Introduction To Occupational Health and Safety

Chapter 1:
Introduction To OSHA
 Define the concept of occupational safety and
health.
 Explain the history of occupational safety and
health.
 Explain the importance of safety in the workplace.
 Describe the major safety terminologies.
 Classify types of accident.
 Occupational safety
and health (OSH) is
a basic human right
for safety at
workplace
DON’T WATCH THIS IF YOU HAVE A WEAK
HEART!
 Accident prevention is an essential part of good
management and workmanship
 Management and workers must cooperate
 Top management must take the lead
 A define and known safety and health policy
 Organization and resources to achieve policy
 Best available knowledge and methods

 Until 1970, there were no national laws for safety
and health hazards
 Several tragedies had occurred
◦ The 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire in New York

City killed 146 of 500 employees
◦ Production for World War I caused a crisis in workplace
safety and health conditions.
◦ By the 1960’s, 14,000 workers died every year and more
than 2.2 million workers were not able to work from injuries
and illnesses
 The Era of Boiler Safety- Before 1914
◦ Around 1890’s Perak state government elected
a personnel expertise in steam boiler and was
given a license as boiler surveyor
 The era of machinery safety- 1914 to 1962
◦ On 1 January 1914, all the steam boiler enactments was
replaced with “Machinery Enactment”.
◦ The inspector inspects the steam boiler and any other
machinery such as internal combustion engine, water
turbine and any other auxiliary installation involved
 The era of industrial safety- 1953 to 1967
◦ All the machinery enactment used before 1953
was then replaced with Ordinal 1953.
◦ The role of an inspector has expanded from
only inspecting the steam boiler to the safety of
workers in factories that uses machinery.
 The era of industrial safety and health-
1970 to 1994
◦ Akta Kilang dan Jentera’ (Factories and
Machinery Act ) 1970 was approved by the
parliaments.
◦ To solve all the shortcoming of the Machine
Ordinal 1953, as the workers in a workplace
without machine previously are now being
protected under the new Acts.
 The era of occupational safety and health-
1994 onwards
◦ Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) was
enacted in 1994
◦ FMA 1967 emphasis on safety while OSHA 1994
emphasis on addressing health hazards in the workplace
 Employees can remain motivated if they feel safe
and happy
 Formation and implementation of safety programs
that are meant to teach the employees to handle

risks
 Violence at workplace
 Accident- An unplanned unexpected event
which may result in loss, injury or damage
 Code of Practice- A body of rules for Practical
Guidance only and not having the force of law
although failure to comply may be used in
evidence in legal proceedings.
 Ergonomics- The study of relationship between
workers and their occupation, equipment and
environment and particularly, the application of
anatomical, physiological and psychological
knowledge to the problems arising there from.
 Fire Precautions- The measures taken and the fire
protection features provided in a building (e.g. design,
systems, equipment and procedures) to minimize the risk to
the occupants from and outbreak of fire.
 Fire Prevention- The concept of preventing outbreaks of
fire, of reducing the risk of fire spreading and avoiding
danger to persons and property from fire.
 First Aid- The skilled application of accepted principles of
treatment on the occurrence of an accident or in the case of
sudden illness, using facilities or materials available at the
time.
 Hazard- The exposed danger, a condition or practice with
potential for loss. A situation that may give rise to personal
injury or asset damage or both.
 Manual Handling- Any means of transporting or
supporting a load manually. Lift, putting down, pushing,
pulling, carrying or moving by hand of bodily force.
 Means of Escape- Structural means whereby a safe
route is provided for persons to travel unaided from any
point in a building to a place of safety
 Near Miss- An incident, which does not show a visible
result, but had the potential to do so.
 Policy- A statement of corporate intent, which will be
adopted and pursued as advantageous or expedient.
 Qualified Worker- One who is accepted as having the
necessary physical attributes, who possesses the required
intelligence, training and education, and has acquired the
necessary skill and knowledge to carry out the work in hand
to satisfactory standards of safety, quantity and quality.
 Reasonably Practicable - A computation made in which
the quantum of risk is placed on one scale, and the
disadvantages involved in the measure necessary of
averting the risk is placed upon the other. A balance
between: risk and cost, inconvenience, effect on production.
 Risk Assessment- A process where hazards are
identified and risks evaluated, with the objective of
eliminating or reducing the risks as low as reasonably
practicable.
 Safety Audit- Monitoring of the implementation of a safety
policy by subjecting each area of an activity to a systematic
critical examination with the purpose of minimizing loss, and
providing a quantified assessment of performance
 Safety Inspection- Systematic assessment of
safety standards for plant, place of work,
working. Carried out by a manager and not a
safety adviser/engineer.
 Safety Monitoring- Periodic checks on
observance of corporate safety standards and
procedures.
 Workplace- The workplace may be described
as any place where people are at work
 Accident happens mostly
due by two major causes:
◦ Unsafe condition at the
workplace
◦ Unsafe act done by a
person or a group

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Chapter 1:

 Top management must take the lead

 A define and known safety and health policy

 Organization and resources to achieve policy

 Best available knowledge and methods

◦ The 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire in New York

that are meant to teach the employees to handle

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