CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

CHT 206 PARTICLE TECHNOLOGY CATEGORY L T P CREDIT

PCC 3 1 0 4

Preamble:

The importance of knowledge of the science of particulate materials (often called particle or
powder technology) to the process industries cannot be over-emphasized. Very often,
difficulties in the handling or processing powders are ignored or overlooked at the design
stage, with the result that powder-related problems are the cause of an inordinate number
of production stoppages. The topics included in the course are particle size analysis, storage
and transport, and separation, size reduction operation, equipments used for size reduction
and mixing. For each topic studied, the fundamental science involved is introduced and
linked, where possible, to industrial practice.

Prerequisite: NIL

Course Outcomes: After the completion of the course the student will be able to

CO 1 Evaluate the particle size distribution, mean particle diameter, specific

surface area and number of particles per unit mass using techniques such
as sieve analysis, pipette analysis and beaker decantation
CO 2 Identify the principles of free settling, hindered settling and mineral
beneficiation techniques
CO 3 Apply the concepts of filtration theory and select appropriate filtration
equipment
CO 4 Describe separation techniques for particulates in air
CO 5 Select suitable size reduction equipment and estimate the energy
requirements for a specified reduction in size for a given material.
CO 6 Demonstrate mixing and conveying processes in chemical industries

Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes

PO 1 PO 2 PO 3 PO 4 PO 5 PO 6 PO 7 PO 8 PO 9 PO PO PO
10 11 12
CO 1 3
CO 2 3
CO 3 3
CO 4 3
CO 5 3
CO 6 3
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Assessment Pattern

Bloom’s Category Continuous Assessment Tests End Semester Examination

1 2
Remember 10 10 10
Understand 20 20 20
Apply 20 20 70
Analyse
Evaluate
Create

Mark distribution

Total Marks CIE ESE ESE Duration

150 50 100 3 hours

Continuous Internal Evaluation Pattern:

Attendance : 10 marks
Continuous Assessment Test (2 numbers) : 25 marks
Assignment/Quiz/Course project : 15 marks

End Semester Examination Pattern: There will be two parts; Part A and Part B. Part A contain 10
questions with 2 questions from each module, having 3 marks for each question. Students should
answer all questions. Part B contains 2 questions from each module of which student should answer
any one. Each question can have maximum 2 sub-divisions and carry 14 marks.

Course Level Assessment Questions

Course Outcome 1 (CO1):

1. State the functionality of a finite state machine and the microprocessor.

2. List the microprocessors launched by various company.

3. Define the functionality of a microprocessor.

Course Outcome 2 (CO2)

1. State the functionality of Program counter in a microprocessor

2. List the registers present in x86 microprocessors.

3. Define the functionality of a stack and stack pointer

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Course Outcome 3(CO3):

1. Demonstrate the segment override instructions in x86

2. Give example for accessing content in the data segment

3. Describe the functionality of the branch instructions.

Course Outcome 4 (CO4):

1. Demonstrate the memory segmentation for x86 architecture.

2. Give example for generating physical address for accessing data segment.

3. Describe the functionality of the pipeline mechanism in X86

Course Outcome 5 (CO5):

1. Illustrate the accessing of data segment by various addressing mode.

2. Show the program for accessing a stack segment in x86

3. Demonstrate the operation of stack and stack pointer through push and pop Instructions.

Course Outcome 6 (CO6):

1. Illustrate that how to handle interrupts in x86 architecture

2. Show the program for accessing a maskable interrupt in x86

3. Demonstrate the operation of PPI -8252 with proper mapping diagram

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Model Question paper

QP CODE: PAGES:3

Reg No:______________ Name :______________

APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY FIRST SEMESTER

B.TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION, MONTH & YEAR

Course Code: CHT 206

Max. Marks: 100 Duration: 3 Hours

PARTICLE TECHNOLOGY

(2019-Scheme)

Part A

(Answer all questions, each question carries 3 marks)

1.How can the particle size distribution represented graphically? What are the advantages?

2.Which industrial screening equipment will you choose for handling sticky or clay like
material? Discuss working of the equipment.

3.A mixture of quartz and galena of size range from 0.025mm to 0.075mm is to be separated
into two pure fractions using hindered settling process. What minimum apparent density of
the fluid that will give this seperation? The density of galena is 7500 kg/m3 and the density of
quartz is 2650 kg/m3

4.Which mineral beneficiation technique is used in coal concentration on a wide range? With
diagram explain the process.

5.What is the difference in choke feeding and free crushing?

6.In a ball mill of 2500 mm diameter, 150 mm diameter steel balls are used for grinding. The

mill runs at 15 rpm. At what speed will the mill have to run if the 150 mm balls are replaced

by 50 mm balls, all other conditions remaining the same?

7.Which filtration equipment is widely used in the laundries and pharmaceutical

industries and can be made vapour tight for handling volatile materials? What are filtration
equations associated with this equipment?

8.Name any one continuous filter equipment with general equation for the same.
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9.List any three types of material handles in a screw conveyor

10.What are the factors for selection of a conveyor?

PART B

(Answer one full question from each module, each question carries 14 marks)

Module 1

11.a) Name and explain the working of the screen used for sizing the construction of gravel
and crushed stone?
b) A particulate material has a density of 1.3 g/cc and sphericity of 0.6. The size analysis is
as follows. Find the specific surface area and sauter diameter of the clay material

Average dia (cm) 0.0252 0.0178 0.0126 0.0089 0.00380

Mass fraction(g/g) 0.088 0.178 0.293 0.194 0.247

12.a) A sponge iron uses a vibrating screen of 5 mm aperture to separate oversize form the
undersize fines which are recycled to the furnace. The screen analysis of the furnace output is
found to contain 30% fines. The screen efficiency is 60%. Underflow from the screen
contains 90% fines. If the furnace rate is 100 tonnes/h find the product rate and amount of
fines present in it.

b) Explain any two methods of analysis of particles having size less than 40 microns?

Module 2

13a) What is the working of a rake classifier with figure?

b) Determine the cross sectional area of a continuous thickener to handle 100 tons/day of
solids from an initial concentration of 236 g/lit to a final underflow concentration of 500 g/lit.

VL(cm/hr) 2.08 2.40 4.375 7.86 11.6

CL(g/cm3) 0.462 0.443 0.386 0.303 0.266

14a) How the particle separation takes place by jigging?

b) Explain Kynch theory. Outline the procedure of a single batch sedimentation test to
design a continuous thickener
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Module 3

15a) What is the difference in choke feeding and free crushing?

b) In a ball mill of 2500 mm diameter, 150 mm diameter steel balls are used for grinding.
The mill runs at 15 rpm. At what speed will the mill have to run if the 150 mm balls are
replaced by 50 mm balls, all other conditions remaining the same?

16a) State and explain the different laws of size reduction with the importance of the work
index in the size reduction.

b) With a neat sketch explain the working of fluid energy mills.

Module 4

17a) A sludge filtered in a washing plate and frame filter press is of such nature that the
filtration equation is V2=Kt where V is the volume of filtrate obtained in time t, when
pressure is constant.30 m3 of filtrate is produced in 10 hours.3 m3 of wash water is forced
through the cake at the end of filtration. What is the length of the washing time?

b) What are steps of batch filtration cycle? Why batch filtration equipment’s are generally
operated at constant rate and then at constant pressure?

18a) Discuss the working of any pressure filter equipment.

b) Starting from the fundamentals, develop an expression to find filtration time required to
recover a given volume of filtrate under constant pressure conditions

Module 5

19a) For the preparation of soup powder a mixture of dry vegetables and starch in a
proportion of 30:70 is put to a batch mixer for blending. After 6 min the variance of the
sample compositions measured in terms of fractional composition was 0.06. How long the
mixing continue so as to reach specified maximum sample com position variance for a 50
particle sample 0.025? Assume the size of starch and dried vegetables to be almost equal.

b) What are the factors affecting the selection of a gas cleaning equipment?
20) a) What is the working of a venturi scrubber?
b) Write short note on (i) Banbury mixer and (ii) ribbon blender.
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Syllabus

Module 1

Particle diameter and shape factor - particle size analysis - sieve analysis - particle size
distribution - cumulative and differential methods of analysis - mean diameters - specific
surface area and number of particles - screening - effectiveness and capacity of screens and
factors affecting them - types of industrial screens-- sub-sieve analysis - pipette analysis -
beaker decantation- elutriation

Module 2

Principles of free and hindered settling - equal settling particles - types of classifiers-
mechanical and non-mechanical, pneumatic classifiers - principles of mineral
beneficationmethods - jigging - wilfley table - froth flotation, principles, additives, batch and
continuousthickening - Kynch theory - design of continuous thickener

Module 3

Laws of comminution - mechanism and efficiency of size reduction - principles of important

size reduction equipments - types and selection of equipment for all ranges - closed circuit
and open circuit grinding - free crushing and choke feeding - wet and dry grinding

Module 4

filtration - theory of constant pressure and constant rate filtration - cake porosity and
compressibility - filter aids - optimum filtration cycle - types of batch and continuous filters
(plate and frame, rotary, leaf filters-construction and working) -washing of filter cakes -
centrifugal filtration (Top suspended basket centrifuge, reciprocating conveyor continuous
centrifuge).

Module 5

Air separation methods - cyclone separation – electrostatic precipitation –Bag filters- venturi
scrubber -Cottrell precipitator-. mixing of granular solids and pastes – mixing performance
and effectiveness – mixers for noncohesive and cohesive solids - storage and conveying of
solids (numerical problems are not required) - silos, bins and hoppers - different types of
conveyors (Belt, chain, screw, pneumatic) - selection of conveyors.
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Text Books

1. McCabe W.L., Smith J.C. and Harriot P., Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering
McGraw Hill, New York 2001. 6th Edition
2. Anup K Swain, Hemlata Patra, G.K.Roy ,Mechanical Operations, Mc-Graw- Hill
Education

Reference Books

1. Coulson J. M. and Richardson J.F; Chemical Engineering Vol. 1& 2 Publishers: Butter
worth – Heinemann Ltd. 2001-2002.
3. Christie J. GeanKoplis, Transport processes & Unit Operation Prentice hall
international
4. Badger & Banchero, Introduction to Chemical Engineering, Mc-Graw- Hill Education

5. C.M.Narayan,B.C.Bhattacharyya,Mechanical Operations for Chemical Engineers,

Khanna publishers

Course Contents and Lecture Schedule

No Topic No. of Lectures
1 Module 1 ( 9 hr)

1.1 Particle diameter and shape factor. 1

1.2 particle size analysis - sieve analysis 1
particle size distribution - cumulative and differential methods of 1
analysis - mean diameters
1.3 types of industrial screens 2
1.4 specific surface area and number of particles 1
1.5 screening - effectiveness and capacity of screens and factors 2
affecting them
1.6 sub-sieve analysis - pipette analysis - beaker decantation- 1
elutriation
Module 2 (9)

2.1 Principles of free and hindered settling 1

2.2 equal settling particles 1
2.2 types of classifiers-mechanical and non-mechanical, pneumatic 2
classifier
2.3 principles of mineral beneficiation methods 1
2.4 jigging - Wilfley table - froth flotation, principles, additives, 2
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2.5 batch and continuous thickening - kynch theory - design of 2

continuous thickener
3 Module 3 ( 9 hr)

3.1 Laws of comminution 3

3.2 mechanism and efficiency of size reduction - principles of 2

important size reduction equipment’s
3.3 types and selection of equipment for all ranges 3

Closed and open circuit grinding ,free crushing and choke feeding 1
, wet and dry grinding
4 Module 4 ( 9 hr)

4.1 filtration - theory of constant pressure and constant rate filtration 4

4.2 cake porosity and compressibility - filter aids - optimum filtration 1

cycle -
4.3 types of batch and continuous filters (plate and frame, rotary, leaf 2
filters-construction and working)
4.4 washing of filter cakes - centrifugal filtration (Top suspended 2
basket centrifuge, reciprocating conveyor continuous centrifuge)

5 Module 5 ( 9 hr)

5.1 Air separation methods-cyclone separation ,bag filter 1

5.2 Venturi scrubber -Cottrell precipitator 1
5.3 mixing of granular solids and pastes – mixing performance and 2
effectiveness
5.4 mixers for noncohesive and cohesive solids 1
5.5 storage and conveying of solids(numerical problems are not 2
required) - silos, bins and hoppers
5.6 different types of conveyors (Belt, chain, screw, pneumatic) - 2
selection of conveyors.