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Operations On Complex Numbers

Operations on Complex Numbers pdf

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Andrei Louise C. Laurente
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37 views23 pages

Operations On Complex Numbers

Operations on Complex Numbers pdf

Uploaded by

Andrei Louise C. Laurente
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPLEX

NUMBERS
Complex Roots of Quadratic Equations
If b2 – 4ac < 0, the equation has no real solution.

However, in the complex number system,


the equation will always have solutions.

This is because negative numbers have


square roots in this expanded setting.
If we will solve the equation x2 = –4 , we get:

x =  −4.

However, this is impossible, since the square


of any real number is positive.
For example, (–2)2 = 4, a positive number.
Thus, negative numbers don’t have real
square roots.
Complex Number System

To make it possible to solve all quadratic


equations, mathematicians invented an expanded
number system—called the complex number
system.
Complex Number
First, they defined the new number

i = −1
This means i 2 = –1.

A complex number is then a number of the form


a + bi, where a and b are real numbers.
Complex Numbers
In the complex number system, every quadratic equation has
solutions.

The numbers 2i and –2i are solutions of x2 = – 4 because:

(2i)2 = 22i2 = 4(–1) = –4


and
(–2i)2 = (–2)2i2 = 4(–1) = –4
Quadratic Equations with
Complex Solutions
Solve each equation.

(a) x2 + 9 = 0

(b) x2 + 4x + 5 = 0
Complex Solutions
The equation x2 + 9 = 0 means x2 = –9.

So,

𝑥 = ± −9 = ± −1 ⋅ 9 = ±𝑖 9 = ±3𝑖
The solutions are therefore 3i and –3i.
OPERATIONS ON
COMPLEX NUMBERS
Complex Numbers (a + bi)

Natural (Counting) Numbers

Imaginary #’s
Complex Numbers are written in
the form a + bi, where a is the real
part and bi is the imaginary part.

a + bi
real part
imaginary part
ADDING &
SUBTRACTING
COMPLEX
NUMBERS
When adding complex numbers,
add the real parts together and
add the imaginary parts together.
imaginary part

(3 + 7i) + (8 + 11i)
real part

11 + 18i
When subtracting complex numbers,
be sure to distribute the subtraction
sign; then add like parts.

(5 + 10i) – (15 – 2i)


5 + 10i – 15 + 2i
–10 + 12i
i =1
4

i = −i
3
i

i = −1
2
Divide the exponent by 4
No remainder: answer is 1.
remainder of 1: answer is i.
remainder of 2: answer is –1.
remainder of 3:answer is –i.
Powers of i
1.) Find 𝑖23 = −i
2.) Find 𝑖2006 = −1
3.) Find 𝑖37 =i
4.) Find 𝑖828 =1
MULTIPLYING
& DIVIDING
COMPLEX
NUMBERS
When multiplying complex numbers,
use the distributive property and
simplify.
(3 – 8i)(5 + 7i)
15 + 21i – 40i – 56i 2

15 – 19i + 56 Remember,
i2 = –1

71 – 19i
REMEMBER: i² = -1
Multiply
1) 3i  4i = 12i = 12(−1) = −12
2

2) (7i )
2
= 7 i = 49(−1) = −49
2 2
You try…
3)
−7i  12i = −84i = −84(−1)
2

= 84
4) (− 11i ) = (− 11) (i ) = 121(−1)
2 2 2

= −121
Multiply
5) (4 + 3i )(7 + 2i )
= 28 +8i +21i +6i
2

= 28 + 29i + 6i 2

= 28 + 29i + 6(−1)
= 28 + 29i − 6
= 22 + 29i
You try…
6) (2 − i )(3 + 10i )
= 6 + 20i − 3i − 10i 2

= 6 + 17i − 10i 2

= 6 + 17i − 10(− 1)
= 6 + 17i + 10
= 16+ 17i
You try…
7)
(5 + 7i )(5 − 7i )
= 25−35i +35i −49i
2

= 25 − 49(−1)
= 25 + 49
= 74

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