ Ñf=ke :i ls fuekZ.k dks laHko djus osQ fy,A

13
xn~;ka'k & 3
mRrj (i) jkeu~ çHkko dh •kst ls jkeu~ fo'o osQ pksVh osQ oSKkfudksa dh iafDr esa vk,A iqjLdkjksa vkSj lEekuksa dh rks >M+h&lh
yxh jghA
mRrj (ii) jkeu~ dks fuEufyf•r iqjLdkjksa ls lEekfur fd;k x;k gSµ1929 esa ^lj* dh mikf/] fo'o dk lokZsPp ukscsy iqjLdkj]
jkse dk esR;qlh ind] jkW;y lkslkbVh dk g~;wt ind] fiQyksMsfYiQ;k bafLVV~;wV dk Úsadfyu ind] varjjk"Vªh; ysfuu
iqjLdkj vkSj 1954 esa ^HkkjrjRu* ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA
mRrj (iii) os ukscy iqjLdkj ikus okys igys Hkkjrh; FksA mUgksaus Hkkjr dks ,d u;k vkRelEeku vkSj vkRefo'okl fn;kA lkFk
gh foKku osQ {ks=k esa u;h Hkkjrh; psruk dks tkxzr Hkh fd;kA
xn~;ka'k & 4
mRrj (i) Hkkjrh; laLÑfr ls jkeu~ dk xgjk yxko FkkA mUgksaus viuh Hkkjrh; igpku dks ges'kk v{kq..k j•kA
mRrj (ii) jkeu~ dk igukok nf{k.k Hkkjrh; FkkA os dV~Vj 'kkdkgkjh Fks vkSj efnjk ls l[r ijgst djrs FksA
mRrj (iii) jkeu~ dk 'kjkc ihus ls budkj djus ij ,d vk;kstd us ifjgkl esa dgk fdµ ¶tc vYdksgy ij jkeu~ çHkko dk
çn'kZu dj geas vkÞykfnr djus esa dksbZ dlj ugha NksM+h] rks jkeu~ ij vYdksgy osQ çHkko dk çn'kZu djus ls ijgst
D;ksa\¸
xn~;ka'k & 5
mRrj (i) HkkSfrd 'kkL=k esa vuqla/ku dks c<+kok nsus osQ fy, jkeu~ us bafM;u tujy vkWiQ fiQftDl uked 'kks/&if=kdk çkjaHk
dhA
mRrj (ii) jkeu~ osQ 'kks/&Nk=kksa us vkxs pydj dkI+kQh vPNk dke fd;kA muesa ls dbZ Nk=k ckn esa mPp inksa ij çfrf"Br gq,A
mRrj (iii) jkeu~ çHkko osQoy çdk'k dh fdj.kksa rd gh fleVk ugha Fkk_ mUgksaus vius O;fDrRo osQ çdk'k dh fdj.kksa ls iwjs
ns'k dks vkyksfdr vkSj çHkkfor fd;kA
xn~;ka'k & 6
mRrj (i) jkeu~ oSKkfud psruk vkSj n`f"V dh lk{kkr~ çfrewfrZ FksA
mRrj (ii) mUgksaus ges'kk gh ;g lans'k fn;k gS fd vius vklikl ?kV jgh fofHkUu çkÑfrd ?kVukvksa dh Nkuchu ge ,d
oSKkfud n`f"V ls djsaA
mRrj (iii) gesa jkeu~ osQ thou ls ;g çsj.kk feyrh gS fd O;fDr vius thou esa tks Hkh djuk pkgrk gS mls dj ldrk gSA ;fn
mlesa ml dke dks djus dh yxu rFkk bPNk 'kfDr gksA
vU; egRoiw.kZ ç'u
vfr y?kwRRkjkRed ç'u
mRrj 1- jkeu~ Hkkoqd çÑfr çseh] ns'kHkDr vkSj ,d liQy oSKkfud FksA
mRrj 2-  eqæ dks ns•dj jkeu osQ eu esa nks ftKklk,¡ mBhaA igyh ftKklk Fkh fd leqæ dk jax uhyk D;ksa gksrk gSA nwljh
l
ftKklk Fkh fd leqæ dk jax oqQN vkSj D;ksa ugha gksrk gSA
mRrj 3- jkeu osQ firk us muesa xf.kr vkSj HkkSfrdh dh l'kDr uhao MkyhA
mRrj 4- jkeu~ dh fnyh bPNk Fkh fd os viuk lkjk thou 'kks/dk;ks± dks iwjk djus esa yxk,¡] ysfdu bls dfj;j osQ :i esa
viukus dh muosQ ikl dksbZ [kkl O;oLFkk ugha FkhA
mRrj 5- jkeu~ lk/kj.k&lh ç;ksx'kkyk esa dkepykÅ ,oa ekewyh ls midj.kksa dh lgk;rk ls osQoy viuh çcy bPNk 'kfDr
osQ cy ij gh HkkSfrd foKku le`n~/ cukus osQ fy, dfVcn~/ jgus yxs] blfy, gB;ksx ls rqyuk dh xbZ gSA
mRrj 6-  eqæ ;k=kk osQ nkSjku tgk”k osQ Msd ij •M+s jkeu~ us ns•k fd leqæ dk uhyk ty nwj&nwj rd iSQyk gSA ;g ty uhyk
l
gh D;ksa fn•kbZ nsrk gS\ ;g ftKklk muosQ eu esa cyorh gks mBh vkSj os bldk tokc ikus osQ ç;kl esa tqV x,A

14
y?kwRrjkRed iz'u
mRrj 1- ikB esa bafM;u ,lksfl,'ku iQkWj n dYVhos'ku vkWiQ lkbal ç;ksx'kkyk dks vn~Hkqr dgk x;k gS] D;ksafd bl laLFkk dks
dydRRkk osQ ,d MkW- egsaæyky ljdkj us o"kks± dh dfBu esgur vkSj yxu osQ ckn •M+k fd;k FkkA bl laLFkk dk
mn~ns'; ns'k esa oSKkfud psruk dk fodkl djuk FkkA ysfdu blosQ ikl vkS”kkjksa dh cgqr vf/d deh FkhA jkeu~ bl
ç;ksx'kkyk esa dkepykÅ vkS”kkjksa dk ç;ksx djrs gq, vius vuqla/ku osQ dk;Z djrs FksA
mRrj 2- jkeu~ ukSdjh ls cps le; esa viuh bPNkvksa vkSj LokHkkfod #>ku osQ dkj.k dydÙkk osQ cgw ck”kkj esa vkrs vkSj
MkWDVj egsaæyky ljdkj n~okjk LFkkfir ç;ksx'kkyk esa 'kks/dk;Z esa tqV tkrs FksA os viuh bPNk'kfDr ls HkkSfrd foKku
dks le`n~/ djus dk ç;kl djrs FksA blfy, os viuk iwjk le; vè;;u] vè;kiu vkSj 'kks/ esa fcrkrs FksA
mRrj 3- jkeu~ dh •kst HkkSfrdh osQ {ks=k esa ,d Økafr osQ leku Fkh] D;ksafd çdk'k dh çÑfr osQ ckjs esa tks vkbaLVkbu osQ
fopkj Fks mldk çek.k ç;ksx osQ lkFk fey x;kA inkFkks± osQ v.kqvksa vkSj ijek.kqvksa dh cukoV osQ vè;;u osQ fy,
jkeu~ LisDVªksLdksih dk lgkjk fy;k tkus yxkA tksfd inkFkks± osQ v.kqvksa vkSj ijek.kqvksa dh lajpuk dh lVhd lgh&lgh
tkudkjh nsrh gSA blls dbZ inkFkks± dk Ñf=ke la'ys"k.k Hkh laHko gks ik;kA
mRrj 4- ijaijkxr rkSj ij inkFkks± osQ v.kqvksa vkSj ijek.kqvksa dh vkarfjd lajpuk dk vè;;u baÚkjsM LisDVªksLdkWih ls fd;k
tkrk Fkk ftlesa xyrh dh laHkkouk cgqr vf/d gksrh FkhA tcfd jkeu~ LisDVªksLdksih ,do.khZ; çdk'k osQ o.kZ esa
ifjorZu osQ vk/kj ij] inkFkks± osQ v.kqvksa vkSj ijek.kqvksa dh lajpuk dh ,dne lVhd tkudkjh nsrh gSA bl tkudkjh
osQ dkj.k inkFkks± dk la'ys"k.k ç;ksx'kkyk esa djuk vkSj vusd mi;ksxh inkFkks± dk Ñf=ke fuekZ.k laHko gks x;kA
fuca/kRed iz'u
mRrj 1- jkeu~ Hkys gh fo'o çfln~/ oSKkfud cu x, ysfdu mUgsa vius thou osQ os fnu ges'kk ;kn jgs tc mudks csgn
de mUur vkSj de midj.kksa okyh ç;ksx'kkyk esa dkepykÅ 'kks/ djosQ larks"k gksuk iM+rk FkkA vHkkoxzLr fnuksa dh
;kn rFkk ml le; osQ la?k"kZ ls jkeu~ dks ^jkeu~ fjlpZ baLVhV~;wV* dh LFkkiuk dh çsj.kk feyhA bldh LFkkiuk dk
mís'; vkus okyh ih<+h dks vko';d midj.k vkSj lqfo/k,¡ miyC/ djokuk Fkk] rkfd ;qok ih<+h vius ekxZ esa ,sls
ph”kksa dk lkeuk u djsaA vkSj os 'kks/ dk;ks± osQ fy, çsfjr gksdj u, jgL;ksa dk vuqla/ku djsaA
mRrj 2-  aæ'ks•j osadV jkeu~ us ns'k dks çxfr'khy oSKkfud n`f"V rFkk fparu çnku fd;kA bl fn'kk esa igys mUgksaus Lo;a
p
lkalkfjd lq•&lqfo/k R;kxdj ç;ksx lk/uk dhA mUgksaus jkeu~ çHkko dh •kst djosQ Hkkjr dk uke Å¡pk fd;kA fiQj
mUgksaus caxykSj esa ,d 'kks/ laLFkku dh LFkkiuk dhA mUgksaus vuqla/ku laca/h nks if=kdk,¡ Hkh pykbZaA mUgksaus vusd
uo;qodksa dks 'kks/ djus dh çsj.kk nh vkSj ekxZn'kZu çnku fd;kA mUgksaus lans'k fn;k fd ge vius vklikl dh
?kVukvksa dks oSKkfud n`f"V ls fugkjus dk ç;kl djsaA bl çdkj mUgksaus ns'k osQ fparu dks foKku dh fn'kk çnku dhA
blfy, ys•d us mUgsa oSKkfud psruk dk okgd dgk gSA
mRrj 3- jkeu~ n~okjk •ksts x, jkeu~ çHkko osQ dkj.k mudh x.kuk fo'o osQ Js"B oSKkfudksa esa gksus yxhA mUgsa vusd iqjLdkjksa
ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA lu~ 1929 esa mUgsa ^lj* dh mikf/ nh xbZA vxys gh o"kZ mUgsa fo'o osQ lokZsPp iqjLdkj
^HkkSfrdh esa ukscsy iqjLdkj* ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA mUgsa jkse dk esR;wlh ind] jk;y lkslkbVh dk g~;wt ind]
fiQyksMsfYiQ;k baLVhV~;wV dk ÚSadfyu ind] lksfo;r :l dk ysfuu iqjLdkj vkfn osQ lkFk gh 1954 esa ns'k osQ
lokZsPp lEeku ^Hkkjr jRu* ls Hkh lEekfur fd;k x;kA bl çdkj mudh çfln~f/ vkSj lEeku vR;f/d c<+ pqdk
FkkA
mRrj 4-  jdkjh ukSdjh ls vodk'k osQ ckn dydRRkk dh cgw ck”kkj fLFkr ç;ksx'kkyk esa 'kks/ djrs gq, jkeu~ viuk fcrk;k
l
djrs FksA ;gha ij mudk >qdko okn~;;a=kksa dh èofu;ksa osQ ihNs fNis oSKkfud jgL; dh rjI+kQ gqvkA jkeu~ us ns'kh vkSj
fons'kh nksuksa çdkj osQ okn~;;a=kksa dk vè;;u fd;kA mUgksaus vusd Hkkjrh; ;a=kksa tSls&oh.kk] rkuiqjk] e`naxe dk xgu
vè;;u fd;kA blosQ vykok mUgksaus ok;fyu vkSj fi;kuks tSls fons'kh okn~;;a=kksa dks Hkh vius 'kks/ dk fo"k; cuk;kA
os okn~;;a=kksa osQ vè;;u n~okjk èofu;ksa osQ ihNs oSKkfud jgL; dks tkuus osQ vykok if'peh ns'kksa dh ml Hkzkafr dks
Hkh rksM+uk pkgrs Fks fd Hkkjrh; okn~;;a=k fons'kh okn~;ksa dh rqyuk esa ?kfV;k gSaA

15
mRrj 5-  aæ'ks•j osadV jkeu~ us ^jkeu~ fjlpZ baLVhV~;wV* uked vR;ar mUur ç;ksx'kkyk vkSj 'kks/&laLFkku dh LFkkiuk dhA
p
mUgksaus HkkSfrd 'kkL=k esa vuqla/ku dks c<+kok nsus osQ fy, ^bafM;u tujy vkWiQ fiQftDl* uked 'kks/&if=kdk dh
'kq#vkr dhA foKku osQ çpkj&çlkj.k osQ fy, mUgksaus djsaV lkbal uked if=kdk dk laiknu Hkh fd;kA blosQ vykok
jkeu~ us vius thou esa lSdM+ksa 'kks/ Nk=kksa dk ekxZn'kZu fd;kA bu Nk=kksa us vkxs vkus okys Nk=kksa dh enn dhA blls
mUgksaus flI+kZQ vPNk dke gh ugha fd;k cfYd dbZ Nk=kksa us mPp inksa dks gkfly Hkh fd;kA
mRrj 6- çdk'k rjaxksa osQ ckjs esa vkbaLVkbu us crk;k Fkk fd çdk'k dk :i vfr lw{e ijek.kqvksa dh rhoz çokg/kjk osQ
leku gksrk gSA çdk'k osQ d.k cqysV osQ leku rhoz çokg ls cgrs gSaA jkeU‌k~ dh •kst ls çdk'k dh çÑfr osQ ckjs
esa vkbaLVkbu osQ fopkjksa dk çk;ksfxd çek.k fey x;kA jkeU‌k osQ ç;ksxksa us vkbaLVkbu dh /kj.kk dk çR;{k çek.k ns
fn;k] D;ksahfd ,do.khZ; çdk'k osQ o.kZ esa ifjorZu ;g lkiQrkSj ij çekf.kr djrk gS fd çdk'k dh fdj.k rhozxkeh
lw{e d.kksa osQ çokg osQ :i esa O;ogkj djrh gSA nksuksa us oSKkfud n`f"V ls ph”kksa dks fugkjus dk ç;kl fd;k ysfdu
jkeUk~‌ dh •kst dh otg ls inkFkks± osQ v.kqvksa vkSj ijek.kqvksa dh vkarfjd lajpuk dk vè;;u lgt gks x;k] ftlus
ns'k osQ fparu dks foKku dh fn'kk çnku dhA
mRrj 7- jkeu~ dh liQyrk esa muosQ firk dk vfoLej.kh; ;ksxnku jgk gSA os HkkSfrd o xf.kr osQ f'k{kd FksA mUgksaus bu nksuksa
fo"k;ksa dh f'k{kk jkeu~ dks nh] ftlls bu fo"k;ksa esa xgjh #fp ,oa oSKkfud cuus dh ykylk us tUe fy;kA jkeu~ us
okn~;;a=kksa ls lacaf/r •kst esa xf.kr vkSj HkkSfrdh nksuksa dk mi;ksx fd;kA blh çdkj jkeu~ çHkko esa Hkh nksuksa fo"k;ksa
dk cjkcj ç;ksx fd;k FkkA okLro esa muosQ firk us mudh liQyrk dh uhao j• nh FkhA ftls liQyrk dk n~;kssrd
paæ'ks•j osadV jkeu~ us vius fparu] ç;klksa vkSj la?k"kks± ls cuk;kA

ikBµ5
'kqØrkjs osQ leku
xn~;ka'k ij vk/kfjr iz'u
xn~;ka'k & 1
mRrj (i) ftl çdkj eqoqQV esa dyxh 'kh"kZ ij gkssrh gS vkSj lcls fHkUu vkHkk fc[ksjrh gS] mlh çdkj u{k=k&eaMy esa lcls
nhIroku rkjk 'kqØrkjk gS tks iwoZ esa] dHkh lk;adky esa] rks dHkh Hkksj esa vkdk'k esa pedrk gSA bls dyxh&:i dgk
x;k gSA
mRrj (ii) y
 s[kd us egknso dh rqyuk dyxh dyke dks lyke&:i 'kqØrkjs ls dh gSA blfy, fd egknso th vk/qfud Hkkjr
dh Lora=krk m"kkdky esa viuh çfrHkk dh vkHkk ls Hkkjr :ih vkdk'k dks nsnhI;eku dj] ns'k vkSj nqfu;k dks eqX/
dj 'kqØrkjs dh rjg vLr gks x,A
mRrj (iii) e gknso th vius fe=kksa osQ chp viuk ifjp; ^gEeky* osQ :i esa vkSj dHkh&dHkh ^ihj&ckophZ&fHk'rh&[kj* osQ :i
esa nssrs FksA
xn~;ka'k & 2
mRrj (i) çLrqr xn~;ka'k esa ys[kd us egknso th dh ys[ku çfrHkk ij çdk'k Mkyk gSA egknso th Hkk"kk osQ /uh FksA mudh
mPpdksfV dh f'k"V] laLdkj laiUu Hkk"kk vkSj euksgkjh ys[ku 'kSyh mUgsa bZ'ojh; nsu osQ :i esa feyh FkhA ;n~;fi
xka/h th osQ lkFk mUgsa lkfgR;&lsok dk le; ugha fey ikrkA fiQj Hkh oqQN le; fudkydj mUgksaus xka/h th dh
vkRedFkk fy[kh Fkh tks cgqr yksdfç; gqbZ FkhA
mRrj (ii) e gknso HkkbZ dks mPpdksVh dh f'k"V] laLdkj laiUu Hkk"kk vkSj euksgkjh ys[ku 'kSyh bZ'ojh; nsu osQ :i esa feyh FkhA
budh bUgha fo'ks"krkvksa osQ dkj.k os xka/h th osQ Lusg ik=k cu x, FksA os viuh Hkk"kk ls gh lkeus okys dks çHkkfor
dj ysrs Fks vkSj og mudk eqjhn cu tkrk FkkA
mRrj (iii) egknso HkkbZ n~okjk jfpr ^lR; dk ç;ksx* uked iqLrd osQ vufxur laLdj.k lkjh nqfu;k esa çdkf'kr gq, vkSj fcosQA

16
xn~;ka'k & 3
mRrj (i) e gknso nslkbZ ns'k&fons'k osQ vxzx.; lekpkj i=kksa esa Nih xka/h th dh çfrfnu dh xfrfof/;ksa ij Nih Vhdk&fVIif.k;ksa
dks ns[krs vkSj mudks vkM+s gkFkksa ysus okys ys[k Hkh le;&le; ij fy[kk djrs FksA
mRrj (ii) e gknso nslkbZ xka/h th n~okjk nh xbZ rkyhe osQ dkj.k gh ns'k&fons'k osQ lkjs lekpkj&i=kksa osQ lalkj esa vkSj ,aXyks bfM;u
lekpkj i=kksa osQ chp lcosQ ykM+ys cu x, Fks tcfd xka/h th osQ fo"k; esa rhoz vkykspuk&çR;kykspuk ,oa erHksnksa dk
dM+k&ls&dM+k tokc viuh f'k"V laLdkj laiUu Hkk"kk esa nsrs FksA
mRrj (iii) x ka/h th dh xfrfof/;ksa ij cjkcj Vhdk&fVIi.kh djus okys ns'k&fons'k osQ lekpkj&i=kksa dks vkM+s&gkFkksa ysus okyk ys[k
le;&le; ij fy[krs FksA
xn~;ka'k & 4
mRrj (i) e gknso nslkbZ lHkkvksa esa desfV;ksa dh cSBdksa esa ;k nkSM+rh jsyxkfM+;ksa esa Åij dh cFkZ ij cSBdj ;k rks rk”ks&rk”ks
lekpkj&i=kksa] ekfld i=kksa o iqLrosaQ i<+rs jgrs ;k ^;ax bafM;k* vkSj uothou uked lekpkj&i=k osQ fy, ys[k fy[kk
djrs FksA
mRrj (ii) e gknso th yxkrkj pyrh ;k=kkvksa] çR;sd LVs'ku ij n'kZu osQ fy, ,d=k yksxksa dh HkhM+] lHkkvksa] eqykdkrksa] cSBdksa] ppkZvksa
vkSj ckrphr osQ chp dc ugkrs Fks] dc [kkrs Fks] dc lksrs Fks] dc viuk nSfud o`QR; djrs Fks] fdlh dks bldk irk
ugha py ikrk FkkA
mRrj (iii) viuh lkjh O;oLFkkvksa osQ chp Hkh egknso HkkbZ lwr dkRkuk dHkh ugha Hkwyrs FksA
xn~;ka'k & 5
mRrj (i) ; equk&xaxk mRrj çns'k ls fcgkj rd g”kkjksa ehy iSQYks ,oa ije midkjh vU; ufn;ksa ls cus eSnku bu ufn;ksa osQ xkn ls
cus gSaA bUgsa lksus dh xkn dgk x;k gS D;ksafd bu xknksa ls cus eSnku vUu mRiknu osQ fy, cgqr mitkÅ gSaA
mRrj (ii) çLrqr iafDr esa ys[kd us egknso nslkbZ osQ fueZy O;fDr vkSj ç[kj çfrHkk dk o.kZu fd;k gSA egknso nslkbZ ç[kj çfrHkk
osQ lkFk vkd"kZd O;fDrRo osQ ekfyd FksA mPpdksfV dh f'k"V laLdkj ;qDr Hkk"kk vkSj vkd"kZd O;fDrRo lkeus okys ij
,slh eksfguh NksM+rs Fks fd dbZ&dbZ fnukssa rd bl eksfguh dk u'kk ugha mrj ikrk FkkA
mRrj (iii) panz&'kqØ dh çHkk dk vFkZ gS& 'khry 'kkar dkafr;qDr O;fDrRoA
vU; egRoiw.kZ ç'u
vfr y?kwRrjkRed ç'u
mRrj 1- vgenkckn ls fudyus okys nks lkIrkfgd i=k&^;ax bafM;k* vkSj ^uo thouA*
mRrj 2- xka/h th ls tqYeksa vkSj vR;kpkjksa dh dgkfu;k¡ crkus osQ fy, ihfM+rksa dks ny osQ ny xzkensoh osQ ef.k Hkou ij vkrs
FksA
mRrj 3- ØWkfudy osQ laiknd gkuhZeSu osQ ns'k fudkyk feyus osQ ckn ^;ax bafM;k* vaxzs”kh lkIrkfgd esa fy[kus okyksa dh deh osQ
dkj.k ys[kksa esa deh vk xbZA
mRrj 4- egknso HkkbZ osQ >ksyksa esa ns'k&fons'k osQ lkIrkfgd o nSfud lekpkj&i=k Hkjs jgrs FksA
mRrj 5- egknso HkkbZ viuk ifjp; ^gEeky* ;k ^ihj ckophZ&fHk'rh&[kj* osQ :i esa nsrs FksA
mRrj 6- egknso HkkbZ fnu eas 17&18 ?kaVs dke djrs FksA
mRrj 7- 'kqØ dks panzek dk lkFkh ekuk xk;k gSA
mRrj 8- lk;adky esa ;k Hkksj osQ le;A
mRrj 9- egknso nslkbZ dks 'kqØrkjs dh rjg dgk x;k gSA
mRrj 10- 'kaadj yky cSadj] mEEkj lksckuh vkSj teuknkl n~okjdknkl us xka/h th ls ^;ax bafM;k* dk laiknd cuus dk vkxzg fd;kA
mRrj 11- xka/h th dk dke bruk c<+ x;k fd mUgksaus ^;ax bafM;k* dks g-Ýrs nks ckj çdkf'kr djus dk fu.kZ; fy;kA
mRrj 12- ^;ax bafM;k* osQ lkFk vgenkckn esa ^uo thou* lkIrkfgd&i=k çdkf'kr gksrk FkkA
mRrj 13- egknso nslkbZ dks ,e- Mh- uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk FkkA
17
mRrj 14- xka/h th osQ ikl vkus ls igys egknso ljdkj osQ vuqokn foHkkx esa ukSdjh djrs FksA
mRrj 15- egknso nslkbZ osQ ftxjh nksLr dk uke Fkkµujgfj HkkbZA
y?kwRrjkRed ç'u
mRrj 1- ftl çdkj u{k=k eaMy esa 'kqØrkjs osQ leku vkHkk vkSj ço`Qfr okyk dksbZ vU; rkjk ugha gSA blosQ leku izHkk (ozQakfr)
okyk dksbZ u{k=k ugha gSA Bhd blh osQ leku Fks egknso HkkbZA egknso HkkbZ çfrHkk osQ /uh rks Fks gh] mudk O;fDrRo Hkh
vçfre FkkA budh f'k"V laLdkj laiUu Hkk"kk yksxksa ij eksfguh dk çHkko Mkyrh FkhA budh euksgkjh ys[ku 'kSyh vn~forh;
FkhA brus loZxq.k laiUu O;fDr;ksa dks 'kqØrkjs dh miek nsuk lgh gSA
mRrj 2- egknsso nslkbZ xka/h th osQ futh lfpo FksA ;s xka/h dks iq=k osQ leku fç; FksA ;s cstksM+ çfrHkk osQ /uh Fks blhfy, xka/h
th bUgsa viuk mRrjkf/dkjh dgrs FksA egknso th vn~Hkqr ÅtkZoku] vius nkf;Ro osQ çfr lefiZr O;fDr FksA fouezrk]
ljyrk] lTturk vkSj lR;fu"Bk budh fo'ks"krk FkhA bUgksaus us egkRek th osQ lkFk jgdj Hkkjr osQ Lora=krk la?k"kZ esa viuk
vewY; ;ksxnku fd;kA
mRrj 3- egknso HkkbZ osQ ys[k çHkkoksRiknd gkssrs FksA buosQ ys[k ml le; lHkh i=k&if=kdkvksa esa Nirs FksA ^;ax bafM;k* vkSj ^uo
thou* esa Hkh buosQ ys[k Nirs FksA blosQ vfrfjDr xka/h th osQ ;gk¡ vk, i=kksa osQ mRrj] muij vkbZ Vhdk&fVIif.k;ksa]
vykspukvksa dk ”kksjnkj 'kCnksa esa mRrj egknso HkkbZ nsrs FksA vusd ns'k&fons'k osQ lekpkj&i=k bu dh fon~rk] fopkj'khyrk
osQ eqjhn cu x, FksA budh euksgkjh ys[ku 'kSyh osQ ç'kald ok;ljk; rd FksA
mRrj 4- egknsso nslkbZ dh e`R;q ls lcls vf/d {kfr ;fn fdlh dks gqbZ] os xka/h th FksA egknso HkkbZ osQ thfor jgrs xka/h th
fuf'par jgrs FksA egkRek th osQ os iwjd FksA mudh e`R;q osQ ckn xka/h th v/wjs ls yxus yxsA xka/h th dks vk, i=kksa]
lekpkj&i=kksa if=kdkvksa esa xka/h th ij fy[ks] ys[kksa] Vhdk&fVIif.k;k¡ dk tokc egknso th osQ gh f”kEes FkkA blfy, fu/u
ij xka/h th dks cgqr nq[k gqvkA
mRrj 5- ujgfj HkkbZ egknso nslkbZ osQ vfHkUu fe=k FksA xka/h th osQ ikl vkus ls igys egknso th us ljdkj osQ vuqokn foHkkx esa
ukSdjh dh FkhA ujgfj HkkbZ ls ogha budh HksaV gqbZ Fkh nksuksa ,d&nwljs osQ vfHkUu fe=k cu x,A nksuksa us lkFk&lkFk vgenkckn
Eksa odkyr çkjaHk fd;kA bl is'ks esa L;kg dks l-isQn vkSj l-isQn djuk gkssrk gS tks egknso th osQ ço`Qfr osQ çfrowQy FkkA
blfy, os xka/h th osQ ;gk¡ pys vk,A
mRrj 6- egknsso th ,d deZB O;fDrRo osQ /uh FksA os 17µ18 ?kaVs dke djrs FksA mudk thou cgqr O;Lr jgrk Fkk xka/h th
osQ lkFk jgdj Hkh vè;;u'khy FksA os ;k=kk osQ le; Hkh lekpkj&i=kksa ,oa vU; vè;;u lexzh lkFk ysdj pyrs FksA
blh chp ^uo thou*] ^;ax bafM;k* vkSj lkIrkfgd&i=k osQ fy, ys[k fy[krsA vius O;Lrre thou esa dc ugkrs] [kkrs]
nSfud deZ ls fuo`Rr gksrs Fks] dksbZ ugha tku ikrkA os 1 ?kaVs esa pkj ?kaVksa dk dke fuiVkrs FksAA brus deZB Fks osA
mRrj 7- xka/h th osQ thou esa egknso HkkbZ dk LFkku iq=kor FkkA os mUgsa vius iq=k osQ leku ekurs FksA lu~ 1917 esa egknso xka/h
th osQ ikl vk, Fks rHkh mUgsa viuk mRrjkf/dkjh ?kksf"kr dj fn;k FkkA lu~ 1919 esa tc tfy;k¡okyk ckx osQ ckn xka/h
th osQ iatkc tkrs le; mUgsa iyoy esa fxj-Ýrkj dj fy;k x;k rHkh xka/h th us egknso th dks viuk okfjl dgk FkkA
mRrj 8- xka/h th us egknsso th dks viuk okfjl lu~ 1919 esa rc dgk Fkk tc os tkfy;k¡okyk ckx gR;kdkaM osQ ckn iatkc tkrs
le; jkLrs esa gh iyoy esa fxj-Ýrkj dj fy, x, FksA mlh le; mUgksaus egknso dks viuk okfjl ?kksf"kr fd;k FkkA lu~
1929 esa egknso HkkbZ nf{k.k ls mRrj rd iwjs Hkkjr osQ nqykjs cu pqosQ FksA
mRrj 9- egknso HkkbZ vius O;Lr thou esa ?keklku yM+kb;ksa] vkanksyuksa vkSj lekpkj&i=kksa dh ppkZvksa osQ HkhM+ Hkjs çlaxksa osQ chp
lkfgfR;d xfrfof/;ksa osQ fy, mUgsa le; ugha fey tkrk FkkA blosQ ckotwn mUgksaus xka/h th dh vkRedFkk ^lR; osQ
ç;ksx* dk mUgksaus vaxzs”kh vuqokn fd;k tks çR;sd lIrkg ^;ax bafM;k* esa Nirk jgkA ckn esa iqLrd osQ :i esa mlosQ
vusd laLdj.k ns'k&fons'k esa Nis vkSj Hkkjh ek=kk Eksa fcosQA
mRrj 10- egknso HkkbZ dh vdky e`R;q dk dkj.k mudk vFkd ifjJe FkkA lu 1934&1935 esa xka/h th o/kZ efgyk esa vkSj
exuokM+h vkJeksa ls pydj lsxk¡o pys x,A egknso HkkbZ] nqxkZ cgu] fp- ukjk;.k osQ lkFk exuokM+h gh jgs vkSj o/kZ dh
vlgk; xjeh esa çfrfnu çkr% iSny pydj lsokxzke tkrs FksA fnu Hkj dke dj 'kke dks okil iSny vkrs çfrfnu 11
ehy fpyfpykrh /wi esa ;k=kk dk flyflyk muosQ fy, çk.k?kkrd cu x;kA
mRrj 11- egknso HkkbZ dh fy[kkoV rks ç'kaluh; Fkh gh] ys[ku dh 'kqn~/rk loksZRo`Q"V FkhA muosQ ys[ku esa ,d dkWek rd dh =kqfV
Hkh feyuk vlaHko FkkA blfy, xka/h th dgrs Fksµ egknso osQ fy[ks ^uksV* osQ lkFk FkksM+k feyku dj ysuk Fkk u! vkSj
yksx nk¡rksa rys v¡xqyh nck ysrs FksA
18
fuca/kRed ç'u
mRrj 1- egknso th mRo`Q"V pfj=k osQ Lokeh FksA budh ok.kh esa viukiu] fouezrk Fkh tks cjcl lkeus okys dks o'k esa dj yssrh
FkhA egknso th brus ljy Fks fd mUgsa le> ysus esa dfBukbZ ugha gksrh FkhA os vkd"kZd O;fDrRo osQ ekfyd Fks vkSj
fdlh dks Hkh viuh vksj vkdf"kZr dj ysrs FksA xka/h th osQ lkFk jgus ij Hkh vagdkj mUgsa Nw rd ugha x;k FkkA ân; ls
fu'Ny FksA ;gh dkj.k Fkk fd fe=kksa osQ chp dHkh&dHkh Lo;a dks xka/h th dk ^gEeky* dgus esa vkSj dHkh&dHkh viuk
ifjp; muosQ ihj&ckophZ&fHk'rh&[kj osQ :i Eksa nsrs FksA mudh loksZo`Q"V fo'ks"krk Fkh fd os mPpdksfV osQ f'k"V] laLdkj
laiUu Hkk"kk osQ /uh FksA mudh euksgkjh ys[ku'kSyh bruh lqanj Fkh fd mls ns[kdj Hkkjr osQ ok;ljk; dks Hkh tyu gksrh
Fkh fd ,slk fy[kus okyk gesa D;ksa ugha feykA
mRrj 2- egknso nslkbZ dh rqyuk 'kqØrkjs ls dh xbZ gSA ftl çdkj u{k=k&eaMy esa 'kqØrkjs dh viuh ,d vyx igpku gSA
u{k=k&eaMy esa lcls çHkkoku rkjk 'kqØ gh gSA 'kqØrkjs dh vkHkk&çHkk dk o.kZu djus esa dfo;ksa us dksbZ deh ugha dh
gSA egknso HkkbZ Hkh 'kqØrkjs osQ leku viuh çfrHkk dk tknw d'ehj ls dU;koqQekjh rd fc[ksjrs jgsA budk thou xka/h
th dks lefiZr Fkk vkSj vius vafre le; rd xka/h th lsok esa vkSj lkfUuè; esa FksA budh çfrHkk] fouezrk] ljyrk]
lR;fu"Bk dks igpku ysus osQ ckn gh xka/h th us egknso HkkbZ dks viuk okfjl dgk FkkA os bUgsa viuk iq=k le>rs FksA
mRrj 3- ^;ax bafM;k* osQ laiknu dk dk;Z xka/h th osQ vius oaQ/ksa ij ys ysus osQ ckn dke bruk c<+ x;k fd lkIrkfgd i=k de
iM+us yxkA mUgksaus ^;ax bafM;k* dks nks ckj çdkf'kr djus dk fu'p; fd;kA ^;ax bafM;k* osQ ckn ^uo thou* xka/h th
osQ ikl vk;k vkSj nksuksa lkIrkfgd&i=k vgenkckn ls çdkf'kr gksus yxsA mlh le; ys[kd Ng eghuksa osQ fy, lkcjerh
vkJe esa jgus igq¡pkA 'kq: esa ys[kd dks xzkgdksa osQ fglkc&fdrkc dh vkSj lkIrkfgdksa dks Mkd esa Myokus dh O;oLFkk
f”kEes dhA ijarq oqQN gh fnuksa osQ ckn laiknu lfgr nksuksa lkIrkfgdksa dh vkSj Nik[kkus dh lkjh O;oLFkk ys[kd osQ f”kEes
vk xbZA
mRrj 4- egknso nslkbZ th dh e`R;q ij egkRek xka/h dks lcls cM+k vk?kkr yxkA og tc rd thfor jgs] mUgsa dHkh Hkwy ugha
ik,A mudh vuqifLFkfr dh ihM+k mUgsa lnSo vuqHkwr gkssrh jghA muosQ jgrs xka/h th dks fdlh dke dh fpark ugha jghA
tks dke djus ls og le;kHkko esa pwd tkrs] mls egknso th igys gh dj ysrsA xka/h th vkSj egknso th osQ chp vkRek
dk laca/ Fkk tks ,d&nwljs dh Hkkoukvksa dks fcuk dgs gh le> ysrs FksA blhfy, mudh ;kn esa xka/h th Hkr`Zgfj osQ ,d
Hktu dh ;g iafDr ges'kk nksgjkrs Fks µ^, js t[ke tksxs ufga t'ks*µvFkkZr ;g ”k[e ;ksx ls Hkh dHkh ugha HkjsxkA
mRrj 5- egknso nslkbZ dks yksdfç; cukus esa muosQ vkM+s gkFkksa ysus okys ys[k tks os xka/h th osQ fo#n~/ Vhdk&fVIi.kh osQ tokc
esa fy[krs Fks] dV~Vj ls dV~Vj fojksf/;ksa osQ lkFk Hkh iwjh&iwjh lR;fu"Bk esa ls mRiUu gksus okyh fou;&foosd ;qDr fookn
djus dh {kerk vkfn xq.kksa us rhoz enHksnksa vkSj fojks/h çpkj osQ chp Hkh ns'k&fons'k osQ lkjs lekpkj&i=kksa dh nqfu;k esa
vkSj ,aXyks&bafM;u lekpkj&i=kksa osQ chp Hkh O;fDrxr :i ls yksdfç; gks x,A muosQ yksdfç; gksus dk ,d dkj.k mudh
f'k"V] laLdkj laiUu Hkk"kk vkSj euksgkjh ys[ku 'kSyh] mudh lR;&fu"Bk] ljyrk vkSj Li"Vokfnrk Hkh FkhA
mRrj 6- egknso th dh Li"Vokfnrk] ns'k&fons'k osQ vxzx.; lekpkj&i=kksa esa xka/h osQ fo#n~/ Vhdk&fVIif.k;ksa osQ fo#n~/ mUgsa vkM+s
gkFkksa ysus okys ys[k] cstksM+ dkWye] Hkjiwj pkSdlh] Å¡ps ls Å¡ps fczfV'k lekpkj&i=kksa dh ijaijkvksa dks viukdj pyus dh
xka/h th n~okjk nh xbZ f'k{kk rFkk dV~Vj ls dV~Vj fojksf/;ksa osQ lkFk iwjh lR;&fu"Bk esa mRiUu gksus okyh fou;&foosd
;qDRk fookn djus dh xka/h th dh f'k{kk us rhoz erHksnksa vkSj fojks/h çpkj osQ chp Hkh ns'k&fons'k osQ lkjs lekpkj i=kksa
dh nqfu;k esa rFkk ,aXyks&bafM;u lekpkj&i=kksa osQ chp Hkh O;fDrxr :i ls egknso (,e-Mh-) dks lcdk ykM+yk cuk
fn;kA
mRrj 7- egknso th dh ys[ku&'kSyh vn~forh; :i esa lqanj FkhA mlls Hkh ljkguh; Fkk mudk Hkk"kk vkSj mlosQ O;kdj.k ij
vf/dkjA mudh fy[kkoV Hkk"kk&O;kdj.k dh n`f"V ls bruh 'kqn~/ Fkh fd ,d dksek dh =kqfV Hkh feyuk laHko ugha FkkA
tc eqykdkr osQ fy, vk, gq, yksx vius ?kj tkdj lkjh ckr Vkbi djosQ xka/h th osQ ikl vksosQ djokus igq¡prs rks
muesa Hkys gh oqQN dfe;k¡] [kkfe;k¡ fey tk,¡] ysfdu egknso dh Mk;jh esa ;k uksV&cgh eas ,d dkWek rd dh Hkh =kqfV
feyuk ukeqefdu FkkA blfy, xka/h th dgk djrs Fksµ ¶egknso osQ uksV osQ lkFk FkksM+k feyku dj ysrsA¸ ;g fo'ks"krk
Fkh egknso dh fy[kkoV dhA
mRrj 8- iatkc esa I+kQkSth 'kklu osQ nkSjku yksxksa dh iw.kZ Lora=krk lekIr gks xbZ FkhA iatkc osQ vf/drj usrkvksa dks fxjÝ+rkj
djosQ dkuwu osQ varxZr mezoSQn dk naM nsdj dkykikuh Hkst fn;k x;k FkkA ykgkSj osQ eq[; jk"Vªh; vaxzs”kh nSfud i=k
^fVªC;wu* osQ laiknd dkyhukFk jk; dks 10 o"kZ dh tsy dh l”kk feyhA bl çdkj iatkc esa Lora=krk vkSj vfHkO;fDr dk
vf/dkj lekIr gks x;k FkkA
19
 Li'kZ % Hkkx 1 µ dkO; [kaM
ikBµ6
in
dkO;ka'k ij vk/kfjr iz'u
dkO;ka'k µ 1
mRrj (i) d
 fo dks jke uke dh jV yxh gSA çLrqr in esa dfo us vius ân; osQ Hkko dks Li"V 'kCnksa esa çdV fd;k gSA jSnkl vius
vkjkè; dks ;kn djrs gq, muls viuh rqyuk djrk gSA og vius vkjkè; dks Lo;a ls ckgj ugha ekurkA mlosQ vkjkè;
mlosQ ân; esa gh fojkteku gSa ftldh vuqHkwfr og ckj&ckj djrk gS] ijarq mUgsa igpku ugha ikrkA blhfy, dgrk gS jke
uke dh tks jV yxh gS vc og oSQls NwV ldrh gS\ vFkkZr ugha NwV ldrhA
mRrj (ii) l
 qgkxk lksus esa feyrk gS vkSj mlosQ lkSan;Z dks n~foxqf.kr dj nsrk gSA dfo us bZ'oj dh rqyuk lqgkxs ls dh gS vkSj Lo;a
dks lksuk ekuk gSA og dgrk gS fd] ¶gs çHkq! gekjk vkidk feyu lksus vkSj lqgkxs osQ leku ifo=k gS] tSls lksus esa lqgkxk
feyus ls lksuk [kjk gks tkrk gS mlh rjg eSa vkiosQ lkfUuè; esa vkus ls ifo=k gks tkrk gw¡A¸
mRrj (iii) jSnkl us Lo;a dks bZ'oj dk nkl ekuk gSA tSls bZ'oj vkSj HkDr dk] lsod vkSj Lokeh dk vVwV fj'rk gksrk gS] oSls gh
jSnkl vkSj bZ'oj dk laca/A
dkO;ka'k µ 2
mRrj (i) bZ'oj nhuksa ij n;k djus okys nhukukFk gSaA jSnkl bZ'oj dh vuqdaik ls vfHkHkwr gSaA os dgrs gSa] ¶gs çHkq! vki xjhc
nhu&nqf[k;ksa ij n;k djus okys gSaA vki gh ,sls o`Qikyq Lokeh gSa tks eq> tSls nhu vkSj uhp osQ flj ij jktkvksa tSlk N=k
j[k fn;k gSA vFkkZr~ vkius gesa jktkvksa tSlk lEeku çnku fd;k gSA¸
mRrj (ii) jSnkl osQ Lokeh xjhc uok”k gSa] nhu&ghu nqf[k;ksa dk mn~/kj djus okys gSaA mudh o`Qik nhu&ghuksa ij gjne cjlrh gSA
os nhu&nqf[k;ksa ij n;k djus okys gSa] jSnkl osQ Lokeh muosQ tSls uhp vkSj v/eZ çk.kh ij Hkh vlhe o`Qik dj lEeku
çnku fd;k gSA
mRrj (iii) vNwrksa vkSj nhu&ghu çkf.k;ksa ij ije firk ijes'oj nzfor gksrk gSA
vU; egRoiw.kZ ç'u
vfr y?kwRrjkRed ç'u
mRrj 1- jSnkl bZ'oj osQ çse esa nhid esa ckrh (cRrh) osQ leku gSaA tSls nhid esa cRrh mlosQ çse esa tyrh gS mlh çdkj eSaus
Hkh vkiosQ çse esa vius dks lefiZr dj fn;k gSA
mRrj 2- lksus esa lqgkxk feyus ls og [kjk fo'kqn~/ gks tkrk gSA
mRrj 3- in esa HkDr&Hkxoku dh rqyuk panu vkSj ikuh ls] ?ku (ckny) vkSj eksj ls] nhid vkSj ckrh ls] eksrh vkSj /kxk ls]
lksus vkSj lqgkxk ls dh gSA
mRrj 4- jSnkl dh HkfDr esa nkL; Hkko dh ç/kurk gSA
mRrj 5- dfo osQ Lokeh dfo osQ flj ij viuh o`Qik HkfDr :ih N=k çnku djrs gSaA
mRrj 6- çHkq dk ân; nhu&ghu nqf[k;ksa dks ns[kdj nzfor gksrk gSA
mRrj 7- lar jfonkl ^jSnkl* osQ uke ls çfln~/ gSaA
mRrj 8- bl iafDr esa lar ukenso] dchj] f=kykspu] lnu dlkbZ dk mYys[k gSA
mRrj 9- gfj th osQ fy, lc oqQN laHko gSA os oqQN Hkh djus esa leFkZ gSaA
y?kwRrjkRed ç'u
mRrj 1-  ar dfo jSnkl osQ çHkq nhu&ghu vkSj nfyr yksxksa ij fo'ks"k o`Qik j[krs gSaA dfo us çLrqr in esa n`"Vkar Lo:i dbZ HkDrksa
l
dk uke fxuk;k gS tks vR;f/d nhu&ghu gksus ij Hkh ml ije n;kyq bZ'oj osQ o`Qikik=k cus gSaA ukenso] dchj] f=kykspu]
lnu dlkbZ vkfn ,sls gh lar gSa] ftUgsa lekt us frjLo`Qr fd;k] ij nhukukFk n;ky çHkq us mUgsa eku&lEeku çnku dj
viuh 'kj.k esa Lohdkj dj fy;kA
20
mRrj 2-  fo jke&uke dh jV dks blfy, ugha NksM+ ik jgs gSa D;ksafd og çHkq esa panu vkSj ikuh dh Hkk¡fr fey x, gSa ftlls
d
mudh HkfDr :ih lqxa/ vax&vax ls iwQV jgh gSA tSls ckny osQ meM+us ij eksj ukpus yxrk gS mlh çdkj bZ'oj dh ije
o`Qik ls dfo dk eu e;wj Hkh çlUu gks x;k gSA dfo bZ'oj esa nhid vkSj ckrh rFkk eksrh vkSj /kxk osQ leku ,d&nwljs
esa xq¡Fk x, gSa] blhfy, jke dh jV dks ugha NksM+ ldrkA
mRrj 3- x jhcksa osQ elhgk ije o`Qikyq ijes'oj gSaA bZ'oj dks dfo us xjhc uok”k crkrs gq, mudh efgek dk o.kZu bl çdkj
fd;k gSµog ije o`Qikyq ijekRek us eq> tSls uhp çk.kh osQ flj ij viuh o`Qik&:ih N=k j[kdj jktkvksa osQ leku
lEeku çnku fd;k gSA ftls uhp le>dj txr us R;kx fn;k mls nhun;kyq ijes'oj us viuh 'kj.k esa ysdj mldk eku
c<+k fn;k gSA ogh ijefirk uhp dks Hkh Å¡pk djus esa leFkZ gSA bZ'oj blh çdkj uhp] nhu&ghu dh lgk;rk djrk gSA
mRrj 4-  arksa dk ukeksYys[k dj dfo ;g crkuk pkgrk gS fd bZ'oj ije o`Qikyq vkSj nhu&ghu nfyrksa ij viuh o`Qik cjlkus
l
okys gSaA ogh muosQ l[kk] xq#] ekrk&firk gSaA muosQ ;gk¡ NksVs&cM+s] xjhc&vehj dk HksnHkko ugha gSA mUgksaus ukenso] dchj]
f=kykspu] lnu dlkbZ tSls uhp dgykus okyksa dks viuh 'kj.k esa fy;k vkSj lEeku çnku fd;kA ije ijes'oj xjhc
uok”k gSaA
mRrj 5-  ar dfo jSnkl osQ xksfoan loZ'kfDreku gSaA lcoqQN djus esa l{ke vkSj leFkZ gSaA os jkbZ dks ioZr vkSj ioZr dks jkbZ dj
l
ldrs gSaA os Å¡p dks uhp vkSj uhp dks Å¡p djus esa leFkZ gSaA mUgksaus dchj] lnu dlkbZ tSls uhp vkSj vikj yksxksa dks
viuh 'kj.k esa ysdj mUgsa efgek&eafMr fd;k gSA
mRrj 6- jSnkl us vius Lokeh dks xjhc uok”k] xkslkb±] xksfoan vkfn ukeksa ls lacksf/r fd;k gS vkSj muosQ le{k Lo;a dks nhu&ghu
uhp :i esa çLrqr fd;k gS rFkk çkFkZuk djrk gS fd tSls vkius dchj vkfn larksa dk mn~/kj fd;k gS] mlh çdkj mlij
Hkh o`Qik n`f"V djksA
mRrj 7- bl iafDr dk Hkko gS fd tSls panu osQ laioZQ esa jgus ls ikuh esa panu dh lqxa/ iSQy tkrh gS] mlh çdkj ,d HkDr osQ
ru&eu esa bZ'oj dh HkfDr O;kIr gks xbZ gSA dfo dk ân; bZ'oj dh HkfDr ls /U; gks x;k gSA
mRrj 8- bl iafDr dk Hkko ;g gS fd tSls pdksj i{kh lnk panzek dh vksj n`f"V yxk, jgrk gS] mlh dks çkIr djus dh ykylk
esa iwjh jkr tkxrk gS] mlh çdkj HkDr Hkh vius ije vkjkè; dk çse lkfUuè; çkIr djus osQ fy, rjlrk jgrk gSA
mRrj 9- bl iafDr dk Hkko ;g gS fd dfo Lo;a dks nhid dh ckrh ekurk gS tks nhid osQ çse esa jkr&fnu tyrk jgrk gS] mlh
çdkj dfo Hkh vius ije vkjkè; osQ çse esa fnu&jkr mldk uke ti fd;k djrk gSA
mRrj 10- bl iafDr dk Hkko ;g gS fd bZ'oj gh xjhc uok”k gSA xjhc] nhu&ghu vkSj uhp dgykus okys O;fDr dks viuh 'kj.k
esa ysdj lEeku nsus okyk ,dek=k bZ'oj gh gSA bZ'oj gh lekt n~okjk Bqdjk, tkus okyksa dks vaxhdkj dj lEeku çnku
djrk gSA muosQ ;gk¡ uhp&Å¡p] NksVs&cM+s dk dksbZ Hksn ugha gSA ije n;kyq bZ'oj gh mUgsa viuh 'kj.k esa ysdj mPp LFkku
ij inklhu djrs gSaA
mRrj 11- bl iafDr dk Hkko ;g gS fd dfo dk xksfoan bruk 'kfDroku gS] lkeF;Zoku gS fd og fcuk fdlh ls Mjs HksnHkko jfgr]
gksdj çR;sd dk;Z djus okyk gSA og uhp dks mPp in çnku djus esa leFkZ gSA mldh o`Qik gksus ij uhp Hkh Å¡p cudj
lEeku çkIr dj ysrk gSA
mRrj 12- jSnkl osQ igys in dk ewy Hkko gS fd jSnkl ije n;kyq ijekRek osQ ijeHkDr gSaA os vius bZ'oj ls bl çdkj ?kqy&fey
x, gSa] ,dkdkj gks x, gSa fd mUgsa çHkq ls vyx djosQ ns[kk gh ugha tk ldrkA og panu&ikuh] ?ku&eksj] pan vkSj pdksj]
nhid&ckrh] eksrh&/kxk osQ leku ,d&nwljs esa yhu gks x, gSaA fcuk bZ'oj osQ dfo Lo;a dh dYiuk gh ugha dj ldrkA
mRrj 13- bl in dk osQna hz ; Hkko ;g gS fd dfo osQ çHkq loZx.q k laiUu gaAS loZ'kfDr&lkeF;Zoku gSAa os ije n;kyq vkSj len'khZ gSAa
muesa HksnHkko dk ys'kek=k Hkh ugha gSA os xjhcksa osQ j{kd gS]a muosQ j[kokys gSAa os gh nhu&ghu&nfyrksa osQ mn~/kj djus okys
gSAa muesa gh uhp dks Hkh Å¡p cukus dh {kerk gSA ftlij mudh o`Qik gks xbZ] mls fcuk Hksn Hkko osQ vaxhdkj djrs gSAa
fuca/kRed ç'u
mRrj 1-  fo bZ'oj osQ lkFk panu vkSj ikuh] ?ku (ckny) ou vkSj eksj] panz&pdksj] eksrh&/kxk] nhid&ckrh] lksuk&lqgkxk dh
d
Hkk¡fr ,dkdkj gks x;k gSA dfo bZ'oj dks ijeHkDr gks x;k gSA og bZ'oj ls bl çdkj ,dkdkj gks x;k gS tSls panu osQ
laioZQ esa ty osQ vkus ls iwjs ty esa panu dh lqxa/ O;kIr gks tkrh gS] mlh çdkj bZ'oj Hkh dfo osQ jkse&jkse esa lek
x;k gSA dfo bZ'oj dks dkys ckny osQ leku crkrs gq, dgrk gS fd dkys cknyksa osQ vkus ls taxy esa tSls eksj vkuafnr
gksdj ukpus yxrs gSa] mlh çdkj bZ'oj dh o`Qik çkIr gksus ij mldk eue;wj çlUurk esa ukpus yxk gSA dfo pdksj i{kh
dh Hkk¡fr panzek&:ih bZ'oj dk lkfUuè; çkIr djus osQ fy, rjl jgk gSA dfo nhid oQh ckrh dh Hkk¡fr bZ'oj osQ çse
21
 esa ty jgk gSA tSls eksrh dks /kxs esa fijks;k tkrk gS mlh çdkj og Hkh bZ'oj esa iw.kZ :i ls yhu gks x;kA bl çdkj
dfo bZ'oj esa ,dkdkj gks x;k gSA
mRrj 2- bZ'oj osQ çfr iw.kZ leiZ.k djus okyh HkfDr ls gh euq"; dk dY;k.k gks tkrk gSA dfo bZ'oj osQ çfr vuU; çse O;Dr
djrk gSA og bZ'oj osQ lkfUuè; osQ fy, oqQN Hkh dj ldus osQ fy, rRij gSA dfo bZ'oj dks Lokeh osQ :i esa vkSj
Lo;a dks lsod osQ :i ekurk gSA dfo bZ'oj dks loZxq.k laiUu] lkeF;Zoku vksj 'kfDroku ekurk gSA mlosQ vuqlkj bZ'oj
HksnHkko ls jfgr gSSA mlosQ ;gk¡ NksVk&cM+k] Å¡p&uhp dk dksbZ HksnHkko ugha gSaA og osQoy HkfDr dks loZJs"B ekurk gS
vkSj vius HkDr dk dY;k.k djus esa iw.kZ leFkZ gSA ogh ,dek=k nhu&ghu&nfyrksa dks vaxhdkj dj mUgsa lEekuuh; cuk
ldrk gSA
mRrj 3-  fo us vius ije vkjkè; ijekRek dks xjhc uok”k dgk gSA bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd ijefirk ijes'oj osQ ;gk¡ Å¡p&uhp]
d
NksVk&cM+k dk dksbZ Hksn ugha gSA bZ'oj vius xjhc] nhu&ghu] nfyr HkDrksa dks ije in çnku djrk gSA ml ijefirk
ijes'oj osQ ;gk¡ Hkko dh] çse dh ç/kurk gSA tks mlosQ çfr çseHkko j[krk gS] vagdkj 'kwU; gksdj iw.kZ leiZ.k ls mls
;kn djrk gS] og nhun;ky bZ'oj mls fcuk lekt dh ijokg fd, lekt esa mPp lEeku çnku djrk gSA
mRrj 4- bl iafDr dk vk'k; ;g gS fd ;g lekt nhu&ghu nfyr yksxksa dks lEeku ugha nsrk] muls nwj jgrk gSA ijarq ijefirk
ijes'oj lHkh rjg osQ HksnHkko ls jfgr gksdj] bu nhu&ghu&nfyr yksxksa dks xys&ls yxkrk gSA mUgsa lekt esa lEeku]
çfr"Bk çkIr djus ;ksX; cukrk gSA dfo dgrk gS fd bl lalkj esa ftls dgha 'kj.k ugha feyrh og blh ije o`Qikyq
ijekRek dh 'kj.k esa vkrk gSA bl ije n;kyq çHkq esa uhp dks Hkh mPp djus dh lkeF;Z gSA dfo dgrk gS fd gekjs
xksfoan fdlh ls Mjus okys ugha gSA os HkfDrHkko osQ Hkw[ks gSaA mUgsa tgk¡ HkfDrHkko ls ;kn fd;k tkrk gS] os ogk¡ fuf'pr
:i ls ig¡qp tkrs gSa vkSj vius HkDr dk dY;k.k djrs gSaA
mRrj 5- jSnkl osQ ikB esa fy, x, inksa dk osQanzh; Hkko bl çdkj gSµ
igys in esa dfo vius çHkq dk vuU; HkDr gSA og vius vkjkè; dks Lej.k djrs gq, muls viuh rqyuk djrk gSA dfo
dk çHkq ckgj dgha fdlh eafnj ;k efLtn ;k xq#n~okjs esa ugha fojkteku gSA og lnSo dfo osQ ân; esa fuokl djrk gSA
dfo dk çHkq loZxq.k laiUu] loZ lkeF;Zoku gS] og len'khZ gS blhfy, dfo bZ'oj esa ,dkdkj ,oa iw.kZ :i ls yhu gks
x;k gSA
nwljs in esa dfo us bZ'oj dh vikj mnkjrk] o`Qik vkSj muosQ len'khZ LoHkko dk o.kZu fd;k gSA jSnkl dgrs gSa fd Hkxoku
us rFkkdfFkr fuEu oqQy osQ HkDrksa dks Hkh lgt Hkko ls viuk;k gS] muij viuh o`Qik n`f"V isQjh gS vkSj mUgsa lekt esa
lEekuuh; LFkku fnyk;k gSA
mRrj 6-  fork Nancn~/ jpuk gSA Nan ukn lkSan;Z dh l`f"V djrk gSA Nan osQ n~okjk gh dfork esa y;] rqd] xfr vkSj çokg vkrk
d
gSA o.kZ vkSj 'kCn osQ lkFkZd vkSj leqfpr foU;kl ls dfork esa ukn lkSan;Z vkSj laxhrkRedrk vkrh gS rFkk dfork dk
lkSan;Z c<+ tkrk gSA
jSnkl osQ inksa esa ukn lkSan;Z gS D;ksafd çR;sd iafDr osQ var esa rqdkar 'kCnksa dk ç;ksx gqvk gS] blhfy, blesa ukn lkSan;Z
vFkkZr èofu dk lkSan;Z vk x;k gS_ tSlsµikuh&lekuh] eksjk&pdksjk] ckrh&jkrh] /kxk&lqgkxk] nklk&jSnklk vkfnA
ikBµ7
nksgs
dkO;ka'k ij vk/kfjr ç'u
dkO;ka'k µ 1
mRrj (i) çse dh Mksj fdlh Lotu ls c¡/h gksrh gSA dfo jghe osQ nksgs vuqHko dh dlkSVh ij dls gq, gSa vkSj lR; ij vk/kfjr
gSaA dfo dk vuqHko ;g gS fd çhr osQ /kxs dks fdlh ls ck¡/us esa cgqr R;kx] leiZ.k vkSj fo'okl dh vko';drk gksrh
gSA blfy, dfo dgrs gSa fd çse osQ /kxs dks cgqr l¡Hkky osQ j[kuk gksrk gSA
mRrj (ii) jghenkl th çse osQ /kxs dks u rksM+us dh ckr blfy, dgrs gSa D;ksafd çse dk /kxk ck¡/us esa cgqr R;kx] ifjJe vkSj
fo'okl cukuk iM+rk gS rc dgha eqf'dy ls ;g /kxk tqM+rk gSA blfy, dfo çse osQ /kxs dks u rksM+us dh ckr dgrk
gSA tc nks çsfe;ksa osQ chp fo'okl VwV tkrk gS rks ;g çse dk /kxk Hkh VwV tkrk gS] vkSj ;fn fiQj tqM+rk gS rks mlesa
/kxs dh Hkk¡fr xk¡B iM+ tkrh gSA
mRrj (iii) /kxk tksM+us ls dfo dk vk'k; gSµçse laca/ LFkkfir djuk] vkil esa vkReh;rk LFkkfir djukA
22
dkO;ka'k µ 2
mRrj (i) ,d ossQ lk/us dk vfHkçk; gS ,d dk gh fo'okl çkIr djuk] ,d gh bZ'oj dh vkjk/uk djukA ,d gh txg è;ku
osQafnzr djukA dfo jghe dgrs gSa fd ,d osQ gh lk/us ls ,d ijefirk ijekRek dk lkfUUkè; çkIr dj ysus ij lHkh
vius vki gh çlUu gks tkrs gSaA
mRrj (ii) d
 fo jghe ,d gh bZ'oj dh vkjk/uk ij cy nsrs gSaA blosQ fy, n`"VkarLo:i dfo o`{k dh tM+ dh miek nsrs gSa fd
o`{k osQ ewy esa ty nsus ls o`{k dh tM+ksa vkSj lHkh 'kk[kkvksa dks ty çkIRk gks tkrk gS vkSj vPNh rjg iQy&iwQy nsrs gSaA
mlh rjg ,d gh ijekRek dh vkjk/uk ls muls lHkh nsork çlUu gks tkrs gSaA
mRrj (iii) dfo dgrk gS fd o`{k osQ ewy esa ty nsus ls o`{k osQ lHkh Hkkxksa dks çkIr gks tkrk gSA
dkO;ka'k µ 3
mRrj (i) jghe dfo dgrs gSa fd vo/ osQ jktk jke fp=kowQV esa je.k dj jgs gSa fp=kowQV dh efgek vikj gSA fp=kowQV og LFkku
gS tgk¡ vo/ osQ gksus okys jktk jke ekrk&firk dh vkKk ls pkSng o"kZ dk ouokl x,] rc mudk çFke fuokl fp=kowQV
gh jgkA bl nksgs esa jghenkl dg jgs gSa foink osQ le; bZ'oj osQ 'kj.k esa gh tkuk pkfg,] D;ksafd foink osQ le; ou
Hkh jktegy yxus yxrk gS] tSls jke dks fp=kowQV esa yxk FkkA
mRrj (ii) v;ksè;k osQ jktk jke dks foifRr osQ le; fp=kowQV tSls ou esa jguk iM+k FkkA mlh rjg euq"; dks foink iM+us ij bZ'oj
'kj.k esa tkuk pkfg,A ogh ije o`Qikyq foink esa mls nwj djus dh 'kfDr çnku djsaxsA
mRrj (iii) ;g nksgk gesa blfy, çHkkfor djrk gS D;ksafd dfo foink esa O;FkZ b/j&m/j HkVdus dh ctk; bZ'oj 'kj.k esa tkus dh
ckr dgrk gSA
dkO;ka'k µ 4
mRrj (i) çLrqr nksgs esa iad ty dh rqyuk lkxj ls dh xbZ gSA dfo dg jgk gS iad ;qDr rkykc ;k tyk'k; lkxj osQ ty ls
dgha cgqr vPNk vkSj egku gS D;ksafd gS D;ksafd lkxj esa fo'kky tyjkf'k gksus osQ ckotwn [kkjk gksus osQ dkj.k og O;FkZ
gS] D;ksafd mls ih;k ugha tk ldrk] fdarq iad ;qDr ljksoj osQ FkksM+s ty ls çkf.k;ksa dh I;kl cq>rh gSA
mRrj (ii) leqnz ty blfy, egku ugha gS D;ksafd [kkjk gksus osQ dkj.k ;s is; ;ksX; ugha gSA og fdlh dh I;kl ugha cq>k ldrkA
mRrj (iii) iad ty blfy, vPNk gS D;ksafd og çkf.k;ksas dh I;kl cq>kus esa l{ke gSA
dkO;ka'k µ 5
mRrj (i) çLrqr nksgs osQ ekè;e ls dfo vius vuqHko ,oa thou&lR; dk mn~?kkVu djrs gq, mnkgj.k nsrs gSa fd tc dksbZ ckr ,d
ckj fcxM+ tkrh gS rc yk[k ç;Ru djus ij Hkh curh ughaA Bhd mlh rjg tSls iQVs gq, nw/ dks eaFkus ls eD[ku ugha
fudyrkA iQVs gq, nw/ esa ?kh ugha curkA ;g thou dk dBksj lR; gS ftls euq"; dks gjne è;ku j[kuk pkfg,A
mRrj (ii) d
 fo us vius vuqHko dFku osQ leFkZu esa iQVs gq, nw/ dk mnkgj.k fn;k gSA ftl çdkj iQVs gq, nw/ dks yk[k ekFkus
ij eD[ku ugha fudyrk mlh rjg ,d ckj fcxM+h ckr yk[k ç;Ru djus osQ ckotwn Hkh ugha curhA
mRrj (iii) nw/ tc iQV tkrk gS rc mlesa ls eD[ku ugha fudyrkA
dkO;ka'k µ 6
mRrj (i) jghe osQ vuqlkj thou esa le; dk cgqr egRo gSA le; iM+us ij euq"; dks dc fdldh ”k:jr iM+ tk,] dgk ugha
tk ldrkA blfy, mls NksVh vkSj cM+h] gj çdkj dh oLrq dks egRoiw.kZ le>uk pkfg,A cM+s osQ le{k NksVs dks dHkh
Hkh ugha R;kxuk pkfg, D;ksafd tgk¡ tSlh NksVh oLrq ls dke pyuk gS ogk¡ ryokj oqQN lgk;rk ugha dj ldrhA
mRrj (ii) d
 fo nksgs esa lwbZ dk mYys[k ,d lw{e oLrq vkSj mldh egRoiw.kZ mi;ksfxrk osQ lanHkZ esa fd;k gSA dfo ;g crkus dk
ç;kl fd;k gS fd le; osQ vuqlkj tgk¡ lwbZ dh lgk;rk ls dke laiUu gksuk gS ogk¡ cM+h gksus ij Hkh ryokj dksbZ
lgk;rk ugha dj ldrhA
mRrj (iii) bl nksgs ls ;g çsj.kk feyrh gS fd NksVh vkSj cM+h lHkh oLrq dk lEeku djuk pkfg,A
dkO;ka'k µ 7
mRrj (i) jghe th dks thou dk fo'kky vuqHko FkkA mUgksaus bl lalkj dks cgqr fudV ls ns[kk FkkA mUgksaus ns[kk Fkk fd foifRrdky
eu dh O;Fkk tkuus osQ ckn Hkh dksbZ Hkh mls ck¡Vus dk ç;Ru ugha djrk cfYd tku ysus esa pkj yksxksa esa ck¡Vdj vkuan
mBkrs gSaA blhfy, mUgksaus dgk vius eu dh O;Fkk dks vius eu esa gh vius rd gh lhfer j[kuk pkfg,A
23
mRrj (ii) nwljksa osQ eu dh ihM+k dks tku ysus osQ ckn dksbZ Hkh mls ck¡Vus dk ç;Ru ugha djrk cfYd vkSj pkj yksxksa esa ck¡Vdj
e”kkd mM+krk vkSj vkuafnr gksrk gSA blhfy, dfo vius eu dh ihM+k dks fdlh ls dgus osQ fy, euk djrk gSA
mRrj (iii) vfBySgSa dk vFkZ µ e”kkd mM+k,¡xs] bByk,¡xsA
dkO;ka'k µ 8
mRrj (i) dfo jghe dgrs gSa fd nksgk Nan esa ;n~;fi v{kj cgqr de gksrs gSa ijarq ;s cgqr xaHkhj vkSj fo'kky vFkZ fy, gksrs gSaA
Bhd mlh rjg tSlsµjLlh ij djrc fn[kkus okyk leFkZ uV oqaQMyh lesVdj owQndj jLlh ij p<+ tkrk gSA bl çdkj
bl nksgs dk ewy Hkko gS fdlh oLrq dks NksVh ugha le>uh pkfg,A mldh mi;ksfxrk cgqr cM+h gks ldrh gSA nwljk Hkko
gSµ nksgk Nan dks v{kj de gksus ls NksVk ugha le>uk pkfg,] blesa xaHkhj vFkZ fn;k gksrk gSA
mRrj (ii) d
 fo us ^uV* dk mnkgj.k blfy, fn;k gS fd jLlh ij [ksy rek'ks fn[kkus okyk viuh n{krk ls vius 'kjhj dks fldksM+dj
rax jkLrs esa Hkh liQyrkiwoZd fudy tkrk gS ;k jLlh ij owQndj p<+ tkrk gSA mlh çdkj nksgk Nan NksVk gksus ij Hkh
cgqr xw<+ vFkZ fy, gksrk gSA
mRrj (iii) dfo jghe osQ vuqlkj nksgs vkdkj esa NksVs gksus ij Hkh xaHkhj vFkZoku gksrs gSaA
dkO;ka'k µ 9
mRrj (i) jghe us mu yksxksa dks i'kq ls Hkh v/eZ crk;k gS tks yksx dykdkj dh dyk ij eksfgr gksdj Hkh dHkh dykeeZK mldh
dyk dk ewY; ugha le>rk vkSj mls fcuk oqQN fn, mls [kkyh gkFk tkus nsrk gSA nwljksa dh dyk ls] mlosQ ln~O;ogkj
ls çHkkfor gksuk Hkh mls [kkyh gkFk tkus nsuk ik'kfod deZ gSA tcfd laxhr dh èofu (ukn) ls çHkkfor gksdj fgj.k
i'kq gksdj Hkh vius çk.k ns nsrk gSA
mRrj (ii) dfo jghe bl nksgs osQ ekè;e ls dgrs gSaµ fgj.k i'kq gksdj Hkh laxhr Ukkn dks lqudj bruk eqX/ gks tkrk gS fd mls
vius çk.k dh Hkh lq/ ugha jgrh vkSj f'kdkjh osQ gkFkksa ekjk tkrk gSA os O;fDr rks i'kq osQ leku gSa tks fdlh dykdkj
dh dyk ij jh>us osQ ckotwn dykeeZK gkssdj Hkh mls oqQN ugha nsrs] mldh dyk dk vieku djrs gSaA
mRrj (iii) e`x ukn (laxhr dh 'kCn èofu) ij eqX/ gksdj çk.k rd U;ksNkoj dj nsrk gSA
vU; egRoiw.kZ iz'u
vfr y?kwRRkjkRed ç'u
mRrj 1- ekrk&firk osQ pkSng o"kZ osQ ouokl dh vkKk osQ dkj.k vo/ujs'k jke dks ou tkuk iM+k FkkA
mRrj 2- ^uV* vius laiw.kZ 'kjhj (oqaQMyh) dks lesV dj ladjs ekxZ esa Hkh owQndj Åij p<+ tkrk gSA
mRrj 3- lkxj dh cM+kbZ blfy, ugha gkssrh fd fo'kky tyjkf'k gksus ij Hkh og fdlh dh I;kl ughaa cq>k ldrk D;ksafd mldk
ty [kkjk gksrk gSA
mRrj 4- fgj.k ukn ij eqX/ gksdj vius çk.k x¡ok cSBrk gSA
mRrj 5- jghe dfo us lq>ko fn;k gS fd çse osQ /kxs ,slk er rksM+ks dh og VwV gh tk;s D;ksafd ,d ckj VwVus ij tqM+ rks tkrk
gS ij xk¡B iM+ tkrh gSA
mRrj 6- fdlh osQ eu dh O;Fkk tkudj yksxksa dks ck¡Vus dk ç;Ru dj losQ] ftlls O;fFkr O;fDr dks vkjke feysA
mRrj 7- vo/ujs'k dks ouokl osQ dkj.k fp=kowQV tkuk iM+kA
mRrj 8- vo/ujs'k 'kCn dk ç;ksx ^jke* osQ fy, gqvk gSA
mRrj 9- os yksx i'kq ls Hkh v/e gksrs gSa tks fdlh dyk ij jh>dj Hkh mls [kkyh gkFk okil Hkst nsrs gSaA
mRrj 10- fcuk viuh laifRr osQ fcxM+s fnuksa esa dksbZ lkFkh&lg;ksx ugha gksrkA
y?kwRrjkRed ç'u
mRrj 1- dfo us bls nks vFkks± eas Li"V fd;k gSµ igyk vFkZ gSµ,d 'kh"kZ O;fDr dks euk ysus ls] jk”kh dj ysus ls lHkh dk;Z
laiUu gks tkrs gS D;ksafd mlosQ gkFk esa lkjs dk;ks± dk vf/dkj gksrk gSA nwljk vFkZ gSµ ,d ijefirk ijekRek dks çkIr
dj ysus osQ ckn lHkh lkalkfjd oLrq,¡ Lor% fln~/ gks tkrh gSaA fcuk bZ'oj&o`Qik osQ çkIr lkalkfjd oLrq,¡ Hkh fdlh dke
ugha vkrhA

24
mRrj 2- dfo osQ vuqlkjµ o`{k dh tM+ esa ty nsus ls gh lok±xh.k fodkl gksrk gSA tM+ lhapus ls gh og 'kkf[kr] iYyfor]
iqf"ir gksrk gS vkSj mlesa iQy yxus yxrs gSa] mlh rjg fdlh eq[; O;fDr dks i{k esa dj ysus ls lHkh dke fln~/ gks
tkrs gSaA
mRrj 3- O;fDr fdlh dks viuk lqân tkudj gh vius eu dh O;Fkk lqukrk gS ijarq og lqân O;fDr mldh O;Fkk esa fdlh çdkj
dh enn djuk ;k mldh O;Fkk dks ck¡Vus dk ç;RUk djuk rks nwj] mls pkj yksxksa esa ck¡V dj mldk e”kkd mM+krk gSA
mRrj 4- fdlh oLrq dks NksVh le>dj mldh mis{kk blfy, ugha djuh pkfg, D;ksafd tgk¡ dke NksVh oLrq ls laiUu gksuk gS ogk¡
cM+h oLrq dksbZ lgk;rk ugha dj ldrh] Bhd mlh rjg tSls tgk¡ dke lwbZ dk gS ogk¡ ryokj dk dksbZ mi;ksx ugha gks
ldrkA blfy, NksVh oLrqvksa dks Hkh mruk dh egRRo nsuk pkfg, ftruk cM+h dksA
mRrj 5- dfo ml rjg osQ O;fDr dks i'kq ls Hkh cnrj crk jgk gS tks fdlh dykdkj dh dyk ls eqX/ gksdj Hkh mldh dyk
dk ewY; ugha nsrk vkSj [kkyh gkFk okil Hkst nsrk gSA tcfd i'kq gksdj Hkh fgju laxhr ukn ls eqX/ gksdj vius çk.k
ns nsrk gSA
mRrj 6- fgj.k laxhr ukn dks lqudj vius çk.kksa dh fpark fd, fcuk eqX/ gksdj nkSM+rk pyk vkrk gS vkSj cgsfy, (f'kdkjh) dk
f'kdkj cu tkrk gSA mls vius çk.k tkus dk Hk; ugha jg tkrkA
mRrj 7- tyghu dey dh j{kk lw;Z blfy, ugha dj ikrk D;ksafd dey dh I;kl ty ls gh cq>rh gSA og ty ls gh thou
ikrk gS vkSj iq"i :i esa f[kyrk gSA mlh rjg viuh laifRr osQ u"V gksus ij nwljk O;fDr lkFk ugha ns ldrkA
mRrj 8- dfo dgrk gS fd ,d gh eq[; O;fDr dks i{k esa dj ysus ij lkjs dke gks tkrs gSa vFkok ,d gh ijekRek dh lk/uk
dj mls çkIr dj ysus ij lHkh lkalkfjd dk;Z fln~/ gks tkrs gaS] b/j&m/j HkVdus dh vko';drk ugha jg tkrhA Bhd
mlh rjg o`{k dh tM+ esa ikuh nsus ls gh o`{k dk lok±xh.k fodkl gksrk gS vkSj og 'kkf[kr] iYyfor] iqf"ir gksdj iQy
nsus yxrk gSA
fuca/kRed ç'u
mRrj 1- eksrh] ekuq"k] pwu osQ lanHkZ esa ikuh dh mi;ksfxrkµeksrh dk ikuh (vkHkk) lekIr gks tkus ij mldh ped pyh tkrh
gSA ,sls esa eksrh egRoghu gks tkrh gSA euq"; dk ikuh (pfj=k@eku&lEeku) pys tkus ij mldh Hkh iwN lekt esa ugha
jg tkrhA mldk thou O;FkZ çrhr gksus yxrk gSA pwuµpwuk esa ikuh u jgus ij og e`r gks tkrk gSA pwus dh 'kfDr {kh.k
gks tkrh gSA pwu dk vFkZ vkVk ls Hkh fy;k x;k gSA vkVk ikuh ls xw¡Fk dj gh fofHkUu idoku cu ldrk gS ijarq ikuh
osQ fcuk mldh mi;ksfxrk ?kV tkrh gSA bl rjg eksrh] euq"; vkSj pwuk@vkVk osQ fy, ikuh dh cgqr mi;ksfxrk gSA
mRrj 2- çse :ih /kxk VwVus ij tqM+ rks tkrk gS ijarq mlesa xk¡B iM+ tkrh gSA çse ijLij vkil osQ fo'okl dk ifj.kke gksrk gSA
ijLij fo'okl cgqr ifjJe vkSj R;kx dk ifj.kke gksrk gS tks cgqr dksey gksrk gSA tqM+rk rks cgqr R;kx ifjJe ls gS
ijarq rfud pwd gqbZ] rfud Hkh LokFkZ dk mn; gqvk fd ;g çse :ih dksey /kxk VwV tkrk gSA fiQj tqM+ rks tkrk gS
ijarq mlesa fo'okl dh xk¡B iM+ tkrh gSA Bhd oSls gh ekuo eu esa ,d ckj lansg tkx`r gks tk, vFkkZr çse :ih /kxk
VwV tk, rks mls iqu% LFkkfir ugha fd;k tk ldrkA
mRrj 3- çse :ih /kxk ekuo laca/ksa dks ,d lw=k esa ck¡/rk gSA ;g çse ekuo osQ chp cgqr fo'okl vkSj ifjJe ls mitrk gSA
;g çse lw=k bruk dksey gksrk gS fd rfud ls LokFkZ osQ vkrs gh fo'okl dks Mxexk nsrk gS vkSj ;g /kxk VwV tkrk
gSA fiQj çk;% rks tqM+rk gh ugha_ vkSj tqM+rk gS rks vfo'okl dh xk¡B iM+ tkrh gSA vr% çse laca/ vFkd ç;Ru ls curs
gSa tc ,d cu tkrs gSa rks mUgsa cgqr lko/kuh ls l¡Hkkyuk pkfg,A ,d ckj VwV tkus ij og e/qjrk lekIr gks tkrh gSA
nksuksa i{kksa osQ eu esa njkj iM+ tkrh gSA pkgdj Hkh nksuksa ,d&nwljs ij fo'okl ugha dj ldrsA Bhd mlh rjg tc ekuo
eu esa ,d ckj lansg mRiUu gks tk,] vfo'okl vk tk, rks çse dk /kxk VwV tkrk gS vkSj tqM+rk ugha vkSj ;fn tqM+rk
gS rks xk¡B iM+ tkrh gSA
mRrj 4- çLrqr nksgs esas dfo jghe vius eu dh ihM+k nwljkssa dks ugha crkus dk ijke'kZ nsrs gq, dgrs gSaµ eu osQ nq[k dks] eu dh
O;Fkk dks eu esa gh j[kuk pkfg, fdlh ls O;Dr ugha djuk pkfg,A D;ksafd lHkh yksx vki dh O;Fkk dks lqudj dksbZ
lgk;rk ugha djsaxs ijarq vkidk e”kkd vo'; mM+k,¡xsA dfo vius vuqHko dks ck¡Vrs gq, dg jgs gSa fd dksbZ fdlh osQ
nq[k esa lkFkh ugha gksrkA nwljs osQ nq[k esa O;fFkr gksus dh ;k nq[k ck¡Vus dh vknr gh ugha gksrh cfYd ihfM+r O;fDr dk
e”kkd mM+kus osQ vH;Lr gksrs gSaA blhfy, dfo us vius eu dh O;Fkk fdlh ls u crkus dh lykg nh gSA
mRrj 5- dfo jghe us dgk gSµcM+s vkneh dh laxfr gks tkus ;k cM+h oLrq osQ çkIr gksus ij NksVs vkneh dk R;kx ugha djuk
pkfg, ;k NksVh oLrqvksa dks isaQd ugha nsuk pkfg,A dc fdldh vko';drk iM+] tk, D;ksafd tgk¡ lwbZ ls dk;Z gks ldrk
gS] ogk¡ ryokj dksbZ lgk;rk ugha dj ldrhA lwbZ dk dk;Z lwbZ gh dj ldrh gSA
25
 ikBµ8
,d iwQy dh pkg
dkO;ka'k ij vk/kfjr iz'u
dkO;ka'k µ 1
mRrj (i) ftl ek¡ dh larku ej xbZ gks mls e`roRlk dgrs gSaA çLrqr dfork esa dfo fl;kjke'kj.k xqIr us ml le; dk o.kZu
fd;k gS tc lekt esa NqvkNwr dk ?kksj vfHk'kki lekt ij çHkkoh FkkA NksVh tkfr;ksa osQ yksxksa dk eafnjksa esa ços'k oftZr
FkkA mUgha fnuksa chekjh dk Hkh çdksi xk¡oksa esa vkrk Fkk vkSj xk¡o osQ xk¡o chekjh dks HksaVs p<+ tkrsA mlh le; dk o.kZu
dfo us viuh jpuk esa fd;k gS] ftlesa vusd ekrk,¡ viuh fç; larkuksa dks [kks nsrh FkhA mUgha osQ fy, e`roRlk 'kCn
dk ç;ksx fd;k gSA
mRrj (ii) gkgkdkj epus vkSj vk¡lqvksa dh >M+h yxus dk dkj.k Fkk &xk¡o esa egkekjh dk çdksiA dfork osQ jpukdky osQ le;
,slh Hk;kud chekfj;ksa dk çdksi gksrk Fkk tks xk¡o osQ xk¡o dks e`R;q dh xksn esa lqyk tkrk FkkA ml le; xk¡oksa esa
ph[k&fpYykgV vkSj gkgkdkj dh èofu mB tkrhA lqântuksa dh vk¡[kksa ls vJq lw[k ugha ikrs FksA
mRrj (iii) ;gk¡ çLrqr dfork esa ml le; osQ egkekjh dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS tc loZ=k gkgkdkj epk gqvk FkkA
dkO;ka'k µ 2
mRrj (i) firk lqf[k;k dks ckgj blfy, ugha tkus nsuk pkgrs Fks fd xk¡o esa egkekjh iSQyh gqbZ FkhA lqf[k;k ,d ckj chekjh dk
f'kdkj gks pqdh Fkh] fdlh çdkj mlosQ çk.k cps FksA vc nksckjk mls e`R;q osQ Tkky esa tkrk ugha ns[kuk pkgrs FksA blfy,
mls ckgj [ksyus osQ fy, ugha tkus nsuk pkgrs FksA
mRrj (ii) l
 qf[k;k firk osQ yk[k dgus vkSj le>kus ij Hkh ckgj [ksyus osQ fy, tkus dh ftn~n dj jgh FkhA og firk dh ckr fdlh
rjg ekuus dks rS;kj ugha FkhA firk mldh cky lqyHk ftn~n ls cgqr nq[kh FksA os mls cgqr I;kj djrs Fks vkSj fdlh Hkh
çdkj ls [kksuk ugha pkgrs Fks blhfy, cgqr nq[kh FksA
mRrj (iii) mlosQ iqu% chekj gksus osQ Mj ls firk dk ân; dk¡i mBrk FkkA
dkO;ka'k µ 3
mRrj (i) l
 qf[k;k osQ firk mldh bPNk dh iwfrZ osQ fy, nsoh th osQ eafnj ls nsoh ij p<+k ,d iwQy ysus x, FksA ogk¡ osQ lo.kZ
yksx ,d nfyr dk eafnj esa ços'k djuk vkSj nsoh dh ewfrZ dks vifo=k dj nsuk cnkZ'r u dj losQA mlosQ Åij eafnj
dks vifo=k djus vkSj nsoh dk vieku djus dk vkjksi yxkdj lqf[k;k osQ firk dks tsy Hkstok fn;kA mldk vijk/
nfyr gksdj eafnj esa ços'k vkSj nsoh dk vieku djuk FkkA ftldk mls naM feykA
mRrj (ii) l
 qf[k;k osQ firk osQ tsy ls NwVdj fudyus ij iSj ?kj dh vksj blfy, ugha mB jgs Fks fd muosQ eu esa ,d vutku
Hk; cSB x;k FkkA og lksp jgk Fkk fd lqf[k;k thfor gksxh ;k ugha vkSj ;gh Hk; mls ?kj dh vksj tkus ls jksd jgk FkkA
mls {k.k&{k.k lqf[k;k dh cky lqyHk gko&Hkko ;kn vk jgs Fks vkSj blh Mj ls og ?kj dh vksj tkus ls fgpd jgk FkkA
mRrj (iii) lqf[k;k firk dks ysus ckgj blfy, ugha vkbZ D;ksafd mldk çk.kkar gks x;k FkkA
dkO;ka'k µ 4
mRrj (i) l
 qf[k;k dk firk eafnj esa mifLFkr HkDr tuksa ls ;g dguk pkgrk Fkk fd gekjs eafnj esa vkus ls nsoh oSQls viekfur gks
ldrh gS tcfd og ifrrikouh gS] iki gkfj.kh gS rc gekjs vkus ls mldk xkSjo oSQls de gks ldrk gSA ysfdu lo.k±
HkDrksa us mls ;g dgus dk volj ugha fn;k vkSj ekjus&ihVus yxsA
mRrj (ii) HkDrksa us lqf[k;k osQ firk dks ?ksj fy;k D;ksafd og nfyr gksdj eafnj esa ?kql vk;k Fkk tcfd nfyrksa dk eafnj esa ços'k
oftZr FkkA muosQ ços'k ek=k ls eafnj dh 'kqfprk u"V gks tkrh gS vkSj nsoh&nsork dk xkSjo u"V gks tkrk FkkA tc yksxksa
us lqf[k;k osQ firk dks ns[kk rks ozqQn~/ gks x, vkSj mls ?ksj fy;kA
mRrj (iii) eafnj esa mlosQ ços'k djus dk [kksVk fopkj dkO;ka'k esa dgk x;k gSA
dkO;ka'k µ 5
mRrj (i) l
 qf[k;k osQ firk dks eafnj esa ços'k djus vkSj nsoh dk xkSjo u"V djus osQ vijk/ esa U;k;ky; ys tk;k x;kA ml le;
nfyrksa osQ eafnj ços'k&fu"ks/ dk fo/ku Fkk ftlosQ varxZr mls lkr fnuksa dk dkjkokl dk naM U;k;ky; n~okjk feyk
D;ksafd mlus nsoh dk ?kksj vieku fd;k FkkA
26
mRrj (ii) l
 qf[k;k osQ firk osQ gkFkksa ls eafnj osQ iqtkjh n~okjk fn;k x;k çlkn fc[kj x;k D;ksafd eafnj osQ HkDrksa us mls ?ksjdj idM+
fy;k vkSj ykr&?kwlksa ls ekjdj uhps fxjk fn;k FkkA
mRrj (iii) lqf[k;k osQ firk dks U;k;ky; us lkr fnu dh dkjkokl dk naM fn;k FkkA
dkO;ka'k µ 6
mRrj (i) l
 qf[k;k us firk ls nsoh çlkn osQ :i esa ,d iq"i ykus dks dgk Fkk D;ksafd og rs”k cq[kkj esa ri jgh FkhA nsoh ek¡ osQ
çfr mldh cky&lqyHk Jn~/k osQ dkj.k mls ek¡ osQ ,d iwQy dks çlkn osQ :i esa ikus dh bPNk gqbZA mls fo'okl jgk
gksxk fd nsoh osQ çlkn dks çkIr dj ysus ls og bl chekjh ls eqDr gks ldrh gSA blhfy, mlus firk ls nsoh dk iwQy
ykus oQk vkxzg fd;kA
mRrj (ii) l
 qf[k;k osQ firk dks Mj Fkk fd tc lqf[k;k ckgj tk,xh rks chekj gks tk,xh] blhfy, mls ckgj [ksyus ugha tkus nsuk
pkgrk FkkA vkf[kj ogh gqvkA lqf[k;k ckgj [ksyus xbZ vkSj Hk;adj Toj esa rirh gqbZ ?kj vkbZA vkf[kj og lqf[k;k osQ
cky&lqyHk ftn~n osQ lkeus gkj x;kA
mRrj (iii) ^fog~oy* 'kCn dk vFkZ gSµcspSu] nq[khA
dkO;ka'k µ 7
mRrj (i) m i;qZDr iafDr;ksa esa dfo us lqf[k;k osQ Toj&rIr 'kjhj dks ikdj mlosQ nq[kh firk dh eu%fLFkfr dk o.kZu djrs gq,
crkus dk ç;Ru fd;kA lqf[k;k osQ Toj ls tyrk gqvk 'kjhj vkSj mlosQ daB dk lw[kuk] vkok”k dk ean iM+ tkuk vkfn
y{k.k ns[kdj mlosQ firk dks le>rs nsj ugha yxh fd ;g egkekjh dk f'kdkj gks xbZ gSµ;gh tkudj lqf[k;k osQ firk
osQ 'kjhj osQ lkjs vo;o f'kfFky gks x,A
mRrj (ii) bl dkO;ka'k dk ewyHkko ;g gS fd tc dksbZ etcwj firk viuh vk¡[kksa osQ lkeus viuh larku dks chekj] d"VxzLr ;k
foifRr vkozQkar ns[krk gS rks mldk eu viuh foo'krk] vlgk;rk ij jks mBrk gS] og fog~oy gks mBrk gS viuh larku
ij vkbZ foifRr dk fuokj.k djus osQ fy, ;Fkk'kfDr mik; <w¡<+usa yxrk gSA
mRrj (iii) lqugjs cknyksa esaA
dkO;ka'k µ 8
mRrj (i) l
 qf[k;k osQ firk dks pkjksa vkSj va/dkj&gh&va/dkj fn[kkbZ ns jgk] lqf[k;k dks cpk ysus dk dksbZ mik; ugha lw> jgk FkkA
og viuh vk¡[kksa ls ns[k jgk Fkk fd lqf[k;k dks xzlus osQ fy, egkekjh&:ih Hk;adj va/dkj f?kj vk;k Fkk vkSj og
foo'k gksdj ns[k jgk FkkA
mRrj (ii) Å
 ij vkleku esa fVefVekrs rkjs lqf[k;k osQ firk dks cq[kkj esa rirh csVh dh vk¡[kksa dh rjg [kqyrs&can gksrs çrhr gks jg
FksA bl çdkj cq[kkj ls r`Ir vk¡[kksa dks og mlh çdkj ns[k jgk Fkk tSls vkdk'k esa rkjs txexkrs tyrs fn[kkbZ ns jgs FksA
mRrj (iii) dfo us dkO;ka'k esa vaxkjksa 'kCn dk iz;ksx fo'kky vkdk'k eas pedrs rkjksa ls fd;k gS vFkok cPPkh dh fpark ls fd;k
x;k gS ftldh ped ls firk dh vk¡[ksa >qyl xbZ gSaA
dkO;ka'k µ 9
mRrj (i) çLrqr dkO;ka'k esa lqf[k;k osQ firk lqf[k;k dks Lo;a mdlkdj ;g lquuk pkgrs Fks fd og mBdj muls dgs fd eq>dks
nsoh dk çlkn&:ih ,d iwQy gh ykdj ns nksA lqf[k;k osQ firk ns[k jgs Fks fd tks papy yM+dh gjne viuh papyrk
esa gh çlUu jgrh Fkh og fLFkj 'kkar&lh iM+h gSA
mRrj (ii) l
 qf[k;k lqfLFkj gks pqipki ,oa 'kkar iM+h gqbZ Fkh D;ksafd mlij egkekjh dk çdksi gks x;k Fkk vkSj rst cq[kkj ls xzLr
gks tkus osQ dkj.k pyus esa vleFkZ gks xbZ Fkh ftlls og nqcZyrk eglwl dj jgh FkhA mldh lkjh cky lqyHk papyrk
xk;c gks xbZ FkhA
mRrj (iii) vVy 'kakfr&lh dk vfHkçk; gS ,slh 'kakfr tks nwj gksus okyh ugha gS] fLFkj gSA
dkO;ka'k µ 10
mRrj (i) nsoh osQ eafnj esa HkDrx.k e/qj d.kZfç; Loj esa nsoh dk Hktu xk jgs Fks ftldk vk'k; Fkkµek¡! rqe ifrrksa dk mn~/kj
djus okyh gks] ikiksa dk gj.k djus okyh gks rqEgkjh t; gks] t; gks] t; gks] vkSj eLrh esa >we jgs FksA
27
mRrj (ii) l
 qf[k;k osQ firk dks nsoh ek¡ osQ vkxs c<+us dk cy HkDrksa osQ Hktu ls feyk ftls os yksx xk jgs Fksµek¡] rqe ifrr
rkfj.kh gks] iki gjus okyh gksA tc ek¡ ifrrksa dk mn~/kj djus okyh gSa rks mudh vkjk/uk vkSj çlkn ysus esa Mj oSQlk\
bUgha fopkjksa ls lqf[k;k osQ firk dks nsoh osQ le{k vkxs c<+us dk cy feykA
mRrj (iii) <osQyk x;kA
vU; egRoiw.kZ iz'u
vfr y?kwRrjkRed iz'u
mRrj 1- ej?kV igq¡pdj lqf[k;k osQ firk us lqf[k;k osQ tys gq, 'ko dk vo'ks"k ns[kkA
mRrj 2- lqf[k;k osQ firk dks eafnj dh 'kqfprk vkSj nsoh osQ xkSjo dks u"V djus osQ vijk/ esa lkr fnu dk dkjkokl feykA
mRrj 3- egkekjh dk ifj.kke lqf[k;k dh e`R;q osQ :i esa feykA
mRrj 4- eafnj Å¡ps 'kSy f'k[kj ij fLFkr FkkA
mRrj 5- eafnj dk vk¡xu eq[kfjr mRlo dh /kjk ls vkeksfnr FkkA
mRrj 6- eafnj osQ ckgj&Hkhrj HkDrksa dk dhrZu xkrk gqvk e/qj Loj xw¡t jgk FkkA
mRrj 7- lqf[k;k osQ firk osQ gkFk ls eafnj osQ iqtkjh us nhi&iwQy ysdj vack dks vfiZr fd;kA
y?kwRrjkRed iz'u
mRrj 1- e afnj esa lqf[k;k osQ firk osQ lkFk tks O;ogkj fd;k x;k] mlls lekt NqvkNwr dh oqQçFkk vkSj nfyrksa osQ lkFk vR;kpkj
dh oqQçFkk osQ çpyu dk irk pyrk gSA ml le; lekt esa O;kIr ;g oqQçFkk lekt esa tkfr&oxZ&Hksn dks c<+kok nsus
esa lgk;d gqbZ FkhA
mRrj 2-  qf[k;k dks Toj ls rIr] daB lw[kus vkSj 'kjhj osQ lkjs vaxksa osQ f'kfFky gksus ls mls lqf[k;k osQ egkekjh ls xzLr gksus osQ
l
y{k.k fn[kus ls mlosQ firk dh vk¡[kksa osQ lkeus va/dkj Nkus yxkA mldks loZ=k e`R;q dk va/dkj Nkrk gqvk fn[kkbZ nsus
yxkA og lqf[k;k ls cgqr nqykj&I;kj djrk FkkA
mRrj 3-  qf[k;k dk 'kjhj rhoz Toj ls rIr gks jgk Fkk] 'kjhj f'kfFky gks x;k Fkk] daB lw[k jgs Fks] bls ns[k firk osQ le{k egkekjh
l
:ih frfej dh Nk;k ns[k mls loZ=k va/sjk gh va/sjk fn[kkbZ nsus yxkA mls fo'kky vkdk'k esa txex djrs rkjs tyrs gq,
vaxkjs osQ leku yx jgs Fks ftlls mldh vk¡[ksa >qyl jgh FkhA
mRrj 4-  qf[k;k osQ firk lqf[k;k osQ eq¡g ls nsoh dk çlkn :ih iwQy ykus dgus dh ckr lquuk pkg jgs Fks vkSj blh osQ fy, mls
l
chekj gksus dh fLFkfr esa Hkh ckj&ckj mdlk jgs Fks ftlls og oqQN cksys] oqQN dgsA ml papy ckfydk osQ eq¡g ls oqQN
lquuk pkgrs FksA
mRrj 5- e gkekjh osQ Toj ls xzLr gksus osQ dkj.k lqf[k;k vpy] fLFkj fcLrj ij iM+h Fkh ekuksa og vVy&'kkafr /kj.k dj yh gSA
og ckfydk tks ,d {k.k Hkh 'kkar cSBus okyh ugha Fkh] vkt og ,dne 'kkar] fLFkj fcLrj ij iM+h FkhA
mRrj 6-  qf[k;k osQ firk osQ lkFk eafnj esa lo.kZ HkDrksa us tks O;ogkj fd;k] og furkar v'kksHkuh; vkSj xyr FkkA ;n~;fi ml le;
l
dk fo/ku Fkk fd dksbZ vNwr eafnj esa ços'k ugha dj ldrk FkkA ;fn djrk gS rks naM dk Hkkxh gksxkA mlh naM fo/ku
osQ varxZr mls lkr fnu dk naM feyk ijarq lo.kZ HkDrksa dk mls ekjuk&ihVuk v'kksHkuh; vkSj ekuork osQ çfrowQy FkkA
tc nsoh ifrr rkfj.kh vkSj iki gkfj.kh gSa rks muosQ njckj esa ,d nfyr dk ços'k djuk xyr oSQls gks ldrk gSA
mRrj 7- c hekj cPph us vius firk ls nsoh çlkn osQ :i esa ,d iwQy ykus dks dgk] tSlk fd firk fcLrj ij iM+h ml vlgk;
ckfydk ls vis{kk dj jgk Fkk fd og oqQN cksys vkSj eafnj ls ,d iwQy ykus dks dgsA mudh ;g bPNk vkf[kj ckfydk
us lp dj fn;k vkSj nsoh çlkn osQ :i esa ,d iwQy ykus dks dgkA
mRrj 8-  qf[k;k osQ firk dks eafnj dh 'kqfprk u"V djus vkSj nsoh dk xkSjo u"V djus osQ vijk/ esa nafMr fd;k x;k D;ksafd
l
lqf[k;k osQ firk nfyr lekt ls tqM+s gksus ij Hkh eafnj esa ços'kdj nhi&iwQy nsoh th dks p<+kus osQ fy, iqtkjh th dks
fn;kA blh vijk/ osQ fy, og nafMr fd;k x;kA
fuca/kRed iz'u
mRrj 1-  qf[k;k osQ firk dks fnu&jkr dk vkHkkl blfy, ugha gqvk fd mldh ije fç; csVh lqf[k;k dk cnu Toj ls ri jgk
l
Fkk vkSj mlesa egkekjh osQ y{k.k çdV gksus yxs FksA fcfV;k dh ;g n'kk ns[k og fog~oy gks mBk FkkA xjhch dh foo'krk
28
 mlosQ iSjksa dh ”kathj cuh FkhA og cSBs&cSBs mlosQ mipkj dk mik; <w¡<+usa esa fparkeXu gks x;k FkkA mlosQ eu esa mlosQ
mipkj osQ u,&u, mik; <w¡<us dh ,oa viuh vlgk;rk dh fpark esa dc çHkkr gqvk] dc nksigj gqbZ vkSj dc jkr]
bldk vkHkkl gh ugha jgkA
mRrj 2- e afnj esa mifLFkr lo.kZ HkDrksa us lqf[k;k osQ firk osQ lkFk cgqr vHknz vkSj vekuoh; O;ogkj fd;kA tc nsoh ek¡ ifrr
rkfj.kh vkSj iki gkfj.kh gSa rks lqf[k;k dk firk Hkh ml le; dh lkekftd vkSj tkrh; çFkk osQ vuqlkj ,d ifRkr tkfr
ls lacn~/ Fkk] lcls cM+h ckr Fkh] csVh ij vkbZ foifRr osQ dkj.k cgqr nq[kh Fkk vkSj #X.k&'kS;k ij iM+h lqf[k;k dh
bPNkiwfrZ osQ fy, nsoh osQ çlkn Lo:i ,d iwQy ysus gh vk;k FkkA ijarq gka! ml le; dh lkekftd O;oLFkk dh ,d
ifrr tkfr osQ ifjokj dks Hkxoku&Hkxorh osQ njckj esa Hkh dksbZ LFkku ugha FkkA vkneh rks vNwr dgdj mUgsa frjLo`Qr
dj fn;k Fkk] Hkxoku osQ njckj esa Hkh lqf[k;k osQ firk dks frjLdkj gh feykA lo.k± HkDrksa us lqf[k;k osQ firk osQ vNwr
gksus osQ dkj.k mldh dksbZ ckr ugha lquh] mls ekjk&ihVk vkSj U;k;ky; igq¡pk fn;kA
mRrj 3- in~; esa ç;qDr 'kCn ^ifrr rkfj.kh* vkSj ^iki gkfj.kh* 'kCn dk ç;ksx nsoh osQ fy, fd;k x;k gSA nsoh ek¡ dh dYiuk
gekjs /eZxzaFkksa esa ek¡&Lo:i dh xbZ gS vkSj ;g Hkh dgk x;k gS fd iq=k Hkys gh oqQiq=k gks tk, ijarq ek¡ oqQekrk dHkh ugha
gks ldrhA ek¡ dk ân; vius lHkh iq=kksa osQ fy,] pkgs os vPNs vkpj.k okys gksa ;k cqjs vkpj.k okys gksa] eerkiw.kZ gksrs
gSAa ek¡ osQ ân; esa uhp&Å¡p] vPNs&cqjs dk Hksn ugha gksrkA blhfy, nsoh ek¡ dks 'kkL=kksa esa ifrr rkfj.kh vkSj iki gkfj.kh dgk
x;k gSA ijarq eafnj esa mifLFkr HkDr ek¡ dk ;gh Hktu xkrs gq, Hkh eafnj esa ,d ifrr dh mifLFkfr lgu ugha dj losQ
vkSj mlosQ lkFk vekuoh; O;ogkj fd;kA
mRrj 4- fl;kjke'kj.k xqIr n~okjk jfpr ;g ^,d iwQy dh pkg* dfork esa lekt esa O;kIr vLi`';rk dh oqQjhfr dk gh ifj.kke
Fkk ftldk naM lqf[k;k osQ firk dks Hkqxruk iM+k FkkA bl oqQçFkk osQ pyrs fdlh vLi`'; tkfr ls lacn~/ O;fDr dks
fganw /kfeZd laLFkkuksa esa] eafnjksa esa ços'k djuk] /eZxzaFkksa dk vè;;u djuk] iwtk&ikB djuk oftZr Fkk rFkk ,slk djus ij
naM dk fo/ku FkkA blh oqQçFkk osQ çHkko osQ dkj.k eafnj esa mifLFkr HkDrtu lqf[k;k osQ firk dks igpkurs gh HkM+d
mBsµvjs! ;g vNwr eafnj esa oSQls ços'k fd;k---- idM+ yks] Hkkxus u ik,---- vkSj yksxksa us idM+ osQ ekjk&ihVk vkSj mls
U;k;ky; osQ le{k Hkst fn;kA vNwr&çFkk lekt dk ,d vfHk'kki Fkh ftlosQ pyrs fganw lekt esa tcjnLr fc[kjko FkkA
mRrj 5- ^,d iwQy dh pkg* dfork esa dfo fl;kjke'kj.k xqIr th us çLrqr dfork esa lekt esa O;kIr tkfrxr NqvkNwr dh
Hk;kud vkSj vekuoh; çFkk dks lkoZtfud :i ls mtkxj djus dk ç;Ru fd;k gSA e`R;q&'kS;k ij iM+h ,d nfyr&vNwr
ckfydk osQ eu esa nsoh osQ pj.kksa esa vfiZr ,d iwQy ikus dh pkgr gSA ijarq bl oqQçFkk ls xqIr lekt viuh tkfrxr
Js"Brk osQ vagdkj ls xzLr gks ,d vcks/ #X.k ckfydk osQ Hkkoksa dks le> ikus osQ fy, rS;kj gh ugha gksrk] tcfd nsoh
dh vjk/uk esa cMs+ xoZ ls xkrk gSµifrr&rkfj.kh iki&gkfj.kh ekrk] rsjh t;&t;&t;A dfo us bl dfork osQ ekè;e ls
bl oqQçFkk dks mtkxj dj yksxksa osQ eu esa blosQ çHkko ls tUeh vekuoh;rk osQ fo"k; esa fopkj djus osQ fy, çsfjr
fd;k gSA
mRrj 6- (d) ^,d iwQy dh pkg* dfork osQ bl dkO;ka'k dk vk'k; ;g gS fd viuh #X.k&'kS;k ij iM+h chekj csVh ls lkr
fnu nwj jgdj Hkh mldh ;knksa esa yxkrkj jksrk jgk fiQj Hkh mldh vk¡[kksa osQ vk¡lw ugha lw[k losQ vFkkZr vk¡lqvksa
dk dks"k lekIr ugha gks ldkA mldh ihM+k vuojr vk¡[kksa ls vk¡lw osQ :i esa >jrh jghA
 FkZ&lkSan;Zµ bl dfork esa dfo us ,d nq[kh firk dh euksn'kk dk ekfeZd o.kZu fd;k gSA mldh n'kk bruh
v
n;uh; gS fd mldh n'kk dks ns[k ik"kk.k ân; Hkh fi?ky tk,] ijarq mls bl n'kk rd igq¡pkus okyksa esa fo#n~/
çcy vkozQks'k FkkA
([k) m i;qZDr dkO;ka'k dk vk'k; gS fd lkr fnu dk naM Hkqxrdj tc lqf[k;k dk firk ?kj ykSVk rks ;g ns[kdj LrC/
jg x;k fd mldh csVh ej pqdh gS vkSj mldh fprk Hkh BaMh iM+ xbZ gSA ;g ân;fonkjd n`'; ns[kdj firk osQ
ân; esa nq[k vkSj ihM+k dh fprk ngdus yxhA og cgqr nq[kh gks x;kA
 FkZ&lkSan;Zµbu iafDr;ksa osQ ekè;e ls dfo us crkuk pkgk gS fd csVh dh fprk rks BaMh iM+ pqdh Fkh ijarq firk
v
dk ân; nq[k vkSj ihM+k dh Tokyk ls //d jgk FkkA
mRrj 7- (d) çLrqr dkO;ka'k esa dfo #X.k ckfydk dh n;k dk o.kZu djrs gq, dg jgk gSµtks ckfydk ,d {k.k Hkh ?kj esa
ugha jg ldrh Fkh vkt ogh fLFkj fcuk dksbZ vax fgyk, Toj xzLr fcLrj ij ysVh iM+h FkhA
 FkZ&lkSan;Zµ;gk¡ dfo ;g crkuk pkgrk gS fd gjne Hkkxus&nkSM+us okyh papy og ckfydk xfrghu gksdj pqipki
v
vVy vkSj 'kkar fcLrj ij iM+h gSA
29
 ([k) m i;ZqDr in~;ka'k esa dfo lekt esa O;kIr vNwr oqQçFkk dk n`'; O;Dr djrs gq, dgrk gS fd HkDr&x.k eafnj esa
mifLFkr lqf[k;k osQ firk dks ns[kdj ph[k mBsµml vNwr ikih us eafnj esa ços'kdj ?kksj vuFkZ fd;k gSA
 FkZ&lkSan;Zµdfo dguk pkgrk gS fd ftl O;fDr us lPps eu ls] Jn~/k Hkko ls vkjk/uk dh vkSj 'kqn~/ eu
v
ls ,d vcks/ cPph dh bPNk iwjh djuk pkgk] mls vagdkjh yksxksa us ikih dgkA
mRrj 8-  qf[k;k osQ ckgj tkus ij mlosQ firk dk ân; blfy, dk¡i mBrk Fkk D;ksafd bl le; mlosQ vkl&ikl pkjksa vksj egkekjh
l
dk Hkh"k.k çdksi FkkA pkjksa vksj ph[krs&fpYykrs yksxksa dk d#.k ozaQnu lqukbZ iM+rk FkkA lqf[k;k LoHkko ls cgqr papy
FkhA og ?kj esa ,d {k.k Hkh jguk ilan ugha djrh FkhA ckfydk Fkh vkSj vius getksfy;ksa osQ chp [ksyus fudy tk;k
djrh FkhA egkekjh NqvkNwr dh chekjh Fkh tks gok esa iSQys thok.kqvksa ls ,d xk¡o ls nwljs xk¡o esa iSQyrh FkhA mldk
firk blh ls Mjrk Fkk fd dgha og Hkh bl chekjh dk f'kdkjh u cu tk,A blhfy, og ckj&ckj lqf[k;k dks ckgj tkus
ls jksdrk FkkA ysfdu og bruh ftn~nh Fkh fd mldk dgk ekurh gh ugha FkhA
mRrj 9- ioZr dh pksVh ij fLFkr ,d nsoh dk fo'kky eafnj FkkA ml eafnj dh 'kksHkk vuqie FkhA eafnj osQ 'kh"kZ ij yxs lksus
osQ dy'k lw;Z dh fdj.kksa osQ iM+us ls ,sls ped jgs Fks tSls Lo.kZ dey f[kys gq, gksAa eafnj osQ vk¡xu esa loZ=k /wi ,oa /q,¡
dh lqxa/ iSQyh gqbZ FkhA eafnj osQ ckgj vkSj Hkhrj] pkjksa vksj mRlo dk okrkoj.k O;kIr FkkA eafnj esa pkjksa vksj nsoh dk
t;xku eq[kfjr gks jgk FkkA loZ=k HkfDre; okrkoj.k O;kIr FkkA
mRrj 10- e afnj osQ iqtkjh ls çlkn osQ :i esa iwQy ikus osQ ckn lqf[k;k dk firk vkuankfrjsd ls iw.kZ gks x;kA mls iqtkjh ls çlkn
ysus dh Hkh lq/ ugha jghA og 'kh?kzrkiwoZd nsoh th osQ bl çlkn :ih iwQy dks lqf[k;k dks nsuk pkgrk Fkk blfy, og
eafnj ls 'kh?kzkfr'kh?kz ?kj ig¡qpkuk pkgrk FkkA bl çdkj mldh euksn'kk esa rhoz ifjorZu vk;k tc mlus eafnj ls çlkn
:i esa lqf[k;k dk eupkgk iwQy çkIr dj fy;kA
ikBµ9
xhr&vxhr
dkO;ka'k ij vk/kfjr iz'u
dkO;ka'k µ 1
mRrj (i) çLrqr dkO;ka'k esa unh osQ cgus ls tks n`'; mRiUu gksrk gS mldk dfo us euksgkjh o.kZu fd;k gSA
mRrj (ii) unh fdlh osQ fcNM+us osQ nq%• esa nq•h gSA og fdukjksa dks viuk nq%• dgrh gq, cM+h rs”kh ls cg jgh gSA xqykc ekSu
gksdj fdukjs •M+k gS vkSj ;g lc ns• jgk gSA
mRrj (iii) ;fn fo/krk us bUgsa Hkh Loj dh 'kfDr nh gksrh] rks og Hkh iwjh nqfu;k dks vius liuksa osQ xhr lqukrsA
dkO;ka'k µ 2
mRrj (i) çLrqr dkO;ka'k esa dfo us rksrk vkSj eknk&rksrk osQ çse dk lqanj o.kZu fd;k gSA
mRrj (ii) iRRkksa ls Nudj vkrh lw;Z dh vkHkk tc rksrs osQ ia•ksa dk Li'kZ djrh gS] rks og xkuk xkus yxrk gSA
mRrj (iii) rksrs dk xhr iwjs ou esa xw¡t jgk gS vkSj b/j mldh eknk mldk xhr lqudj iwQys ugha lek jgh gSA blfy, dfo osQ eu
esa ç'u meM+rk gS fd esjs n~okjk xk;k x;k xhr lqanj gS ;k çÑfr n~okjk u xk ldus okyk vxhr lqanj gS\
dkO;ka'k µ 3
mRrj (i) çLrqr dkO;ka'k esa dfo us ou esa jgus okys nks çsfe;ksa dk o.kZu fd;k gSA
mRrj (ii) l
 aè;k osQ le; çseh n~okjk xhr xkus ij çsfedk ml xkus dks lquus osQ fy, vius ?kj ls ou dh vksj f•aph pyh
vkrh gSA og fNidj vius çseh dk xkuk lqurh gSA
mRrj (iii) çsfedk eu&gh&eu lksprh gS fd og ml xhr dk fgLlk D;ksa ugha curh] D;ksafd tc çseh xkrk gS rks çsfedk dk
eu çlUurk ls iwQys ugha lekrk gSA
vU; egRoiw.kZ iz'u
vfr y?kwRrjkRed iz'u
mRrj 1- xqykc osQ ân; esa dld gS fd fo/krk us mldks Loj D;ksa ugha fn;kA

30
mRrj 2- rksrs osQ Loj ls iwjk ou eq•fjr gks tkrk gSA
mRrj 3- 'kqdh dk xhr vxhr gSA
mRrj 4- çsfedk uhe dh Nk;k esa fNidj lksprh gS fd og xhr dh dM+h D;ksa ugha cu ikbZA
mRrj 5- çseh vkYgk xkrk gSA
mRrj 6- dfo dh nqfo/k gS fd og vxhr lqanj gS tks xk;k ugha tk ldk ;k Xoky&cky n~okjk xk;k tkus okyk xhr lqanj gSA
mRrj 7- çÑfr osQ lkSan;Z] tho&tarqvksa osQ eeRo] ekuoh; jkx vkSj çseHkko dk fp=k.k gSA
mRrj 8- ^xhr&vxhr* dfork jke/kjh flag fnudj n~okjk fy•h xbZ gSA
mRrj 9- unh rV ls vius eu dh O;Fkk dguk pkgrh gSA
y?kwRrjkRed iz'u
mRrj 1- ^xhr&vxhr* esa çkÑfrd lkSan;Z] tho&tarqvksa dk eeRo vkSj ekuoh; çse osQ eq•fjr vkSj ekSu :iksa dk fp=k.k fd;k x;k
gSA bl dfork esa ,d vksj unh] 'kqd vkSj çseh osQ ekè;e ls çse dk eq•j :i xhr vkSj mldk çHkko fn•k;k x;k gS rks
nwljh vksj xqykc] 'kqdh vkSj çsfedk osQ ekè;e ls ekSu :ih vxhrA blosQ vfrfjDr çkÑfrd lkSan;Z dk euksgkjh fp=k.k
gSA
mRrj 2-  fork esa unh dks ,d fojfg.kh ukf;dk osQ :i esa fpf=kr fd;k x;k gSA og fdlh osQ fcNM+us osQ nq%• esa nq•h gksrs
d
gq, xhr xkrs gq, cM+h rs”kh ls cg jgh gSA og fojg Hkjs xhrksa dks fdukjksa dks lqukrs gq, cg jgh gSA ,sls esa yxrk gS fd
og viuk nq%• de djus osQ fy, fdukjksa ls oqQN dgrh gqbZ cgrh tk jgh gSA vkSj viuk th gydk djrh gSA
mRrj 3-  aè;k gksrs gh çseh meax Hkjs Loj esa vkYgk dk xk;u dj vius çse dks vfHkO;aftr djrk gSA mldk ;g çse ^xhr* cu
l
tkrk gSA ogha ml xhr dks lqudj mldh çsfedk vkÑ"V gks tkrh gS vkSj Hkko&foHkksj gks ml xhr dks lquus yxrh gSA
ml le; mlosQ eu esa Hkh çse Hkjs xhr meM+rs gSa] ijarq og mUgsa Loj ugha ns ikrh gSA mldk çse ^vxhr* cudj jg
tkrk gSA
mRrj 4-  c isM+ dh ?kuh Mky ij cSBk 'kqd lw;Z dh vkHkk osQ Li'kZ ls iqyfdr gksdj xhr xkus yxkA rc mlh isM+ osQ ?kksalys esa
t
cSBh 'kqdh vaMs ls jgh FkhA 'kqd dk xhr lqudj 'kqdh HkkofoHkksj gks xbZA mlosQ ia• iwQy x,A 'kqdh osQ eu esa Hkh çse
Hkjs xhr meM+us yxs] ysfdu og mu xhrksa dks Loj ns ugha ikrhA ,sls esa 'kqdh osQ xhr vxhr cudj jg x,A
fuca/kRed iz'u
mRrj 1-  fo jke/kjh flag ^fnudj* Ñr jfpr dfork ^xhr&vxhr* esa çkÑfrd lkSan;Z] tho&tarqvksa dk eeRo vkSj ekuoh; jkx
d
dk lqanj fp=k.k gSA dfork esa rRle 'kCnkoyh dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gSA Hkk"kk vR;ar çokgiw.kZ] vkstLoh vkSj ljy gSA •M+h
cksyh dk ç;ksx gS ftlesa ljlrk vkSj y;kRedrk gSA dkO; esa vk, vuqçkl] iqu#fDr çdk'k vkSj ekuohdj.k vyadkj
blosQ lkSan;Z esa o`n~f/ djrs gSaA Hkk"kk esa fp=kkRed gS] txg&txg 'k`axkj jl e/qjrk gSA
mRrj 2- e uq"; vkSj çÑfr dk vR;ar ?kfu"B laca/ gksrk gSA çÑfr vius fHkUu&fHkUu fØ;k&dykiksa ls euq"; dks vkanksfyr djrh
gSA cgrh unh dks ns•dj yxrk gS fd og vius eu dh O;Fkk dks xkdj fdukjs fLFkr isM+&ikS/ksa dks lquk jgh gSA 'kqd
isM+ dh ?kuh Mky ij lw;Z dh fdj.kksa osQ Li'kZ ls mYykflr gks xhr xkrk gS] tks 'kqdh dks HkkofoHkksj dj nsrk gSA vkYgk
xkrk Xoky&cky viuh xhr esa en&eLr gS ftlls vkÑ"V gks ukf;dk jksekafpr gks mBrh gSA varr% çÑfr esa ?kVus okys
xhr&vxhr dk xk;u euq"; dks vR;ar çHkkfor djrk gSA
mRrj 3-  fork esa dfo n~okjk xhr vkSj vxhr nksuksa dk o.kZu lkFk&lkFk fd;k x;k gSA igys 'kksHkk;eku xqykc osQ ekè;e ls crk;k
d
fd og lksprk gS fd ;fn fo/krk mls Hkh Loj nsrs rks og vius liuksa dk xhr lcdks lqukrkA Bhd blh rjg 'kqd dk
xhr lqudj 'kqdh HkkofoHkksj gks tkrh gS] ysfdu og mls vfHkO;Dr ugha dj ikrhA bl rjg mldk xhr vxhr cudj jg
tkrk gSA var esa Xoky&cky dk vkYgk yksd xhr lquus mldh çsfedk vkrh gS] og mls uhe osQ isM+ dh vksV esa fNidj
lqudj jg tkrh gSA fç; osQ fy, mlosQ Hkko eu esa gh jg tkrs gSaA bl çdkj dfork esa dbZ LFkkuksa ij vxhr dk o.kZu
gqvk gSA
mRrj 4- çseh laè;k osQ le; dksbZ xhr (vkYgk) xkrk gS rks mldh çsfedk ml xhr ls vkÑ"V gks cjcl gh mls lquus osQ fy,
vius ?kj ls ou dh vksj f•aph pyh vkrh gSA og fNidj vius çseh dk xkuk lqurh gS vkSj eu esa lksprh gS fd og
ml xhr dk fgLlk D;ksa ugha gSA tc çseh xkrk gS rks çsfedk dk eu çlUurk ls iwQys ugha lekrk gSA ;g lc ns•dj dfo
31
 lksprk gSµxk;k x;k xhr lqanj gS ;k u xk ldus okyk vxhr\ ;gk¡ dfo us çR;{k Hkkouk vkSj vçR;{k Hkkouk osQ fo"k;
esa crkus dk ç;kl fd;k gSA ;gk¡ çse osQ eq•j vkSj ekSu nksuksa rjg dh vfHkO;atuk dks lqanj cryk;k x;k gS] D;ksafd xhr
dh xw¡t lquus esa ftruh vPNh yxrh gS ogha vxhr dh vuqHkwfr Hkh ân;xzkg~; gSA
ikBµ10
vfXu iFk
dkO;ka'k ij vk/kfjr iz'u
dkO;ka'k µ 1
mRrj (i) M kW- gfjoa'kjk; cPpu us çLrqr dfork ^vfXu iFk* esa yksxksa dks tkx:d djrs gq, dgus dk ç;Ru fd;k fd Lokoyach
cuksA thou thus osQ fy, vius ij Hkjkslk djksA fdlh dk vkJ; er yksA fdlh çdkj dh lgk;rk fdlh ls er ek¡xksA
dfo dgrk gSµ;g thou vfXu iFk gSA blosQ thus esa Nk;k dh vis{kk er djksA
mRrj (ii) d
 fo us Nk¡g ek¡xus ls blfy, euk fd;k gS fd ;g thou vfXu iFk gSA og euq"; ls dgrk gS fd bl i{k esa fdlh ls
Hkh Nk;k dh vis{kk er djks D;ksafd ;g thou la?k"kZ'khy gSA ogh O;fDr bl vfXu iFk dks ikj djus esa liQy gks tkrk
gS tks Lokoyach cudj thou ls la?k"kZ djrk gSA blhfy, dfo Nk¡g ek¡xus osQ fy, euk djrk gSA
mRrj (iii) dfo fdlh ls Hkh Nk¡g vFkkZr vkJ;] ;k lgkjk u ysus osQ fy, 'kiFk fnykrk gSA
dkO;ka'k µ 2
mRrj (i) d
 fo us thou dks vfXu iFk crkrs gq, dgk gS fd ;g dfBukbZ ls Hkjk gqvk la?k"kZe; iFk gSA thou osQ bl la?k"kZ'khy
iFk ij deZ'khy vkSj vkRecy ls ;qDr euq"; gh dfBukb;ksa dk lkeuk dj fot;h gksus esa liQyrk çkIr dj ldrk gSA
mRrj (ii) e uq"; dks vius y{; dh vksj lrr vkxs c<+us osQ fy, dfo çsj.kk vkSj mRlkg çnku djrs gq, dgrk gS fd vius bl
la?k"kZ vkSj dfBukbZ Hkjs thou iFk ij lrr vkxs c<+rs tkuk gS] Fkduk ugha gS vkSj u ekxZ esa dgha fojke ysuk gS vkSj u
gh dfBukb;ksa ls ?kcjkdj rqEgsa okil ykSVuk gSA blosQ fy, rqEgsa 'kiFk cn~/ gksdj vkxs c<+uk gSA
mRrj (iii) 'kiFk dk vFkZ gSµ n`<+ çfrKkA
vU; egRoiw.kZ ç'u
vfr y?kwRrjkRed ç'u
mRrj 1- vk¡lw] ilhuk vkSj jDr ls yFkiFk gksuk euq"; dh deZBrk vkSj la?k"kZ'khyrk dks O;Dr djrk gSA
mRrj 2- vfXu iFk dfork esa dfo euq"; dks lacksf/r dj jgs gSaA
mRrj 3- ^vfXu iFk* dfork osQ ekè;e ls dfo euq"; dks lans'k nsrk gS fd bl dfBukbZ Hkjs thou&iFk ij la?k"kZ vkSj deZ'khyrk
osQ cy ij vkxs c<+k tk ldrk gSA
mRrj 4- dfork esa ^?kus o`{k* dk vk'k; gSµvkJ;] lgkjkA
y?kwRrjkRed iz'u
mRrj 1- e uq"; dks vius bl la?k"kZ'khy] dfBukb;ksa ls Hkjs thou iFk ij ;g 'kiFk ysdj vkxs c<+uk pkfg, fd og dHkh bl
ekxZ ij pyrs gq, FkosQxk ugha] dgha foJke ugha ysxk vkSj u gh dfBukb;ksa ls ?kcjkdj okil eqM+sxkA bl 'kiFk osQ ckn
gh og thou iFk ij y{; çkIr djus esa liQyrk çkIr dj losQxkA
mRrj 2-  fo euq"; dks thou iFk ij vkxs c<+rs gq, fdlh ls lgk;rk ;k fdlh dk vkJ; ysus osQ fy, blfy, euk djrk gS
d
D;ksafd vkJ;] lgk;rk dh mEehn euq"; osQ deZ'khy gksus esa ck/d gksrh gSA thou osQ bl dfBu iFk ij Lokoyacu
vkSj vkRecy osQ lgkjs gh vkxs c<+k tk ldrk gSA fdlh dh lgk;rk osQ cy ij ughaA
mRrj 3-  fo us thou iFk dks vfXu iFk blfy, dgk gS] D;ksafd thou dk iFk dfBukb;ksa ls Hkjk gqvk gSA bl iFk ij ogh
d
O;fDr vkxs c<+us esa liQyrk çkIr dj ldrk gS ftlesa deZ'khyrk] vkRecy vkSj Lokoyacu dh Hkkouk Hkjh gksxhA vkJ;
vkSj lgk;rk dh vk'kk j[kus okyk O;fDr bl iFk ij vkxs c<+us esa l{ke gksxkA
mRrj 4-  fo us lalkj osQ bl dfBukb;ksa ls Hkjs thou iFk ij la?k"kZ djrs gqvk vkxs c<+ jgs euq"; dks n'kkZ;k gS tks vk¡lw] ilhus
d
vkSj jDr ls yFkiFk gSa fiQj Hkh og vkxs c<+rk tkrk gS] #dus dk uke ugha ysrkA ;g fdruk egku vkSj vn~Hkqr n`'; gSA
vJq mldh ihM+k] ilhuk mldh deZ'khyrk vkSj jDr mlosQ lkgl dk ifjpk;d gSA
32
mRrj 5- bl iafDr dk vk'k; gSµeuq"; thou osQ la?k"kZe; iFk ij vn~Hkqr lkgl osQ lkFk vkxs c<+rs gq, egku n`'; mifLFkr dj
jgk gSA og thou osQ vfXu iFk ij ihM+k ;k d"V dks >syrs gq, deZ'khy gksdj lkgl osQ lkFk vkxs c<+ jgk gSA
mRrj 6-  fo dk vfXu iFk ls rkRi;Z gS vkx Lo:i dfBukb;ksa vkSj la?k"kZ ls iw.kZ jkLrkA bl çdkj dfo us vfXu iFk dks la?k"kZ'khy
d
euq"; osQ thou osQ çrhd Lo:i fpf=kr fd;k gSA bl çrhd osQ n~okjk dfo ;g le>kuk pkgrk gS fd thou osQ çR;sd
ix ij la?k"kZ djuk iM+rk gSA deZ'khy euq"; leLr dfBukb;ksa dks >sydj fot;h gksrk gSA
mRrj 7- çLrqr in~;ka'k gekjh ikB~; iqLrd Li'kZ&Hkkx&1 osQ ^vfXu iFk* 'kh"kZd ikB ls fy;k x;k gSA bl ikB osQ jpukdkj
MkW- gfjoa'kjk; cPpu th gSaA os thou osQ la?k"kZe; iFk ij vkxs c<+rs gq, vkneh dks çsj.kk çnku djus osQ fy, dgrs
gSaµthou iFk ij vkxs c<+rs pyksA fdlh ls lgk;rk dh vis{kk er djks Hkys gh ekxZ esa voyac gsrq o`{k [kM+s gksa] pkgs
fdrus Hkh l?ku vkSj cM+s gksa ij mudh Nk;k dh vis{kk er djksA
fuca/kRed iz'u
mRrj 1- çLrqr dfork vfXu iFk esa MkW- gfjoa'kjk; cPpu th us la?k"kZe; thou dks vfXu iFk dgk gS vkSj ;g lans'k fn;k gS fd
bl vfXu iFk ;k dfBukb;ksa ls Hkjs iFk esa lq[k :ih ck¡g dh pkg u dj viuh eaf”ky ij fcuk #osQ] fcuk FkosQ vkSj
dfBukb;ksa ls fcuk Hk;Hkhr gq, deZBrk iwoZd c<+rs pyksA çLrqr dfork esa 'kCnksa dh iqujko`fRr oSQls euq"; dks vkxs c<+us
dh çsj.kk nsrk gSA
mRrj 2- çLrqr dfork vfXu iFk esa dfo us dfBukb;ksa ls Hkjs thou dk o.kZu cM+s l'kDr 'kCnksa esa fd;k gSA mUgksaus thou dks
la?k"kZe; crk;k gS vkSj la?k"kZe; iFk ij vkxs c<+rs euq"; dks çsj.kk nsrs gq, dgrs gSa fd ekxZ esa mifLFkr dfBukb;ksa dks
la?k"kZiwoZd ikj djus osQ fy, lq[k dh ijokg er djks pkgs rqEgkjs ekxZ esa lq[k :ih Nk¡o gks ijarq mldh vis{kk er djks]
Hkys gh ekxZ esa ?kus iRrksa okys l?ku o`{k [kM+s gksa] ijarq muosQ ,d iRrs Hkj Nk¡o dh vk'kk er djks vkSj fcuk FkosQ] #osQ
vkSj Mjs vkxs c<+rs pyksA blh esa rqEgkjk dY;k.k gSA
mRrj 3- dfo us dfork esa ^dHkh u Fkeus* vkSj ^dHkh u eqM+us* dh ckr blfy, dgh gS D;ksafd ;g thou vfXu iFk gS] vR;f/d
dfBukb;ksa ls Hkjk gqvk ,oa la?k"kZiw.kZ gSA bu dfBukb;ksa osQ fo#n~/ la?k"kZ djuk dfBu gSA blosQ fy, lkgl] vkRecy
vkSj Lokoyacu dh vko';drk iM+rh gSA thou iFk ij la?k"kZ djrs gq, c<+rs le; eu dh bPNk,¡ cgqr ck/d gksrh gaSA
dfo bu 'kCnksa n~okjk deZ'khy euq"; dks çsj.kk vkSj lkgl dk mn~cks/ djrs gq, dgrk gS fd bu dfBukb;ksa ls Mjdj
chp esa dgha Hkh #duk ugha] dgha Hkh foJke ugha ysuk gS vkSj u gh Mjdj okil ykSVuk gSA
mRrj 4-  fork esa 'kCnksa dh ckj&ckj iqujko`fRr dkO;&lkSan;Z dk l`tu djrh gS vkSj ftu 'kCnksa dh iqujko`fRr gksrh gS] os cgqr
d
egRoiw.kZ gksrs gSaA bl dfork esa Hkh mi;ZqDr 'kCnksa dh iqujko`fRr n~okjk ,slk gh dke fy;k gSA dfo ;g crkuk pkgrk
gS fd la?k"kZ djus okys euq"; dks lq[k&lqfo/kvksa dh u rks fHk{kk ek¡xuh pkfg, vkSj u gh vis{kk djuh pkfg,] D;ksafd
lq[k&lqfo/k,¡ thou iFk ij vkxs c<+us osQ fy, ck/k Lo:i gksrh gSa vkSj euq"; dks la?k"kZ iFk ls HkVdk nsrh gSaA blosQ
fy, dfo fpRr dks n`<+ djus osQ fy, ckj&ckj 'kiFk ysus dh çsj.kk nsrk gS vkSj jDr ls yFkiFk 'kCnksa osQ n~okjk euq";
dh la?k"kZ'khyrk dh vksj laosQr djrk gSA bl çdkj ge ns[krs gSa fd mi;qZDr 'kCnksa osQ ckj&ckj ç;ksx ls dkO;&lkSan;Z esa
o`n~f/ gqbZ gSA
mRrj 5- (d) d
 fork dh mi;ZqDr iafDr;ksa dk Hkko ;g gS fd thou osQ la?k"kZ'khy iFk ij vkxs c<+rs le; gksus okys d"V ls
Mjdj dHkh #duk ugha pkfg, vkSj u dfBukb;ksa osQ nwj gksus dh vk'kk esa gh #duk pkfg,A mu dfBukb;ksa ls
Mjdj okil eqM+uk vFkkZr dfBukb;ksa ls Hkkxuk ugha pkfg,A
([k) m i;ZqDr dkO;ka'k dk vFkZ gSµeuq"; thou osQ la?k"kZe; iFk ij /hjrkiwoZd lkjh dfBukb;ksa osQ d"Vksa dks lkgl
iwoZd deZBrk osQ lkFk la?k"kZ djrs gq, vkxs c<+ jgk gSA ;g fdruk egku n`'; gS fd og fcuk FkosQ] fcuk #osQ
vkSj fcuk Mjs vuojr vkxs c<+ jgk gSA
ikBµ11 (1)
u, bykosQ esa
dkO;ka'k ij vk/kfjr ç'u
dkO;ka'k µ 1
mRrj (i) d
 fo dk ?kj ,d eaf”kyk Fkk ftlesa fcuk jax&jksxu dk yksgs dk iQkVd yxk FkkA ;g edku eksM+ ls nks edku ckn FkkA
dfo dk ;g edku ,d u, clrs bykosQ esa cuk Fkk tgk¡ jks”k u,&u, edku cu jgs Fks vkSj {ks=k dk Lo:i cny jgk
Fkk] ftlls tc dfo vius ?kj ij vkrk vdlj jkLrk Hkwy tkrkA
33
mRrj (ii) iqjkus fu'kku /ks[kk blfy, ns tkrs gSa fd ogk¡ çfrfnu u,&u, edku cu jgs gSa] bykosQ dk Lo:i le; osQ lkFk&lkFk
ifjofrZr gks jgk FkkA iqjkus fu'kku osQ LFkku ij uofuekZ.k LFkku ys jgk FkkA dfo us tks fu'kku vius eu esa fcBk j[ks Fks]
vc mudk ukeksfu'kku ugha jg x;k gS] vkSj mls vius ?kj ij igq¡pus esa HkVduk iM+rk gSA
mRrj (iii) uohu clrs bykosQ esa çfrfnu uohu ifjorZu (fuekZ.k) osQ dkj.k dfo dks vius ?kj dk jkLrk <w¡<+us es ijs'kkuh gksrh gSA
dkO;ka'k µ 2
mRrj (i) d
 fo dks viuh Le`fr ij Hkjkslk blfy, ugha gS D;ksafd ;gk¡ çfrfnu uofuekZ.k gksus osQ dkj.k uohu ifjorZu gks jgs gSaA
og tks ns[kdj vius Le`fr iVy ij vafdr djosQ tkrk gS] iqu% ykSVdj vkus ij ml Le`fr dk dksbZ va'k&vo'ks"k ugha
jgrk] lc oqQN u;k] cnyk gqvk feyrk gSA blfy, dfo dks viuh Le`fr ij Hkjkslk ugha gSA
mRrj (ii) ^iqjkuh iM+ tkrh gS nqfu;k* ls dfo dk vk'k; gS fd ;g lalkj çfr{k.k ifjorZu'khy gSA tks vHkh bl le; uohu çrhr
gks jgh gS] ,d gh fnu esa iqjkuh iM+ tkrh gSA Bhd mlh çdkj tSls olar Írq dk x;k ir>M+ esa ykSVk gS ;k cSlk[k dk
x;k O;fDr mlh LFkku ij lkou esa ykSVk gks vkSj mls tks ifjorZu n`f"Vxkspj gksrk gS] ogh ifjorZu ml bykosQ eas gqvk
gS tgk¡ dfo dk ?kj gSA
mRrj (iii) D;ksafd ogk¡ ?kksj ifjorZu gqvk gSA lc oqQN cny x;k gSA
vU; egRoiw.kZ ç'u
vfr y?kwRrjkRed ç'u
mRrj 1- dfo vius ?kj osQ fy, tgk¡ ls eqM+rk Fkk] ogk¡ eksM+ osQ igys ,d [kkyh ”kehu dk VqdM+k FkkA
mRrj 2- dfo dk edku ,d eaf”kyk Fkk ftlesa fcuk jax dk yksgs dk iQkVd FkkA
mRrj 3- dfo ml u, clrs gq, bykosQ esa vius ?kj dk jkLrk Hkwy tkrk gSA
mRrj 4- dfo u, clrs bykosQ esa viuk edku <w¡<+us osQ fy, vius Le`fr iVy ij ,d fu'kku vafdr dj ysrk FkkA
mRrj 5- ^u, bykosQ* dfork osQ jpukdkj gSaµJh v#.k deyA
mRrj 6- dfo vius ?kj dk jkLrk <w¡<+us osQ fy, <gk gqvk ?kj vkSj [kkyh ”kehu dk VqdM+k <w¡<+rk gSA
mRrj 7- fcuk jax okys yksgs osQ iQkVd okyk ?kj ,d eaf”kyk dk FkkA
mRrj 8- ml u,&u, clrs gq, bykosQ esa u,&u, edku cu jgs FksA
y?kwRrjkRed iz'u
mRrj 1- u, clrs bykosQ esa dfo jkLrk blfy, Hkwy tkrk gS D;ksafd ml u, bykosQ esa çfrfnu u,&u, fuekZ.k gks tkus ls uohu
ifjorZu gks jgk gSA dfo tkrs le; bykosQ dk tks n`'; og vius Le`fr iVy ij ysdj tkrk gS] iqu% ykSVus ij oqQN Hkh
oSlk ugha feyrk tSlk mlus igys ns[kk FkkA blfy, og vius ?kj dk jkLrk Hkwy tkrk FkkA
mRrj 2-  fo us bl dfork osQ ekè;e ls fodkl osQ pyrs gksus okys ifjorZu dh vksj laosQr fd;k gSA og fodkl osQ uke ij
d
gksus okys fur uohu ifjorZu ls ijs'kku gSA ;gk¡ çfrfnu oqQN&u&oqQN u;k gks jgk gS ftlls igys okyk n`'; [kks tkrk gS
ftls Le`fr;ksa osQ lgkjs ugha <w¡<+k tk ldrkA ns[krs&ns[krs nqfu;k iqjkuh iM+ tkrh gSA
mRrj 3- ^u, bykosQ esa* dfork osQ ekè;e ls dfo us lalkj osQ {k.k&{k.k esa gksus okys ifjorZu dh vksj b'kkjk fd;k gSA bl
ifjorZu'khy lalkj esa vkneh Hkh fodkl dh nkSM+ esa vkxs c<+us osQ fy, rs”kh ls Hkkx jgk gSA mls ,d {k.k osQ fy, Hkh
iqQjlr ugha gS fd og fdlh osQ lq[k&nq[k dk Hkkxh gks losQA
mRrj 4- ^u, bykosQ esa* dfork esa ^iqjkus fu'kkuksa osQ /ks[kk nsus ls* dfo dk vfHkçk; ;g gS fd bl çfr{k.k ifjorZu'khy lalkj
esa euq"; çxfr osQ iFk ij bruh rs”kh ls Hkkx jgk gS fd mls iqjkuh ph”ksa] iqjkus yksx ek=k Le`fr'ks"k yxrs gSaA fodkl osQ
;qx esa çkphu jhfr] ijaijk lc cny tkrh gSaA mudk dgha ukeksfu'kku ugha jg tkrkA
mRrj 5- dfork esa fuEufyf[kr iqjkus fu'kkuksa dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gSµ
(i) ihiy dk isM+
(ii) ,d [kaMgj gqvk <gk ?kj
(iii) ”kehu dk [kkyh VqdM+k
(iv) nks edkuksa osQ ckn ,deaf”kyk edku ftlesa fcuk jaxk gqvk jaxhu yksgs dk iQkVd yxk gSA
34
mRrj 6-  fo vius ?kj tc&tc vkrk gS] vius ?kj dk jkLrk Hkwy tkrk gSA bldk dkj.k gS ml u, clrs bykosQ esa gksus okyk
d
rs”kh ls ifjorZuA ogk¡ çfrfnu u,&u, fuekZ.k dk;Z gks jgs gSa] u,&u, edku cu jgs gSaA ykSVrs le; viuh Le`fr esa tks
fu'kku ysdj tkrk gS] iqu% vkus ij mlesa Hkkjh cnyko ikrk gS vkSj vius edku rd ig¡qpus osQ fy, ,d ?kj ihNs ;k
nks ?kj vkxs pyk tkrk gSA
mRrj 7- ^olar dk x;k ir>M+ dks ykSVk* vkSj ^cSlk[k dk x;k Hkknks dks ykSVk* ifjorZu dk laosQr gSA bldk vfHkçk; gSµolar
vkSj ir>M+ osQ chp ,d yack le; chr pqdk gSA mlh rjg cSlk[k dk x;k Hkknks osQ chp Hkh yack le; chr x;k gSA
yacs varjky osQ dkj.k cgqr ifjorZu gks x;k gSA dfo osQ Le`fr esa olar osQ tks fpg~u Fks] mlosQ LFkku ij ir>M+ us LFkku
ys fy, gSaA bl çdkj le; vkSj ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa cgqr ifjorZu vk x;k gSA
fuca/kRed iz'u
mRrj 1-  fo dgrk gS fd bl ifjorZu'khy ;qx esa {k.k&{k.k cnyko vk jgk gSA dy tks Fkk vkt mlosQ Lo:i esa Hkkjh ifjorZu
d
gks x;k gSA blfy, osQoy Le`fr;ksa osQ lgkjs thou ugha ft;k tk ldrkA thou esa le; osQ ifjorZu osQ lkFk ifjfLFkfr;ksa
esa rhoz xfr ls ifjorZu gksrs jgus ls Le`fr;k¡ /ks[kk ns nsrh gSaA clar osQ ckn ir>M+ ;k cSlk[k osQ ckn Hkknks vkus ij geus
tks ifjn`'; clar ;k cSlk[k esa ns[kk Fkk vkSj mls Le`fr esa j[k fy;k Fkk og ir>M+ vkSj Hkknks esa ,dne cny x;k gSA
olar vkSj cSlk[k dk dksbZ fu'kku 'ks"k ugha cpk gSA
mRrj 2- ^u, bykosQ esa* dfork dk osQanzh; Hkko ;g gSµbl dfork osQ ekè;e ls dfo ,d ,slh nqfu;k esa ços'k dk vkea=k.k nsrk
gS] tks lrr ifjorZu'khy gS vkSj ,d fnu esa gh iqjkuh iM+ tkrh gSA ;g dfork bl ckr dk cks/ djkrh gS fd thou
esa oqQN Hkh LFkk;h ugha gSA bl {k.k&{k.k ifjofrZr gksrh gqbZ nqfu;k esa Le`fr;ksa osQ Hkjksls gh ugha ft;k tk ldrkA
mRrj 3- bl dfork esa dfo us 'kgjksa esa gksus okys ifjorZu dh foMacuk dh vksj laosQr fd;k gSA 'kgjksa esa bruh rs”kh ls ifjorZu
gks jgk gS fd tc ge ml LFkku ls tgk¡ ls x, Fks] nksckjk okil vkrs gSa rks ogk¡ bruk ifjorZu gks x;k gksrk gS fd vius
visf{kr LFkku ij ig¡qpuk eqf'dy gks tkrk gSA fLFkfr ;g gks tkrh gS fd ikl osQ lHkh ?kjksa osQ njok”ks [kV[kVkus dh
”k:jr iM+ tkrh gS fd 'kk;n dksbZ igpkuk O;fDr f[kM+dh ls ;k Åij ls ns[kdj igpku ys vkSj cqyk ysA vkt 'kgjksa
dh ;gh foMacuk gks xbZ gSA
mRrj 4- bl dfork osQ ekè;e ls dfo us ;g crkus dk ç;kl fd;k gS fd vkt osQ vk/qfud euq"; osQ ikl le; dk cgqr
vHkko gSA bl rs”kh ls gksus okys ifjorZu osQ ;qx esa cnyrs lalkj esa çR;sd O;fDr ,d&nwljs ls vkxs fudy tkus dh
gksM+ esa yxk gSA lcosQ ikl le; dk furkar vHkko gSA fdlh dks oqQN crkus ;k tokc nsus dk vodk'k ugha gSaA çR;sd
O;fDr vius&vius y{; dks çkIr djus esa my>k gqvk gSA rhoz ifjorZu osQ dkj.k thou dh xfr rhoz gks xbZ gSA ,sls esa
dfo vk'kk djrk gS fd le; osQ vHkko esa 'kk;n dksbZ ifjfpr O;fDr mls ns[k iqdkj ysxkA
mRrj 5- (d) çLrqr iafDr;ksa esa dfo dgrk gS fd bl cnyko osQ ;qx esa vc ek=k ;knnk'r ij gh Hkjkslk ugha fd;k tk ldrkA
bldk dkj.k gS& rhoz ifjorZu çfrfnu u,&u, ifjorZu gks jgs gSaA ge dy tks ns[kdj vk, Fks vkt ogk¡ cgqr
cnyko gks x;k gSA vc osQoy Le`fr osQ Hkjksls ge ml LFkku dh igpku ugha dj ldrsA
([k) vkt bl ifjorZu'khy ;qx dh Hkkxe&Hkkx f”kanxh esa fdlh dks fdlh osQ igpkuus dh ;k mls lgh ekxZ crkus osQ
fy, vodk'k ugha gSaA rs”kh ls cnyrs thou dh HkkxnkSM+ dh f”kanxh ls laosnuk,¡ lekIr gksrh tk jgh gSaA le; dk
cks> bruk gS ekuksa vHkh vkdk'k flj ij fxj iM+sxkA bl fLFkfr esa osQoy bruh gh vk'kk 'ks"k gS fd 'kk;n dksbZ
igpku ys vkSj cqyk ysA
(2) [kq'kcw jprs gSa gkFk
dkO;ka'k ij vk/kfjr ç'u
dkO;ka'k µ 1
mRrj (i) [ kq'kcw jpus okys gkFk dbZ ukyksa osQ ikj] owQM+s&dM+dV osQ <sj osQ ckn dbZ xfy;ksa osQ chp cncw ls iQVrs tkrs bl Vksys
osQ vanj os yksx jgrs gSa ftuosQ gkFk [kq'kcw jprs gSa vFkkZr vxjcfRr;k¡] /wi vkfn lqxaf/r inkFkZ jprs gSaA
mRrj (ii) ^[kq'kcw jprs gSa gkFk* ls dfo dk vk'k; vxjcRrh cukus okys xjhc rcosQ osQ yksxksa ls gSaA tks cncw ls iQVrs tkrs Vksys
osQ vanj [kq'kCkw jprs gSaA
mRrj (iii) Jfedksa osQ uUgsa cPpksa osQ gkFk ihiy osQ u, iRrkas dh rjg dksey gksrs gaSA
35
dkO;ka'k µ 2
mRrj (i) ^dVs&fiVs gkFk* ls rkRi;Z gS] os ifjJeh gkFk tks vxjcfRr;k¡ cukrs le; vR;f/d ifjJe osQ dkj.k dV&iQV x, gSaA
os ifjJeh yksx vius bUgha ?kk;y] dVs&iQVs gkFkksa ls ?kjksa] egyksa] nsoky;ksa vkfn dks lqxaf/r djus okyh /wi] vxjcfRr;ksa
dk fuekZ.k djrs gSaA
mRrj (ii) ^ihiy osQ iRrs&ls u,&u, gkFk* dk ç;ksx mu gkFkksa osQ fy, fd;k x;k gS tks ihiy osQ iRrs dh Hkk¡fr cgqr dksey gS
vFkkZr ckydksa osQ gkFk gSaA ;g e”knwj oxZ vius iwjs ifjokj&cky&o`n~/&;qok L=kh&iq#"k lHkh feydj lalkj dks [kq'kcwnkj
cukus dk ç;Ru djus esa yxs gSaA
mRrj (iii) ^twgh dh Mky ls [kq'kcwnkj gkFk* Jfed efgykvksa osQ gkFkksa osQ fo"k; esa dgk x;k gSA
dkO;ka'k µ 3
mRrj (i) d
 fo v#.k dey dh jpuk ^[kq'kcw jprs gSa gkFk* lekt vkSj 'kklu osQ lkFk ifjfLFkfr;ksa] vkfFkZd fo"kerkvksa osQ çfr ,d
djkjk O;aX; gSA jpukdkj dgrs gSa fd owQM+k&dM+dV osQ <sj osQ ikl tgk¡ dbZ xans ukys cgrs gSa muosQ ikl xanh xfy;ksa
esa jgus okys cky&o`n~/&;qok nsoky;ksa] iwtk&?kjksa] egyksa] dksBksa&vVkfj;ksa dks lqxaf/r inkFkZ cukrs gSaA
mRrj (ii) ^jkrjkuh* ,d iq"i dk uke gS tks jkr esa f[kyrk gS vkSj cgqr lqxa/ fc[ksjrk gSA mlh jkrjkuh dh lqxa/ okyh vxjcfRr;ksa
dk fuekZ.k bu xanh] cncwnkj xfy;ksa] eksgYyksa esa jgus okys yksx djrs gSaA
mRrj (iii) dfo ;g crkuk pkgrk gS fd ifjJeh yksx foijhr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Hkh vius Je dh lqxa/ fc[ksjrs gSaA
vU; egRoiw.kZ ç'u
vfr y?kwRrjkRed ç'u
mRrj 1- xans eqgYys osQ xans yksx ifjJeh e”knwj Jfed gksrs gSaA
mRrj 2- çLrqr dfork esa dfo us lkekftd&vkfFkZd fo"kerk dks mtkxj fd;k gSA
mRrj 3-  fork esa mHkjh ulksa okys] f?kls uk[kwu okyk] ihiy osQ iRrs&ls u,&u, gkFk] twgh dh Mky ls] xans dVs&iQVs gkFkksa dh
d
ppkZ gqbZ gSA
mRrj 4- ogk¡ dk okrkoj.k cgqr xank vkSj cncwnkj gksrk gSA
mRrj 5- ^ihiy osQ iRrs&ls u,&u, gkFk* e”knwjksa osQ cPpksa osQ dksey gkFk osQ fy, dgk x;k gSA
mRrj 6- vxjcfRr;k¡ cukrs le; gkFk esa ”k[e gks tkrs gSa D;ksafd vxjcfRr;k¡ vusd oLrqvksa osQ ;ksx ls curh gSA
mRrj 7- ^[kq'kcw jprs gSa gkFk* dfork osQ jpukdkj dfo v#.k dey gSaA
mRrj 8- ;s [kq'kcwnkj gkFk viuh xjhch vkSj vkfFkZd vHkko osQ dkj.k xans LFkkuksa ij jgus osQ fy, foo'k gaSA
y?kwRrjkRed ç'u
mRrj 1- ; s [kq'kcw jpus okys gkFk dbZ çdkj osQ gSaA bl çdkj vxjcfRr;k¡ cukus okys gkFk gSaµmHkjh ulksa okys gkFk] f?kls uk[kwuksa
okys gkFk] ihiy osQ iRrs&ls u,&u, gkFk] twgh osQ Mky ls [kq'kcwnkj gkFk] xans dVs&iQVs gkFk] ”k[e ls iQVs gq, gkFk
vFkkZr cky] L=kh] iq#"k] o`n~/] ;qok osQ dVs&iQVs gkFkksa osQ lg;ksx ls [kq'kcw jph tkrh gSA
mRrj 2-  xjcfRr;k¡ cukus okys yksx vR;ar fu/Zu vkSj vlgk; yksx gSaA vius vkfFkZd vHkko osQ /uh vkSj ifjJeh yksx gqujean
v
gksus ij Hkh bl çdkj dk xanxhiw.kZ thou thus osQ fy, foo'k gSaA ;s vkfFkZd :i ls de”kksj gSa ijarq vkRek ls /uhA bUgsa
vius ifjJe dk Hkjkslk gS] Ny&çiap] pksjh&csbZekuh ij ughaA
mRrj 3- ^[kq'kcw jprs gSa gkFk* dfork ;g lans'k nsrh gS fd thou esa [kq'kcw Hkjus okyksa dk thou] vius ifjJe osQ n~okjk thou
dks [kq'kgky cukus okys yksxksa dk thou fdruk ukVdh; vkSj d"Viw.kZ gSA dfo lekt vkSj 'kklu nksuksa dk è;ku mudh
vksj vkdf"kZr djuk pkgrk gS ftlls mudk thou Lrj mB losQA
mRrj 4-  fo us lkekftd&vkfFkZd fo"kerkvksa ij O;aX; djrs gq, dgk gS&^[kq'kcw jprs gSa gkFk*A ,slk blfy, dgk gS D;ksafd ;s
d
os yksx gSa tks viuk thou nqx±/e; vkSj xans okrkoj.k esa fcrkrs gSa] bu efyu LFkkuksa esa jgrs gSa] vius gkFkksa ls [kq'kcw
jprs gSa] vxjcfRr;k¡ cukrs gSaA egyksa] dksBksa&vVkfj;ksa] nsoky;ksa&eafnjksa dks lqxaf/r djus osQ fy,A
36
mRrj 5-  fo çLrqr dfork ^[kq'kcw jprs gSa gkFk* osQ ekè;e ls ;g crkuk pkgrs gSa fd ;s [kq'kcw jpkus okys gkFk xanh] cncwnkj
d
efyu cfLr;ksa esa jgrs gSa] tks xans ukyksa vkSj owQM+ksa osQ <sj osQ ikl jgdj vius dBksj Je ls loZ=k [kq'kcw fc[ksjus okys
inkFkZ cukrs gaSA
mRrj 6-  fo v#.k dey us gkFkksa osQ fy, mHkjh ulksa okyk] f?kls uk[kwuksa okys] ihiy osQ iRrs&ls u,&u,] twgh dh Mky
d
ls [kq'kcwnkj vkSj xans dVs&iQVs] ”k[e ls iQVs gq, vkfn fo'ks"k.kksa dk ç;ksx cgqr lqanj <ax ls fd;k gSA bu gkFkksa esa
ckyd&;qok&o`n~/] fL=k;ksa lcosQ feys&tqys gkFk gSa tks vf/d ifjJe osQ dkj.k dVs&iQVs vkSj ”k[eh gks x, gSaA
fuca/kRed ç'u
mRrj 1- [ kq'kcw jprs gkFkksa osQ çfr lekt dh mnklhurk vkSj mis{kk osQ n'kZu gksrs gSaA bu [kq'kcw Hkjs gkFkksa osQ dBksj Je dk gh
ifj.kke lekt vkSj ns'k dh mUufr gS vkSj blh oxZ dks lekt n~okjk frjLdkj dk na'k >syuk iM+rk gS] mUgsa mis{kk dk
vieku lgu djuk iM+rk gSA ;g Bhd mlh rjg gS tSls iwjs lekt esa [kq'kcw fc[ksjus okys inkFkks± osQ fuekZrk lM+rh xfy;ksa
okyh efyu cfLr;ksa esa thou O;rhr djus osQ fy, foo'k gSA lekt viuk ?kj] bZ'oj] viuk nsoky; lqxaf/r rks djuk
pkgrk gS ijarq bu lqxaf/r inkFkks±µvxjcfRr;ksa osQ fuekZrk osQ thou ls mUgsa oqQN Hkh ysuk&nsuk ugha gSA
mRrj 2-  fo us çLrqr dfork ^[kq'kcw jprs gSa gkFk* osQ ekè;e ls lekt esa O;kIr fo"kerkvksa dks mtkxj djus dk ç;Ru fd;k
d
gSA ;g fdldh vkSj oSQlh dkjLrkuh gS fd tks oxZ lekt esa lkSan;Z dh l`f"V dj jgk gS vkSj mls [kq'kgky cuk jgk gS]
vkt ogh oxZ vHkkoxzLr thou osQ fy, xanh] cncwnkj xfy;ksa esa viuk thou clj dj jgk gSA yksxksa osQ thou esa lqxa/
fc[ksjus okys gkFk] Hk;kog vkSj nqnZ'kkiw.kZ fLFkfr;ksa esa viuk thou thus osQ fy, foo'k gSA D;k foMacuk gS fd [kq'kcw jpus
okys gkFk nwj njkt osQ lcls xans vkSj cncwnkj bykdksa esa thou fcrk jgs gSaA LoLFk lekt osQ fuekZ.k esa ;ksxnku djus
okys ;s yksx misf{kr gSaA vkf[kj dc rd\
mRrj 3- ; s [kq'kcw jpus okys gkFk owQM+k&djdV osQ <sj osQ ikl xanh] cncwnkj efyu cfLr;ksa esa jgdj gh lalkj dks lqxaf/r djus
okys inkFkZ dk fuekZ.k djrs gSa blhfy, bUgsa ^xans eqgYys osQ xans yksx* dh laKk nh tkrh gSA ;g mfDr lekt dh foo`Qr
euksn'kk dk n~;ksrd gSA lekt ;g Hkwy tkrk gS fd LoPN] lqxa/e; oLrq cukus osQ fy, gkFkksa dks] oL=kksa dks xank djuk
iM+rk gS fdarq bUgsa xans eqgYys esa ig¡qpkus osQ fy, ;g lekt gh f”kEesnkj gSA ;g lekt dk nkf;Ro vkSj drZO; nksuksa gSa
fd bu [kq'kcw jpus okyksa dks mu xanh] efyu cfLr;ksa ls ckgj fudkysA
mRrj 4-  gk¡ lqxa/ fc[ksjus okyh vxjcfRr;k¡ curh gSa] ogk¡ dk okrkoj.k cgqr nqx±/iw.kZ gSA ;s vxjcfRr;k¡ cukus okys yksx dbZ
t
ukyksa osQ ikj owQM+s&djdV osQ <sjksa osQ ckn cncw ls iQVrs tkrh l¡djh xfy;ksa esa jgdj vius vFkd ifjJe ls egyksa dks
lqxaf/r djus okyh vxjcfRr;ksa dks cukrs gSaA ;s [kq'kcwnkj vxjcfRr;ksa osQ jpukdkj Jfed ,sls vLoPN vkSj nqx±/iw.kZ
okrkoj.k esa jgdj] vusd foo'krkvksa vkSj etcwfj;ksa dks >syrs gq, thou dks lqxaf/r djus okyh vxjcfRr;ksa dh jpuk
djrs gSaA
mRrj 5- bl dfork dks fy[kus dk dfo dk ewy mn~ns'; gSµ lekt dks vkbZuk fn[kkukA ftlls og lekt n~okjk dh tkus okyh
Jfedksa osQ çfr mis{kk vkSj frjLdkj dh lPpkbZ dks tku losQ] tks lekt dks mUufr'khy cukus esa viuk vHkwriwoZ ;ksxnku
djrs gSaA loZ=k lqxa/ fc[ksjus dk tks lkeku rS;kj djus esa viuk [kwu&ilhuk yxk nsrs gSaA dfo lekt esa ekuoh;rk
dk Hkko tkx`r djuk pkgrk gS ftlls mudh ekuork bu Jfedksa osQ çfr tkx`r gks losQ vkSj lekt mUgsa muosQ laiw.kZ
vf/dkj] vkSj lqfo/k çnku djsA
mRrj 6- (d) d
 fo us bu iafDr;ksa osQ ekè;e ls lekt dk è;ku mu xjhc vkSj e”knwjksa dh vksj [khapus dk ç;kl fd;k gS tks
vLoPN okrkoj.k esa jgus osQ fy, foo'k gSaA buosQ ihiy osQ iRrs osQ lkeku u, gkFk Hkh gaS vFkkZr cPps Hkh gSa
tks etcwjh o'k e”knwjh djus dks foo'k gaSA blh çdkj twgh dh Mky osQ leku [kwclwjr efgykvksa osQ Hkh gkFk
gSa ftUgsa dBksj ifjJe djuk iM+ jgk gSA ;g le; vkSj lekt dh Hk;kud foMacuk gSA
([k) m i;ZqDr iafDr;k¡ ml lPpkbZ dk inkZiQk'k djrh gS ftlesa nqfu;k Hkj esa [kq'kcw iSQykus okys yksx xanxh vkSj vLoPN
okrkoj.k esa lekt ls misf{kr thou thus osQ fy, foo'k gSaA blosQ ckotwn lekt bu ij jge ugha djrk vkSj
budk 'kks"k.kdj bUgsa ihfM+r fd;k tkrk gSA
mRrj 7-  fo us bl dfork esa xfy;ksa] ukyksa] xans gkFkksa] uk[kwuksa] eqgYyksa] vxjcfRr;ksa o xans yksx bR;kfn cgqopu 'kCnksa dk ç;ksx
d
fd;k gSA bldk dkj.k gSµdfo fdlh ,d e”knwj ;k fdlh ,d eqgYys dh ckr ugha djrkA gekjs ns'k esa ,sls eksgYys
g”kkjksa dh la[;k esa gSa tgk¡ yk[kksa e”knwj misf{kr] ihfM+r vkSj 'kksf"kr thou fcrkus osQ fy, etcwj gSA ;g leL;k fdlh
,d gh LFkku dh ugha gSaA blh lPpkbZ dh vfHkO;fDr osQ fy, bl dfork esa cgqopu dk vf/d ç;ksx fd;k x;k gSA
37
 lap;u % Hkkxµ1
ikBµ1
fxYyw
ikB ij vk/kfjr egRoiw.kZ iz'u
y?kq mRrjh; ç'u
mRrj 1- , d fnu ,d fxygjh dk uotkr cPpk vius ?kksalys ls uhps fxj iM+k ftlij nks dkSos viuk vkgkj cukus osQ mn~ns'; ls
pksap çgkj djus yxs fd ysf[kdk dh u”kj ml cPps ij iM+hA os mls mBkdj ?kj osQ vanj ykbZ] mldk leqfpr mipkj
fd;k vkSj dkSoksa osQ pksap ls ?kk;y og fxygjh dk cPpk nks fnuksa ckn yxHkx LoLFk gks x;kA ysf[kdk us ml cPps dk
ukedj.k ^fxYyw* fd;kA
mRrj 2- fxYyw Hkw[k yxus ij fpd&fpd djosQ vius Hkw[ks gksus dh lwpuk ysf[kdk dks nsrkA ysf[kdk ;g vkok”k lqurs gh le>
tkrh Fkh fd fxYyw Hkw[kk gSA mldk fç; Hkkstu dktw FkkA fcLoqQV ls Hkh mldh Hkw[k 'kkar gks tkrh FkhA
mRrj 3-  c ysf[kdk ?kj ls ckgj pyh tkrh rc fxYyw Hkh f[kM+dh dh [kqyh tkyh osQ jkLrs ckgj pyk tkrkA og fnuHkj viuh
t
fcjknjh ;kuh fxygfj;ksa dk usrk cuk ?kwerk] bl Mky ls ml Mky ij mNy&owQn epkrk] ijarq Bhd pkj cts og f[kM+dh
ls Hkhrj vkdj vius >wys esa >wyus yxrkA
mRrj 4-  sf[kdk dks vLirky esa jguk iM+kA bldk dkj.k Fkkµ mudk eksVj nq?kZVuk esa vkgr gksukA os eksVj nq?kZVuk ls pksVxzLr gks
y
xbZ ftlls mUgsa oqQN fnu vLirky esa jguk iM+kA mu fnuksa tc ysf[kdk osQ dejs dk njok”kk [kksyk tkrk] fxYyw vius
>wys ls mrjdj nkSM+rk vkSj fiQj fdlh nwljs dks ns[kdj mlh rhozrk ls vius >wys ;k ?kksalys ij tk cSBrkA lc mls dktw
ns tkrs ij og dHkh [kk;k ughaA bldk irk ysf[kdk dks vLirky ls ykSVdj >wys dh lI+kQkbZ djrs le; pyk] tc ogk¡
dktw feysA
mRrj 5-  sf[kdk dks çkf.k;ksa ls cgqr I;kj FkkA ;gh dkj.k Fkk fd muosQ lkfUuè; esa dbZ çk.kh Fks ijarq muesa fxYyw lcls fHkUu FkkA
y
NksVs&ls çk.kh fxYyw us vius gko&Hkko vkSj fozQ;kdyki ls ;g fln~/ dj fn;k Fkk fd mlesa Hkh laosnuk,¡ gSa] viukiu
gS vkSj euq";ksa osQ Hkkoksa&fopkjksa dks le>us dk lkeF;Z gSA ;g lc ckrsa ysf[kdk dks fxYyw osQ viuRo] o`QrKrk trkus]
ysf[kdk osQ vLirky esa jgrs le; nq[kh gksus osQ dkj.k dktw osQ u [kkus ls Kkr gqbZA bl çdkj lHkh i'kq&if{k;ksa esa fxYyw
lcls fHkUu FkkA
mRrj 6- fxYyw ysf[kdk osQ vLoLFk gksus ij fcLrj ij ysVus osQ ckn rfd, osQ lgkjs fljgkus cSBdj vius uUgsa&uUgsa iatksa ls mlosQ
flj vkSj ckyksa dks bruh lkSE;rk ls lgykrk jgrk ekuks dksbZ ifjpkfjdk ysf[kdk osQ flj vkSj ckyksa dks lgyk jgh gksA
fxYyw dk bl çdkj ysf[kdk dk flj lgykuk mls cgqr vPNk yxrk FkkA
mRrj 7- ysf[kdk dks fxYyw muosQ dejs osQ cjkens osQ ikl iM+s ,d xeys osQ ikl ?kk;y n'kk esa feykA ftls nks dkSos vius pksap
çgkj ls ekjus dk ç;kl dj jgs Fks vkSj ;g NksVk&lk tho xeys osQ ikl dh nhokj dh laf/ esa fNius dk ç;Ru dj
jgk FkkA tc og fudV xbZ rks mUgsa NksVk&lk fxygjh dk cPpk feyk tks laHkor% vius ?kksalys ls fxj x;k Fkk vkSj dkSos
mls viuk vkgkj cukus dh lksp esa vkozQe.k dj jgs FksA
mRrj 8- gekjs 'kkL=kksa osQ vuqlkj gekjs iqj[ks gal] e;wj vkfn osQ :i esa ugha] fir`i{k esa dkSos osQ :i esa gh vkdj Hkkstu xzg.k
djrs gSaA mUgsa vkSj nwljs çk.kh dk Lo:i ugha ilan gSA ;g gekjs 'kkL=kksa dh ekU;rk gSA blosQ ihNs dkSu&lk n'kZu gS] ;g
Kkr ugha gSA
mRrj 9-  sf[kdk osQ dkdiqjk.k esa ck/k rc iM+h tc mudh n`f"V xeys vkSj nhokj dh laf/ esa fNis ,d NksVs ls tho ij iM+hA
y
ysf[kdk tc xeys osQ fudV xbZ rks ns[kk fd ,d NksVk&lk fxygjh dk cPpk FkkA tks 'kk;n ?kksalys ls fxj iM+k Fkk vkSj
dkSos mls viuk Hkkstu cukus osQ fiQjkd esa FksA
mRrj 10- y
 sf[kdk us iwQy j[kus dh ,d gydh Mfy;k esa #bZ fcNkdj mls ,d rkj osQ lgkjs f[kM+dh ls yVdk fn;kA ;gh fxYyw
dk ?kj FkkA fxYyw dk tc eu gksrk] vius ?kj dks Lo;a fgyk, >wys dk dke ys ysrkA vius ?kj esa ls og 'kh'ks osQ eudksa
tSlh pednkj vk¡[kksa n~okjk f[kM+dh ls ckgj dk u”kkjk ns[krkA
mRrj 11- l
 ksutqgh dh yrk esa ,d ihyh dyh yxh ns[kdj ysf[kdk dks ml NksVs&ls tho dk Lej.k gks vk;k] tks blh lksutqgh
dh l?ku gjhfrek esa fNidj cSBrk Fkk vkSj fiQj ysf[kdk osQ fudV ig¡qprs gh da/s ij owQndj pkSadk nsrk FkkA rc eq>s
dyh dh [kkst jgrh Fkh] ij vc ml y?kqçk.k dh [kkst gSA
38
mRrj 12- y
 sf[kdk dkSos osQ n~okjk muosQ pksap ls ?kk;y ml NksVs ls fxygjh osQ cPps dks mBkdj ?kj osQ vanj ykbZA mUgksaus dkSos
osQ pksap ls gq, ?kko dks #bZ ls iksaNk] mlij isaflfyu dk ejge yxk;kA blosQ ckn ysf[kdk us #bZ dh iryh cRrh nw/
ls fHkxksdj tSls&tSls mlosQ uUgsa ls eq¡g esa yxkbZ ij eq¡g [kqy u ldk vkSj nw/ dh cw¡nsa nksuksa vksj <qyd xbZA dbZ ?kaVs
osQ mipkj osQ mijkar mlosQ eq¡g esa ,d cw¡n ikuh Vidk;k tk ldkA
mRrj 13- l
 ksutqgh dh yrk osQ uhps fxYyw dh lekf/ nh xbZ gS D;ksafd fxYyw dks og yrk lcls vf/d fç; FkkA blfy, Hkh fd
ml y?kqxkr dk] fdlh oklarh fnu] tqgh osQ firkHk NksVs iwQy esa f[ky tkus dk fo'okl] ysf[kdk dks larks"k nsrk gSA
mRrj 14- y
 sf[kdk crkrh gSa fd gekjs 'kkL=kksa esa dkSos dks leknfjr vkSj vuknfjr nksuksa çdkj dk çk.kh dgk x;k gSA leknfjr] bl
:i esa dgk x;k gS fd gekjs fir`x.k x#.k] e;wj osQ :i esa ;k gal osQ :i esa ugha vk ldrs] os fir` i{k esa gels oqQN
ikus osQ fy, dkd cudj gh vkrs gSaA fç;tuksa dks vkus dh lwpuk Hkh dkd gh doZQ'k Loj esa nsrs gSaA nwljh vksj] ge
dkSos osQ dk¡o&dk¡o djus dks voekuuk osQ :i esa gh ç;qDr djrs gSaA
mRrj 15- y
 sf[kdk dk è;ku vkdf"kZr djus osQ fy, fxYyw us ,d vPNk mik; [kkst fudkykA og ysf[kdk osQ iSj rd vkdj ljZ
ls ijns ij p<+ tkrk vkSj fiQj mlh rs”kh ls uhps mrjrkA mldk ;g nkSM+us dk ozQe rc rd pyrk] tc rd ysf[kdk
mls idM+us osQ fy, u mBrhA
nh?kZ mRrjh; ç'u
mRrj 1-  sf[kdk us dkSos dh nks çdkj dh fo'ks"krk,¡ crkbZ gSaµleknfjr vkSj vuknfjrA vfr lEekfur vkSj vfr voekfurA mldh
y
leknfjr fo'ks"krk,¡ gSaµgekjs iqj[ks u x#M+ osQ :i esa vk ldrs gSa] u e;wj osQ] u gal osQ :i esaA mUgsa fir` i{k esa gels
oqQN ikus osQ fy, dkd cudj gh vorh.kZ gksuk iM++rk gSA nwljh fo'ks"krk gSµnwjLFk fç;tu osQ vkxeu dk e/qj lans'k
buosQ doZQ'k Loj esa gh nsuk iM+rk gSA dkS, dks vuknfjr çk.kh blfy, dgk tkrk gS D;ksafd ;s dk¡o&dk¡o djrs gSa vkSj
;g mudh dVq vkok”k fdlh dks ilan ugha vkrhA
mRrj 2- m l NksVs ls tho fxYyw dks cpkus osQ fy, ysf[kdk dks mlosQ mipkj osQ fy, dfBu ifjJe djuk iM+kA ysf[kdk dkSoksa
osQ pksap ls ?kk;y fxygjh osQ cPps dks dejs esa ys vkb± vkSj #bZ ls mldh pksV osQ jDr dks lkI+kQ fd;k vkSj ml ij
isaflfyu dk ejge yxk;kA blosQ ckn mUgksaus #bZ dh cRrh nw/ ls fHkxksdj tSls&rSls mlosQ uUgsa eq¡g ls yxkbZ ijarq mldk
eq¡g u [kqykA ysf[kdk fujk'k ugha gqbZA vius ç;kl esa yxh jghA fiQj dbZ ?kaVs osQ mipkj osQ ckn mlosQ eq¡g esa ,d cw¡n
ikuh Mkyus esa liQy gqbZA
mRrj 3- fxYyw dh fuEu of.kZr ps"Vk,¡ fxYyw osQ var le; dk laosQr djus yxh FkhaA xjeh osQ fnu FksA ysf[kdk tc nksigj esa
dke djrh jgrh] fxYyw ckgj u tkdj vius >wys esa jgrk Fkk ysf[kdk osQ fudV j[kh lqjkgh ij ysV tkrkA bl rjg og
ysf[kdk osQ lehi Hkh jgrk vkSj xjeh ls Hkh cp tkrkA vius thou osQ vafre fnu mlus fnuHkj oqQN ugha [kk;k vkSj
u gh ckgj x;kA jkr esa e`R;q dh ;kruk esa Hkh fxYyw vius >wys ls mrjdj ysf[kdk osQ fcLrj ij vk;k vkSj vius BaMs
iatksa ls ysf[kdk dh vaxqyh idM+dj fpid x;k ftls cpiu esa mlus ej.kklUu fLFkfr esa idM+k FkkA
mRrj 4-  sf[kdk us fxYyw esa çFke olar osQ vkxeu dks bl çdkj igpkuk fd ysf[kdk dks uhe&pesyh dh xa/ dh vuqHkwfr vius
y
dejs esa /hjs&/hjs gksus yxhaA ckgj dh fxygfj;k¡ f[kM+dh dh tkyh osQ ikl vkdj fpd&fpd djosQ u tkus D;k fxYyw
ls cfr;kus yxha] u tkus D;k dgus yxhA ysf[kdk us fxYyw dks tkyh osQ ikl cSBdj viusiu ls ckgj >k¡drs ns[kk rks
mls yxk fd vc fxYyw dks eqDr djuk vko';d gS vkSj mUgksaus tkyh osQ ,d dksus ls dhysa fudkydj ,d dksuk [kksy
fn;kA
mRrj 5- ç'u esa nh xbZ mi;qZDr iafDr dk vk'k; ;g gS fd fxYyw us çkr%dky dh igyh fdj.k osQ Li'kZ osQ lkFk gh fdlh u,
thou dks /kj.k djus osQ fy,] u;k tUe ysus osQ fy, bl tUe ls fonk yh vFkkZr mlosQ çk.k i[ks# mM+ x,A ;n~;fi
ysf[kdk us fxYyw dh çk.k j{kk osQ fy, cgqr ç;kl fd,A mlosQ iats dh 'khryrk dh vuqHkwfr gksus ij ysf[kdk us ghVj
pykdj xjeh çnku djus dk ç;Ru fd;k] ijarq e`R;q dk dksbZ mipkj ugha gSA varr% fxYyw us çkr%dky gksrs gh nwljs
yksd dks çLFkku fd;kA
mRrj 6- fxYyw dks eqDr djus dh vko';drk blfy, le>h xbZ tc ysf[kdk us ns[kk fd mldh fcjknjh dh fxygfj;k¡ tkyh osQ
ikl vkdj fpd&fpd djrh gqbZ fxYyw ls u tkus D;k ckrsa djus yxh FkhaA fxYyw Hkh tkyh osQ ikl cSBdj viusiu ls
ckgj >k¡dus yxk FkkA ;g ns[k ysf[kdk dks vuqHkwfr gqbZ fd fxYyw osQ thou esa Hkh olar dk vkxeu gks x;k gSA mlus
dhy fudkydj tkyh dk ,d dksuk [kksy fn;k vkSj bl ekxZ ls ckgj tkdj fxYyw us mUeqDr lk¡l yhA

39
 ikBµ2
Le`fr
ikB ij vk/kfjr egRoiw.kZ iz'u
y?kq mRrjh; ç'u
mRrj 1- e D[kuiqj i<+us tkus okyh cPpksa dh Vksyh jkLrs esa iM+us okys oqQ,¡ esa blfy, <syk isQadrh Fkh fd lw[ks oqQ,¡ esa ,d Hk;adj
lk¡i Fkk tks <syk isQadus ij cgqr rs”kh ls iqQiQdkjrk Fkk vkSj cPps mldh iqQldkj lqudj cgqr çlUu gksrs FksA xk¡o ls
eD[kuiqj tkrs vkSj eD[kuiqj ls xk¡o ykSVrs le; cPpksa dk çfrfnu dk ;g ozQe gks x;k FkkA
mRrj 2-  k¡i dk è;ku c¡Vkus osQ fy, ys[kd us dbZ ;qfDr;k¡ viukb±A mlus igys lk¡i ij feV~Vh fxjkbZA lk¡i osQ ikl ls fpV~fB;k¡
l
gVkus osQ fy, MaMs dk ç;ksx fd;kA feV~Vh isaQddj lk¡i dks mlosQ vklu ls gVk;k] ;qfDriwoZd lk¡i dk geyk ykBh ij
djok;k vkfnA
mRrj 3-  s[kd tc cM+s HkkbZ n~okjk nh xbZ fpV~fB;k¡ Mkd[kkus ys tk jgk Fkk] rc og lw[kk oqQvk¡ jkLrs esa feykA ys[kd çfrfnu
y
osQ ozQe osQ vuqlkj oqQ,¡ esa >k¡ddj ns[kus vkSj <syk isaQdus dh viuh ftKklk u jksd ldk vkSj oqQ,¡ osQ ikl tk ig¡qpk
D;ksafd çfrfnu dh Hkk¡fr vkt Hkh lk¡i dks iqQldkj djokuk FkkA mlus oqQ,¡ osQ fdukjs ls ,d <syk mBk;k vkSj Vksih
mrkjus osQ lkFk <syk oqQ,¡ esa fxjk fn;k] ijarq mlh le; Vksih esa j[kh fpV~fB;k¡ oqQ,¡ esa tk fxjhA
mRrj 4-  k¡i dks p{kq%Jok dgk tkrk gS vFkkZr vk¡[kksa ls lquus okykA bl le; ys[kd dh fLFkfr Hkh p{kq%Jok tSlh gh FkhA og
l
lk¡i osQ iQu ij gh vk¡[ksa xM+k, gqvk FkkA ,slk çrhr gks jgk Fkk ekuks 'kjhj dh lkjh bafnz;k¡ lgkuqHkwfr ls viuh laiw.kZ 'kfDr
vk¡[kksa dks gh çnku dj nh gksA mldh n`f"V lk¡i osQ iQu ij gh yxh Fkh fd og dc fdl rjI+kQ vkozQe.k djrk gSA
mRrj 5- fpV~fB;k¡ oqQ,¡ esa fxjus osQ ckn ys[kd dks fctyh&lh yxhA ml le; ys[kd dh fLFkfr ,slh gqbZ tSls ?kkl pjrs gq, fgju
dks vdLekr~ xksyh yxus ls mlosQ çk.k fudy tkrs gSa vkSj og rM+irk jg tkrk gS] mlh rjg Vksih esa j[kh fpV~fB;k¡ D;k
fudy xbZ] ys[kd dh tku gh fudy xbZA
mRrj 6- ?kj ls fon~;ky; tkrs le; ys[kd viuh Vksyh osQ lkFk ml iqjkus dPps oqQ,¡ osQ ikl #drk vkSj çfrfnu oqQ,¡ esa <sys
MkyrsA ys[kd ;g dk;Z djus osQ fy, viuh Vksyh ls igys gh ig¡qp tkrk vkSj flj ij iguh Vksih dks ,d gkFk ls
idM+dj nwljs gkFk ls <syk isaQdrk FkkA ;g lHkh yM+dksa dh çfrfnu dh vknr gks xbZ FkhA ml le; lk¡i ls iqQldkj
djok ysuk cPpksa dks cgqr cM+h liQyrk dh vuqHkwfr djkrh FkhA
mRrj 7- o qQ,¡ esa ?kqlrs le; ys[kd dks rfud Hkh Hk; eglwl ugha gqvk D;ksafd og vc rd cgqr ls lk¡iksa dks ekj pqdk FkkA
;n~;fi oqQ,¡ esa mrjdj fpV~fB;k¡ okil ysus dk fu.kZ; cgqr Hk;kud Fkk fiQj Hkh mls oqQ,¡ esa iM+s lk¡i ls rfud Hkh Hk;
ugha Fkk D;ksafd mls vius MaMs ij iwjk fo'okl FkkA og lksp jgk Fkk] oqQ,¡ esa mrjrs gh igys mls ekj nsxk fiQj fpV~fB;k¡
mBk ysxkA
mRrj 8-  s[kd us oqQ,¡ okyh ?kVuk lu~ 1915 esa viuh ek¡ dks lqukbZ tc og eSVªhD;qys'ku dh ijh{kk mRrh.kZ dj fy;kA ek¡ us ;g
y
jksekapdkjh ?kVuk lqudj nzfor gks xbZ vkSj lty us=kksa ls mls viuh xksn esa ,sls fcBk fy;k tSls fpfM+;k vius cPpksa dks
ia[k osQ uhps Nqik ysrh gSA
mRrj 9-  s[kd ij cMs+ HkkbZ ls fiVus dk Mj vkSj f”kEesnkjh dh nq/kjh ryokj yVd jgh FkhA mls Hk; Fkk fd ;fn og ?kj ykSVdj
y
i=k dh lPpkbZ crkrk gS rks mldh #bZ dh Hkk¡fr /qukbZ gksxhA bl çdkj ek¡ osQ Hk; ls 'kjhj gh ugha vkRek rd dk¡i
tkrh vkSj og >wB cksyus ij fpV~fB;ksa osQ u ig¡qpus dh f”kEesnkjh osQ cks> ls nck gqvk FkkA
mRrj 10- y
 s[kd oqQ,¡ osQ /jkry ls pkj&ik¡p xt dh nwjh ij Fkk mlus è;ku ls uhps ns[kk rks mldh vDy pdjk xbZA lk¡i iQu
iSQyk, oqQ,¡ osQ /jkry ls ,d gkFk Åij mBk gqvk ygjk jgk FkkA lk¡i dh iw¡N vkSj mlls lVk Hkkx ”kehu ij Fkk vkSj
vk/k vxzHkkx Åij mBk gqvk ys[kd dh çrh{kk dj jgk FkkA
mRrj 11- HkkbZ osQ cqykus ij ys[kd osQ eu esa HkkbZ lkgc n~okjk ekjus dk Mj Fkk blfy, og ?kj tk rks jgk Fkk] ijarq cgqr Mjk
vkSj lgek gqvk FkkA mls ;g le> esa ugha vk jgk Fkk fd mlus dkSu&lh xyrh dh gSA Mjrs&Mjrs og ?kj esa ?kqlkA mls
Hk; Fkk fd csj [kkus osQ vijk/ esa gh mldh HkkbZ lkgc osQ lkeus is'kh gSA
mRrj 12- y
 s[kd n~okjk oqQ,¡ esa <syk isaQdrs le; HkkbZ n~okjk Mkd[kkus esa Mkyus osQ fy, fn, x, i=kksa osQ oqQ,¡ esa fxj tkus osQ ckn
ys[kd bruk Hk;Hkhr gks x;k ekuksa mldh Vksih ls fpV~fB;k¡ D;k fudy xbZ] mldk çk.k gh fudy x;k gSA ys[kd dks
<syk isaQdus osQ ckn ;g Hkh ,glkl ugha gqvk fd <syk fxjus osQ ckn lk¡i us iqQldkj NksM+h ;k ughaA
40
mRrj 13- y
 s[kd n~okjk oqQ,¡ ls fpV~fB;k¡ fudkyus dk fu.kZ; ysus osQ nks dkj.k FksA igyk dkj.k FkkµHkkbZ lkgc dks fpV~fB;ksa osQ
ckjs esa lR; cksyus ij #bZ dh Hkk¡fr /qukbZ gksukA nwljk dkj.k Fkkµ>wB cksy nsus ij fpV~fB;ksa osQ xarO; ij u igq¡pus dh
f”kEesnkjhA bu nksuksa osQ chp varr% mls fpV~fB;ksa dks oqQ,¡ ls fudkyus dk fu.kZ; ysuk iM+kA
mRrj 14- y
 s[kd dk NksVk HkkbZ fpV~fB;k¡ oqQ,¡ esa fxjus osQ dkj.k ”kksj&”kksj ls jksus yxk D;ksafd fpV~fB;k¡ oqQ,¡ esa fxj tkus osQ dkj.k
mUgsa cM+s HkkbZ ls cqjh rjg fiVus dk Mj FkkA blfy, fdlh Hkh çdkj ekj [kkus ls u cpus dh fujk'kk] fiVus dk Hk; vkSj
mn~osx ls ”kksj&”kksj ls jksus dk m-iQku vkrk FkkA
nh?kZ mRrjh; ç'u
mRrj 1-  s[kd us fpV~fB;ksa dks Vksih esa j[k fy;k D;ksafd ys[kd osQ oqQjrs esa tscsa u FkhaA nksuksa HkkbZ mNyrs&owQnrs ,d gh lk¡l esa
y
xk¡o ls pkj iQyk±x nwj ml oqQ,¡ osQ ikl vk x, ftlesa vfr Hk;adj lk¡i iM+k gqvk FkkA oqQ,¡ esa oqQN Hkh fxjus ij og
cM+h rs”kh ls iqQiQdkjrk FkkA ys[kd vkSj mlosQ lkFkh çfrfnu lk¡i dh iqQldkj lquus osQ fy, mlesa <sys isaQdrs FksA ys[kd
<sys isaQdus dk yksHk vkt Hkh laoj.k u dj ldkA ys[kd us oqQ,¡ osQ fdukjs ls ,d <syk mBk;k vkSj oqQ,¡ esa isaQdk] ijarq
mlh le; Vksih gkFk esa ysrs le; mlesa j[kh fpV~fB;k¡ oqQ,¡ esa fxj iM+hA
mRrj 2-  s[kd us vius thou dh ?kVh ?kVuk dk ftozQ fd;k gS] ml le; jk;iQy&canwd vkfn dk çpyu ugha FkkA MaMk gh
y
jk;iQy osQ LFkku ij çeq[k vk;q/ FkkA bu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ys[kd us ykBh osQ cy ij tks lk¡i dk f'kdkj fd;k] og
fdlh jk;iQy osQ n~okjk f'kdkj ls de ugha gSaA ç'u esa nh xbZ mfDr ys[kd n~okjk MaMs osQ cy ij oqQ,¡ esa iM+s Hk;adj
lk¡i ij fot; çkIr djus osQ lanHkZ esa dgh xbZ gSA
mRrj 3-  s[kd us lk¡i dks ekjus dk fu.kZ; blfy, fy;k fd ys[kd n~okjk Mkd[kkus esa NksM+us osQ fy, ys tkbZ tkus okyh fpV~fB;k¡
y
oqQ,¡ esa fxj xbZ ftlesa ,d Hk;adj lk¡i FkkA fpV~Bh Mkd[kkus esa Mkyk tkuk vko';d Fkk vU;Fkk cMs+ HkkbZ ls fiVus dk
Mj FkkA ys[kd osQ ikl oqQ,¡ ls fpV~fB;k¡ fudkyus osQ fy, lk¡i dks ekjus osQ flok nwljk dksbZ fodYi ugha FkkA blhfy,
mUgksaus lk¡i dks ekjus dk fu.kZ; fy;kA
mRrj 4- o qQ,¡ ls fpV~fB;k¡ fudkyus osQ fy, ys[kd us cgqr lkgfld dne mBk,A ys[kd us vius NksVs HkkbZ dh /ksrh] dkuksa esa
c¡/h gqbZ /ksrh dks ,d esa ck¡/dj mlosQ lgkjs oqQ,¡ esa mrjus dk fu.kZ; fy;kA tc os oqQ,¡ osQ /jkry ls pkj&ik¡p xt
Åij Fkk rc mlus lk¡i dks fpV~fB;ksa osQ ikl iQu mBk, cSBk ns[kkA /jkry ij bruh txg ugha Fkh ftlls MaMs ls lk¡i
dks ekjk tk losQA lk¡i oqQ,¡ osQ chp esa gh iQu mBk, [kM+k FkkA ys[kd us lk¡i dk è;ku MaMs osQ ekè;e ls o feV~Vh
isaQddj lk¡i dks fpV~fB;ksa ls nwj fd;k vkSj mUgsa mBkus esa liQy gqvkA
mRrj 5-  s[kd le> x;k Fkk fd MaMs ls lk¡i dks ekjk ugha tk ldrk rc mlus lkspk fd fpV~fB;ksa dks MaMs osQ n~okjk lk¡i ls
y
nwj ljdk;k tk,A ys[kd us MaMs dks T;ksa gh lk¡i dh nk;ha vksj iM+h fpV~Bh dh vksj c<+k;k lk¡i dk iQu ihNs dh vksj
gqvkA /hjs&/hjs ys[kd us MaMs dks fpV~Bh dh vksj c<+k;kA T;ksa gh MaMk fpV~Bh osQ ikl ig¡qpk fd lk¡i us MaMs ij cM+h
rs”kh ls iQu ls çgkj fd;k ys[kd osQ gkFk ls MaMk NwV x;kA ys[kd us ns[kk MaMs ij iho tSlk rjy dbZ LFkku ij yxk
FkkA lk¡i us MaMs ij viuk fo"k&:ih çek.k i=k vafdr dj fn;kA ys[kd mldh bl ;ksX;rk ls igys ls gh ifjfpr FkkA
mRrj 6- bl ikB osQ vk/kj ij vusd cky&lqyHk 'kjkjrksa osQ fo"k; esa Kkr gksrk gS tks osQoy 'kjkjrh ckyd gh djrs gSaA ,slh
'kjkjrsa cM+s yksx ugha djrsA os 'kjkjrsa bl çdkj gaSµoqQ,¡ esa fLFkr lk¡i dks ijs'kku djus vkSj mldh iqQldj lquus osQ fy,
çfrfnu lqcg&'kke oqQ,¡ esa <syk isaQduk] çk.k?kkrd thoksa ls ”kcjnLrh NsM+NkM+ djuk] vuko';d [krjs mBkuk] fdlh dks
ijs'kku djus osQ fy, ubZ&ubZ ;qfDr;k¡ <w¡<+uk vkSj mUgsa fozQ;kfUor djuk vkfnA
mRrj 7-  s[kd osQ gkFk ls fpV~fB;ksa osQ oqQ,¡ esa fxj tkus osQ ckn ;g tkurs gq, fd oqQ,¡ esa ,d Hk;adj lk¡i gSa] dbZ /ksfr;ksa dks
y
tksM+dj oqQ,¡ esa mrjus dk fu.kZ; cgqr tksf[ke Hkjk FkkA oqQ,¡ osQ /jkry ij bruh txg ugha Fkh fd og mls MaMs ls ekj
ldrk fiQj Hkh oqQ,¡ esa mrjdj ;qfDriwoZd fpV~fB;ksa dks fudky ysuk cgqr lkgfld dne FkkA lk¡i dk è;ku c¡Vkus osQ
fy, ys[kd us lk¡i ij feV~Vh fxjkbZ] fpV~fB;k¡ f[kldkus osQ fy, MaMs dk ç;ksx fd;k] lk¡i dks mlosQ vklu ls gVk;k]
mlosQ geys ykBh ij djok;k vkfn cgqr lkgfld dne FkkA
mRrj 8-  Hkh&dHkh euq"; Hkfo"; osQ ckjs esa vuqeku ij vk/kfjr Hkfo"; dh ;kstuk,¡ cukrk gS] ijarq os bruh feF;k vkSj myVh
d
fudyrh gSa fd euq"; dh vk'kkvksa ij ikuh fiQj tkrk gSA tc og muij vey djus yx tkrk gS rks Kkr gksrk gS fd mudk
vuqeku fdruk xyr FkkA mldh lksp osQ vuqlkj mldk Hkfo"; oSlk ugha gSAa mldh lkjh ;kstuk,¡ O;FkZ gks tkrh gSAa

41
mRrj 9- ikB osQ lanHkZ esa mi;qZDr iafDr dk vk'k; gS fd deZ djuk rks euq"; osQ v/hu gS ijarq mldk iQy çkIr djuk euq";
osQ v/hu ugha gSA og vius dk;Z esa liQy Hkh vkSj vliQy Hkh gks ldrk gS ;k deZ dk iQy vuqowQy Hkh gks ldrk
gS vkSj çfrowQy HkhA liQyrk&vliQyrk lc bZ'oj ij fuHkZj gSA ys[kd oqQ,¡ esa mrjus ij lk¡i osQ na'k ls ej Hkh ldrk
Fkk ijarq ,slk ugha gqvkA
mRrj 10- ; g ys[kd osQ fo"k; esa dgk x;k gS tc og oqQ,¡ esa mrjdj fpV~fB;k¡ ysdj Åij vkus dk ç;Ru djrk gSA mlosQ
(ckyd) gkFk T;ksa 15&20 iqQV rd gh osQoy gkFkksa osQ cy Åij tk ldrs Fks] 36 iqQV Åij p<+uk cgqr nq"dj FkkA ijarq
thou&e`R;q osQ chp la?k"kZ esa euq"; esa bruh 'kfDr vk tkrh gSA euq"; oqQN Hkh djosQ e`R;q ij fot; çkIr dj ysrk gSA
;fn Åij p<+rs le; ys[kd dk gkFk NwV tkrk rks mldh ekSr lqfuf'pr FkhA
ikBµ3
dYYkw oqQEgkj dh mukdksVh
ikB ij vk/kfjr egRoiw.kZ iz'u
y?kq mRRkjh; iz'u
mRrj 1-  s•d ^vkWu n jksM* Vhoh lhfj;y dh 'kwfVax osQ flyflys esa f=kiqjk jkT; x;k FkkA tc og mukdksVh esa 'kwfVax dj jgk
y
Fkk rHkh vpkud ckny f?kj vk,A tc rd fd ys•d viuk lkjk lkeku lesVrk rc rd ckny ”kksj&”kksj ls xjtus yxs
vkSj rkaMo 'kq: gks x;kA rhu lky ckn Bhd ;gh rkaMo vkSj xtZuk mlus fnYyh esa ns•k&lquk rks mls mukdksVh dh ;kn
vk xbZA bl çdkj èofu us ys•d dks nwljs le;&lanHkZ esa igq¡pk fn;kA
mRrj 2-  s•d lw;kZsn; osQ le; mBrk gS vkSj •qn gh pk; cukrk gSA mlosQ ckn og pk; vkSj gkFk esa v•ckj ysdj vylkbZ
y
lqcg dk vkuan ysrk gS tcfd oqQN yksx pkj cts mBrs gSa] ik¡p cts rd lqcg dh lSj osQ fy, rS;kj gksdj yksnh xkMZu
igq¡p tkrs gSa vkSj ese lkgcksa osQ lkFk yach lSj osQ fy, fudy tkrs gSaA
mRrj 3-  s•d tc xgjh uhan esa Fkk rc vpkud mlus rksi nxus vkSj ce iQVus tSlh dkuiQksM+ nsus okyh vkok”k lquhA gkyk¡fd
y
;g LoxZ esa pyus okyk nsorkvksa dk ,d •sy Fkk] ftldh >yd fctfy;ksa dh ped vkSj cknyksa dh xjt esa lquus dks
feyh vkSj ;g ys•d osQ uhan esa ck/k cuhA
mRrj 4- f=kiqjk dk ,d Hkkx ckaXykns'k ls f?kjk gqvk gS vkSj 'ks"k dk nqxZe tqM+ko Hkkjr osQ mÙkj&iwohZ lhek ls yxs fetksje vkSj
vle osQ lkFk gSA ;gk¡ ij ckaXykns'k osQ yksxksa dh tcjnLr vkoktkgh gSA vle vkSj if'pe caxky ls Hkh yksxksa dk çokl
;gk¡ gksrk jgrk gSA bl rjg fd vfu;af=kr Hkkjh vkod us tula[;k larqyu dks LFkkuh; vkfnokfl;ksa osQ f•ykI+kQ yk •M+k
fd;kA f=kiqjk jkT; esa vkfnokfl;ksa osQ vlarks"k dk eq[; dkj.k ;gh gSA
mRrj 5- LFkkuh; vkfnokfl;ksa dk dguk gS fd mukdksVh dh f'ko ewfrZ;ksa dk fuekZ.kdrkZ dYyw oqQEgkj gSA og Hkxoku f'ko vkSj
ekrk ikoZrh dk HkDr FkkA og muosQ lkFk oSQyk'k ioZr ij tkuk pkgrk FkkA ysfdu Hkxoku f'ko us 'krZ j•h fd og ,d
jkr esa ,d djksM+ f'ko ewfrZ;ksa dk fuekZ.k djsA dYyw bl dke esa tqV x;k ysfdu lqcg gksus rd ,d ewfrZ de fudyhA
bl otg ls f'ko us mls ogha NksM+ fn;kA blh ekU;rk osQ dkj.k dYyw oqQEgkj dk uke mukdksVh ls tqM+ x;kA
mRrj 6-  s•d us f=kiqjk dh ;k=kk fnlacj 1999 esa dhA og ^vku fn jksM* 'kh"kZd ls cuus okys Vhoh /kjkokfgd dh 'kwfVax osQ
y
flyflys esa f=kiqjk dh jkt/kuh vxjryk x;kA bl ;k=kk dk mís'; Fkk f=kiqjk dh iwjh ;k=kk djkus okys jktekxZ 44 ls
;k=kk djuk rFkk f=kiqjk dh fodkl laca/h xfrfof/;ksa dh tkudkjh nsukA
mRrj 7- ftykf/dkjh n~okjk çnku dh xbZ lqj{kk osQ lkFk ys•d viuh Vhe lfgr ukS cts rd mukdksVh igq¡p x;k] ysfdu ;g
LFkku •kl Å¡ps igkM+ksa ls f?kjk gS] blls ;gk¡ lw;Z dh jks'kuh nl cts rd gh igq¡p ikrh gSA jks'kuh osQ vHkko esa 'kwfVax
djuk laHko u Fkk] blfy, ys•d dks 'kwfVax osQ fy, bar”kkj djuk iM+kA
mRrj 8- f=kiqjk fLFkr mukdksVh nl g”kkj oxZ fdyksehVj ls oqQN ”;knk bykosQ esa iSQyk gqvk ,d /kfeZd LFky gSA ;g Hkkjr dk
lcls cM+k rks ugha] ij lcls cM+s 'kSo LFkyksa esa ,d gSA lalkj osQ bl fgLls esa LFkkuh; vkfnoklh /eZ iQyrs&iwQyrs jgs gSaA
nh?kZ mRrjh; ç'u
mRrj 1- f=kiqjk dh jkt/kuh vxjryk esa ys•d dh eqykdkr gsear oqQekj tekfr;k ls gqbZ] os dksdckjksd cksyh esa xkrs gSa vkSj
;gk¡ osQ çfln~/ yksdxk;d gSaA ys•d us muls ,d xhr lqukus dk vuqjks/ fd;kA ys•d osQ vuqjks/ dks Lohdkjrs gq,
mUgksaus /jrh ij cgrh ufn;ksa] rktxh vkSj 'kkafr dk xhr lquk;kA ftlls os vR;ar çHkkfor gq,A blosQ vfrfjDRk mUgksaus
eatq ½f"knkl ls nks xhr lqus] vkSj muosQ nks xhrksa dh 'kwfVax Hkh dhA
42
mRrj 2-  s•d osQ- foØe dks ,d /kjkokfgd dh 'kwfVax osQ fy, f=kiqjk tkuk iM+kA ;gk¡ ckgjh yksxksa dh vfu;af=kr vkod osQ
y
dkj.k LFkkuh; yksxksa esa xgjk vlarks"k gSA bldh otg ls ;g {ks=k fgalk dh pisV esa vk tkrk gSA bl fgalkxzLr Hkkx esa
yxHkx 83 fd-eh- dh yach ;k=kk esa ys•d dks lh-vkj-ih-,iQ- dh lqj{kk esa dkfI+kQys osQ :i esa pyuk iM+kA ekSr osQ Hk;
ls ys•d dh jh<+ esa ,d >qj>qjh&lh nkSM+ xbZ FkhA
blls i;ZVu mn~;e Hkkjh rkSj ij pjejk tkrk gSA lkFk gh vU; mn~;ksx /a/ksa dk fodkl Hkh ugha gks ikrk] ftldk lh/k
nq"çHkko jkT; dh vFkZO;oLFkk ij iM+rk gSA bu ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks jksdus osQ fy, ;k dkcw ikus osQ fy, ljdkj dks vlarq"V
yksxksa ls feydj ckrphr djuh pkfg,] mudh leL;kvksa dks è;kuiwoZd lquuk pkfg, rFkk muosQ fuokj.k gsrq dkjxj ç;kl
fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
mRrj 3- f=kiqjk jkT; esa fLFkr mukdksVh uked txg ij xaxkorj.k dh iwjh ikSjkf.kd dFkk dks iRFkjksa ij mosQjk x;k gSA ;gk¡ ,d
fo'kky pV~Vku ij HkkxhjFk dks riL;k djrs gq, fn•k;k x;k gS rks nwljh pV~Vku ij Hkxoku f'ko osQ psgjs dks cuk;k x;k
gS] tgk¡ mudh tVk,¡ nks igkM+ksa dh pksfV;ksa ij iSQyh gSaA bls lky Hkj cgus okyk ty çikr dgk tkrk gS ftls xaxk osQ
leku gh ifo=k ekuk tkrk gSA
,sls LFkyksa dh ;k=kk djus osQ nkSjku fuEufyf•r ckrksa dk è;ku j•uk pkfg,µ
• ogk¡ vkl&ikl fdlh Hkh rjg dh xanxh u iSQyk,¡A
• viuh vko';d oLrq,¡ Lo;a ys tk,¡ vkSj fcuk NksM+s ysdj okil vk,¡A
• isM+ksa] pV~Vkuksa ;k vU; çkÑfrd oLrqvksa ij viuk uke fy•dj ;k dksbZ çrhd fpg~u cukdj mldh lqanjrk dks
u"V u djsaA
• ,sls LFkkuksa dh ifo=krk dk fo'ks"k :i ls è;ku j•saA
mRrj 4- m ukdksVh dk vFkZ gSµ,d dksVh vFkkZr ,d djksM+ ls ,d deA ;g ,d ,slk LFkku gS tgk¡ Hkxoku f'ko dh ,d djksM+
ls ,d de ewfrZ;k¡ gSaA bu ewfrZ;ksa dk fuekZrk dYyw oqQEgkj FkkA Hkxoku f'ko dh bruh lkjh ewfrZ;ksa dk ,d gh LFkku ij
gksus osQ dkj.k ;g LFkku çfln~/ gSA
bl txg dh fuEufyf•r fo'ks"krk,¡ gSaµ
• , d fo'kky pV~Vku ij HkkxhjFk dks riL;k djrs fn•k;k gS rks nwljh pV~Vku ij f'ko osQ psgjs dks cuk;k x;k gS
vkSj mudh tVk,¡ nks igkM+ksa dh pksfV;ksa ij iSQyh gSaA
• ;gk¡ lkyHkj cgus okyk ty çikr gS ftldk ty xaxk ftruk gh ifo=k gSA
• xaxkorj.k dh laiw.kZ dFkk dks iRFkjksa ij mosQjk x;k gSA
mRrj 5- f=kiqjk Hkkjr osQ lcls NksVs jkT;ksa esa ls gSA pkSrhal çfr'kr ls ”;knk dh bldh tula[;k o`n~f/ nj Hkh •klh Å¡ph gSA
;gk¡ yxkrkj ckgjh yksxksa osQ vkus ls oqQN leL;k,¡ rks iSnk gqbZ gSa ysfdu ;g jkT; cgq/kfeZd lekt dk mnkgj.k Hkh
cuk gSA f=kiqjk osQ yksdxhr ikjaifjd dksdckjksd cksyh esa xk, tkrs gSa] tksfd f=kiqjk dh dchykbZ cksfy;ksa esa ls ,d gSA
bu yksdxhrksa dks xkus dk le; >we •srh] dksbZ mRlo ;k vuq"Bku gksrk gSA jkT; osQ vkfnoklh vkSj xSj&vkfnoklh yksxksa
dh yksd laLÑfr f=kiqjk dh lkaLÑfrd ijaijk dh jh<+ gSA vr% dg ldrs gSa fd tutkrh; jhfr&fjokt] yksddFkk,¡ o
yksdxhr ;gk¡ dh laLÑfr osQ egRoiw.kZ rRo gSaA
ikBµ4
esjk NksVk&lk futh iqLrdky;
ikB ij vk/kfjr egRoiw.kZ ç'u
y?kq mRrjh; ç'uksRrj
mRrj 1-  s•d us v/Ze`R;q dh gkyr esa ?kj osQ 'k;ud{k esa jgus dh txg ml dejs esa jgus dh f”kn dh tgk¡ mldh g”kkjksa
y
fdrkcsa j•h FkhaA MkWDVj us mls pyuk] cksyuk] i<+uk bR;kfn xfrfof/ osQ fy, euk fd;k Fkk] blfy, og vius bl
NksVs&ls futh iqLrdky; dks ns•rs jguk pkgrs FksA
mRrj 2- ys•d dks ^lR;kFkZ çdk'k* osQ •aMu&eaMu okys vè;k; le> esa ugha vkrs FksA ysfdu fiQj Hkh mls i<+us esa mUgsa dkI+kQh
e”kk vkrk FkkA

43
mRrj 3-  c ys•d chekj Fks rc mUgksaus vius futh iqLrdky; esa jgus osQ fy, f”kn fd;k ftlosQ ckn mUgsa ml dejs esa fyVk
t
fn;k x;kA ml dejs esa g”kkjksa iqLrosQa j•ha gqbZ FkhaA bl dejs esa ysVs&ysVs og ckbZa vksj dh f•M+dh osQ lkeus >qyrs lqikjh
osQ >kyjnkj iRRks ns•rs FksA bl n`'; ls u”kj gVrs gh og vius dejs esa BlkBl Hkjh iqLrdksa dks okfil ns•us yxrsA
mRrj 4-  s•d dks iqjLdkj Lo:i tks nks iqLrosaQ feyh Fkha] muesa ls ,d dk dF; Fkk nks NksVs cPpksa dk ?kksalyksa dh •kst esa
y
ckxksa vkSj oqaQtksa esa HkVduk vkSj blh cgkus if{k;ksa dh cksyh] tkfr;ksa vkSj vknrksa dks tkuuk rFkk nwljh iqLrd dk dF;
Fkk&ikuh osQ tgk”kksa ls tqM+h tkudkjh ,oa ukfodksa dh tkudkjh o 'kkoZQ&g~osy osQ ckjs esa Kku djkukA
mRrj 5-  s•d dks viuh i<+kbZ osQ fy, ,d laLFkk ls oqQN iSls fey tk;k djrs FksA og bu iSlksa ls vk/s nke esa lsdaM gSaM dh
y
iqLrosaQ •jhn fy;k djrk FkkA blosQ vykok og lgikfB;ksa dh iqLrosaQ ysdj i<+rk vkSj uksV~l cuk ysrk FkkA bl rjg og
viuh i<+kbZ dh O;oLFkk dj fy;k djrk FkkA fon~;kFkhZ thou esa lcls egRoiw.kZ dk;Z dM+h esgur] vè;;u djuk vkSj
Kku çkIr djuk gS D;ksafd og thou dk ,slk le; gksrk gS tks ekuo thou osQ cht cksrk gSA
nh?kZ mRrjh; ç'u
mRrj 1- ys•d dks jkspd dgkfu;ksa dks i<+uk csgn ilan Fkk rc muosQ firk us mUgsa vukj dk 'kjcr fiykrs gq, dgk fd ok;nk
djks fd ikB~;Øe dh iqLrosaQ Hkh brus è;ku ls i<+ksxs vkSj viuh ek¡ dh fpark dks nwj djksxsA firk ls opu osQ ckn ys•d
us th&rksM+ ifjJe fd;k blls rhljh vkSj pkSFkh d{kk esa vPNs vad vk, vkSj ik¡poha d{kk esa og vOoy ntZs ls ikl
gqvkA ;g ns• mldh ek¡ dks cgqr [kq'kh gqbZA bl rjg ys•d us vius firk ls fd;k gqvk ok;nk fuHkk;kA blls gesa lh•
feyrh gS fd gesa ges'kk eu yxkdj i<+kbZ djuh pkfg,] vius ekrk&firk dk ges'kk dguk ekuuk pkfg, vkSj nwljksa ls
fd, x, ok;nksa dks iwjh fu"Bk osQ lkFk iwjk djuk pkfg,A
mRrj 2-  s•d dh ek¡ dks fpark Fkh fd ;fn mudk iq=k d{kk dh fdrkcsa ugha i<+sxk rks oSQls mRRkh.kZ gksxk] D;ksafd mls vU; fdrkcksa
y
esa #fp Fkh] ijarq d{kk dh ikB~;iqLrdksa esa ughaA ys•d dks tc rhljs ntZs esa Hkjrh djk;k x;k rks mlus eu yxkdj
i<+uk çkjaHk fd;kA rhljh vkSj pkSFkh d{kk esa mls vPNs vad çkIr gq, vkSj ik¡poh esa çFke vk;kA bl rjg mldh ek¡
dh fpark nwj gks xbZA
mRrj 3- iqLroasQ euq"; dh lcls vPNh vkSj lPph fe=k gksrh gSaA ;g Kku dk HkaMkj gksrk gSA iqLrosaQ Kku dks ,d ih<+h ls nwljh
ih<+h rd ys tkus dk lk/u gSaA ;s gekjs lq•&nq• dh lkFkh curh gSA ikB esa ys•d Hkh vius vkf[kjh le; esa muosQ
lkFk vkSj muosQ chp jgus osQ fy, f”kn djrk gSA bl çdkj vkt osQ fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dks ikB ls fuEufyf•r çsj.kk,¡ ysuh
pkfg,µ
• iqLrdksa dks viuk lPpk fe=k ekuuk pkfg,A
• iqLrdksa osQ çfr çse ,oa yxko j•uk pkfg,A
• iqLrdksa dks dHkh Hkh fdlh Hkh rjg dk uqdlku ugha igq¡pkuk pkfg,A
• iqLrdksa dks iQkM+dj ;k tykdj u"V ugha djuk pkfg,A
• iqLrdksa dks i<+us dh vknr ,d vPNh vknr gS ftls lHkh fon~;kfFk;ksa dks vius vanj Mkyuh pkfg,A
• fdlh dherh oLrqvksa dh ctk; migkj esa iqLrdksa dk ysu&nsu O;ogkj esa ykuk pkfg,A
mRrj 4- ^Lokeh n;kuan dh ,d thouh* iqLrd ys•d dh fç; iqLrd FkhA ;g iqLrd cgqr gh euksjatd 'kSyh esa fy•h gqbZ Fkh]
vusd fp=kksa ls lTth gqbZA Lokeh n;kuan ml le; osQ fn•koksa vkSj <ksaxksa osQ fo#n~/ ,slk vn~Hkqr lkgl fn•kus okys
vuqie O;fDrRo Fks ftUgsa nck;k u tk ldrk FkkA fdruh gh vn~Hkqr ?kVuk,¡ Fkha muosQ thou dh tks ys•d dks cgqr
çHkkfor djrh FkhaA
mRrj 5- tc ys•d dk vkWijs'ku liQy gks x;k Fkk rc ejkBh osQ ,d cM+s dfo foank djanhdj ys•d ls feyus vk, FksA mUgksaus
ys•d ls dgk Fkk fd] ¶Hkkjrh] ;s lSdM+ksa egkiq#"k tks iqLrd&:i esa rqEgkjs pkjksa vksj mifLFkr gSa] bUgha osQ vk'khokZn ls
rqe cps gksA bUgksaus rqEgsa nksckjk thou fn;k gSA¸ ys•d us eu&gh&eu lHkh dks ç.kke fd;k&foank dks Hkh] bu egkiq#"kksa
dks HkhA ;gk¡ ys•d Hkh ekurk Fkk fd mlosQ n~okjk ,df=kr dh xbZ iqLrdksa esa mldh tku clrh gSA
mRrj 6- ys•d osQ ikl ^gfj Hkou* iqLrdky; dk lnL; cuus Hkj osQ fy, iSls u Fks] bl dkj.k og iqLrdky; ls iqLrosQa
b';w djkdj ?kj ugha yk ldrk FkkA ys•d us cgqr ls miU;kl i<+sA ys•d dks fganh osQ gh ekè;e ls lkjh nqfu;k osQ
44
dFkk&ik=kksa dks tkuuk cgqr vf/d vkd"kZd yxrk FkkA blfy, tSls gh ykbczsjh •qyrh Fkh og iqLrdky; igq¡p tkrk FkkA
fdarq iqLrdky; esa i<+rs gq, dksbZ dgkuh ;k iqLrd iwjh gks ;k u gks] ykbczsjh can gksus osQ le; mls mB tkuk gh iM+rk
Fkk] tcfd mldk eu ykbczsjh ls tkuk ugha pkgrk FkkA ,sls esa mls vfuPNkiwoZd mBuk iM+rk FkkA
fon~;kFkhZ osQ fy, iqLrdky; dk cgqr egRo gS D;ksafd iqLrdksa ls Kku&foKku] O;ogkj vkSj lnkpkj dk foLrkj gksrk gSA
fon~;kfFkZ;ksa osQ ckSn~f/d fodkl osQ fy, iqLrdky;ksa dk mPp ;ksxnku gSA vr% iqLrdky; dk fon~;kFkhZ thou esa çHkkodkjh
egRo gksrk gSA

45