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UNIVERSAL HUMAN VALUES AND PROFESSIONAL ETHICS (Unit-III)

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Universal Human Values and Professional Ethics (Unit-3)
Punet Kumar, Ass. Professor, Shri Gopichand College of Pharmacy

SHRI GOPICHAND COLLEGE OF

PHARMACY
Harchandpur, Baghpat, Uttar Pradesh- 250609 India.

UNIVERSAL HUMAN VALUES AND PROFESSIONAL

ETHICS
(Unit-III)
Subject Code (KVE401)

(B. Pharm IInd Year – IIIrd Semester)

Session 2022 – 23)

Prepared By
Puneet Kumar
Assistant Professor
Universal Human Values and Professional Ethics (Unit-3)
Punet Kumar, Ass. Professor, Shri Gopichand College of Pharmacy

UNIT-III SYLLABUS
Understanding Harmony in the Family and Society- Harmony in Human-Human
Relationship Understanding harmony in the Family- the basic unit of human interaction,
Understanding values in human-human relationship; meaning of Nyaya and program for
its fulfillment to ensure Ubhay-tripti; Trust (Vishwas) and Respect (Samman) as the
foundational values of relationship, Understanding the meaning of Vishwas; Difference
between intention and competence, Understanding the meaning of Samman, Difference
between respect and differentiation; the other salient values in relationship, Understanding
the harmony in the society (society being an extension of family): Samadhan, Samridhi,
Abhay, Sah-astitva as comprehensive Human Goals, Visualizing a universal harmonious
order in society Undivided Society (Akhand Samaj), Universal Order (Sarvabhaum
Vyawastha )- from family to world family.
Universal Human Values and Professional Ethics (Unit-3)
Punet Kumar, Ass. Professor, Shri Gopichand College of Pharmacy

UNDERSTANDING HARMONY IN THE FAMILY: THE BASIC UNIT OF HUMAN

INTERACTION
Harmony in the family and society refers to peaceful coexistence and individual cooperation.
In human-human relationships, harmony is achieved through mutual respect, trust, and
understanding. This involves recognizing and valuing differences, effective communication,
and resolving conflicts positively and constructively. Promoting harmony in our relationships
can create a supportive and fulfilling environment where everyone feels valued and heard.

The basic unit of human interaction is considered to be a two-person relationship. It refers to

the smallest social unit in which two individuals interact with each other, shaping and being
shaped by their interactions. This interaction can be in the form of communication,
cooperation, or conflict, and it forms the foundation for larger social structures like families,
communities, and societies. The quality of these two-person relationships often affects
individuals' overall well-being and happiness within a society.

Harmony in the family is important for several reasons:

1. Provides a stable and secure environment: A harmonious family environment gives its
members a sense of security, comfort, and stability.

2. Promotes mental and emotional well-being: A supportive and loving family environment
can help improve its members' mental and emotional well-being, reducing stress and
promoting happiness.

3. Facilitates communication and understanding: When there is harmony in the family,

members are more likely to communicate effectively, leading to better understanding and
reduced conflicts.

4. Encourages healthy relationships: A harmonious family environment can help foster

healthy relationships among its members, promoting love, respect, and trust.

5. Supports personal growth and development: A supportive family environment can provide
the support needed for personal growth and development, helping individuals reach their full
potential.

Human Interaction
Universal Human Values and Professional Ethics (Unit-3)
Punet Kumar, Ass. Professor, Shri Gopichand College of Pharmacy
Human interaction theory refers to a body of research and theory that examines how
individuals interact with each other and the impact that these interactions have on behavior
and emotions. The theory draws on multiple disciplines, including sociology, psychology,
anthropology, and communication, to understand human interaction's complex and dynamic
nature.

Here are some key concepts within human interaction theory:

1. Social exchange theory: This theory suggests that exchanging rewards and costs between
individuals drives human interactions. Interactions are seen as exchanging resources, such as
time, attention, or information, to maximize rewards and minimize costs.
2. Social learning theory: This theory posits that individuals learn through observing and
imitating the behavior of others. Interactions with others can serve as opportunities for social
learning and developing new behavior.
3. Social comparison theory: This theory suggests that individuals evaluate themselves
and their abilities about others. Interactions with others can provide opportunities for social
comparison, leading to feelings of self-esteem and self-worth.
4. Social identity theory: This theory focuses on the role of social groups and social
categories in shaping individuals' behavior and attitudes. Interactions with others can help
shape and reinforce individuals' sense of self and belonging to a particular group.
5. Social influence theory: This theory focuses on how others influence individuals in their
interactions. Interactions with others can shape and change beliefs, attitudes, and behavior
through processes such as persuasion, conformity, or obedience.
These are some of the key concepts within human interaction theory, which highlight the
importance of social relationships and social interactions in shaping human behavior and
emotions.
Benefits of human interaction:
1. Promotes social and emotional well-being: Interacting with others can help improve our
mood, reduce stress, and promote overall emotional well-being.
2. Facilitates learning and personal growth: Interacting with others can provide new
perspectives, experiences, and knowledge that can help us grow and develop as
individuals.
3. Strengthens relationships: Interacting with others can help build and strengthen
relationships, fostering feelings of love, trust, and connectedness.
4. Improves communication skills: Regular interaction with others can help us improve
Universal Human Values and Professional Ethics (Unit-3)
Punet Kumar, Ass. Professor, Shri Gopichand College of Pharmacy
our communication skills and better understanding of the perspectives of others.
5. Increases cultural understanding: Interacting with individuals from diverse backgrounds
can broaden our understanding of different cultures, helping to promote empathy and reduce
prejudice.
Disadvantages of human interaction:
1. Can lead to conflicts: Interactions with others can sometimes lead to disputes and
disagreements.
2. Can be stressful: Interacting with others, especially in large groups or tense situations, can
be stressful and overwhelming.
3. Can lead to disappointment: Interacting with others can lead to disappointment if our
expectations are unmet or we experience rejection.
4. Can be time-consuming: Interacting with others can take up a significant amount of time,
leaving less time for other activities or responsibilities.
5. Can be draining: Interacting with others, especially with individuals who are emotionally
demanding or draining, can be mentally and emotionally exhausting.

MEANING OF NYAYA AND PROGRAM FOR ITS FULFILLMENT TO ENSURE

UBHAYTRIPTI
"Nyaya" is a Sanskrit term that refers to the principles of logic, reason, and evidence
in Hindu philosophy. It is considered one of the six Hindu philosophical schools concerned
with establishing the truth about the world and our place in it.
Nyaya is based on several key principles and concepts, including the use of reasoning, the
examination of evidence, and the establishment of clear definitions. It ensures that arguments
are sound and well-reasoned and that evidence is examined and analyzed objectively.
In Hindu philosophy, Nyaya is an essential means of achieving "ubhayatripti," which
refers to fulfilling both material and spiritual aspirations. Ubhayatripti encompasses the idea
that individuals should strive for happiness and well-being in both the material and spiritual
realms. Pursuing truth through Nyaya is an important aspect of this process.
To ensure the fulfillment of Nyaya and the achievement of ubhayatripti, individuals can
engage in a number of practices and programs, including:
1. Study and Practice of Logic and Reason: To develop the skills necessary to practice
Nyaya, individuals should study and practice the principles of logic and reason. This
may involve reading and discussing classical works, engaging in critical thinking
exercises, and practicing debate and argumentation skills.
Universal Human Values and Professional Ethics (Unit-3)
Punet Kumar, Ass. Professor, Shri Gopichand College of Pharmacy
2. Examination of Evidence: To ensure that arguments are well-reasoned and
grounded, individuals should examine and analyze the evidence supporting their
positions. This may involve researching, conducting experiments, and evaluating data
and information.
3. Clear Communication: Individuals should strive to develop clear and practical
communication skills to ensure that arguments and evidence are communicated and
understood. This may involve practicing active listening, explicit language, and
avoiding misunderstandings and confusion.
4. Cultivation of Wisdom: Nyaya requires individuals to deeply understand the world
and the
1. nature of things. To achieve this understanding, individuals should engage in practices
that cultivate wisdom, such as studying philosophy, engaging in spiritual traditions,
and cultivating a deep curiosity and openness to new ideas.
5. Integration of Material and Spiritual Aspirations: To achieve ubhayatripti,
individuals should strive to integrate their material and spiritual aspirations. This may
involve balancing the pursuit of material wealth and success with spiritual practices
like meditation and self-reflection and incorporating spiritual principles into daily life.
6. Service to Others: In Hindu philosophy, serving others is essential to achieving
ubhayatripti. Individuals can engage in acts of service to their communities, such as
volunteering, donating time and resources, and supporting charitable organizations.
Nyaya is a central concept in Hindu philosophy that refers to the principles of logic, reason,
and evidence. By engaging in practices and programs to fulfill Nyaya, individuals can
achieve ubhayatripti, which encompasses the idea of fulfilling both material and spiritual
aspirations. By integrating these practices into daily life, individuals can develop a deep
understanding of the world and their place in it and achieve a balanced and fulfilling life.

Program for fulfillment to ensure Ubhaytripti

To ensure the fulfillment of ubhayatripti, or the achievement of both material and spiritual
well-being, individuals can engage in a number of practices and programs, including:
 Mindfulness and Meditation: Engaging in mindfulness and meditation practices can
help individuals cultivate inner peace and balance and enhance their spiritual well-
being.
Universal Human Values and Professional Ethics (Unit-3)
Punet Kumar, Ass. Professor, Shri Gopichand College of Pharmacy
 Service to Others: Engaging in acts of service to others, such as volunteering or
supporting charitable organizations, can help individuals fulfill their spiritual
aspirations by contributing to the well-being of others.
 Personal Growth and Development: Engaging in activities that support personal
growth and development, such as education, self-reflection, and therapy, can help
individuals achieve their material and spiritual aspirations by increasing their
knowledge, skills, and self-awareness.
 Building Strong Relationships: Building strong and supportive relationships with
family, friends, and community members can enhance material and spiritual well-
being by providing a sense of belonging and connection.
 Healthy Habits: Developing and maintaining healthy habits, such as exercise and
healthy eating, contributes to physical and mental well-being, which is essential for
achieving ubhayatripti.
 Integration of Work and Spirituality: Integrating spiritual principles and practices
into daily life, including work and career, can help individuals find meaning and
purpose and achieve balance and fulfillment.
 Community Involvement: Engaging in community activities and events can help
individuals build connections with others and contribute to the well-being of their
community, which can enhance both material and spiritual well-being.

TRUST (VISHWAS) AND RESPECT (SAMMAN) AS THE FOUNDATIONAL

VALUES OF RELATIONSHIP
Trust and Respect are two of the most fundamental values that form the foundation of
healthy relationships, whether they are personal or professional. In this essay, we will explore
the meaning of these values, how they contribute to the well-being of individuals and
relationships, and how to cultivate these values in personal and professional contexts.
Trust is a belief in the reliability, truth, ability, or strength of someone or something.
In relationships, trust is the foundation for individuals to feel confident and secure in their
interactions. When trust is present in a relationship, individuals can be vulnerable, share
personal information, and rely on each other. On the other hand, when trust is absent,
individuals tend to be guarded, and relationships can become strained, filled with
misunderstandings, and lack a sense of connection.
On the other hand, respect is a feeling of admiration and reverence for someone or
something. In relationships, respect involves valuing the thoughts, opinions, and feelings of
Universal Human Values and Professional Ethics (Unit-3)
Punet Kumar, Ass. Professor, Shri Gopichand College of Pharmacy
others and treating them with dignity and kindness. When respect is present in a relationship,
individuals feel valued and appreciated, which fosters a positive and supportive environment.
In contrast, when respect is absent, individuals can feel unheard, disrespected, and dismissed,
leading to conflicts and breakdowns in the relationship.
A relationship's combination of trust and respect creates an environment of safety and
support where individuals can be authentic and freely express themselves without fear of
judgment or rejection. This relationship gives individuals a sense of connection and
belonging and allows them to grow and develop.
To cultivate trust and respect in personal relationships, it is essential to consistently
communicate with each other, listen actively, and make an effort to understand the
perspectives and needs of others. Additionally, practicing honesty, transparency, and
accountability is essential, as these behaviors demonstrate a commitment to the relationship
and build trust over time.
One of the interpersonal communication theories, the Social Penetration Theory,
posits that trust and respect are essential for building deep and meaningful relationships. The
theory suggests that as relationships develop, individuals gradually reveal more personal and
intimate information to each other, which requires a high degree of trust and respect. When
individuals feel safe and valued in their relationships, they are more likely to open up and
build deeper connections with each other.
Attachment theories also emphasize the importance of trust and respect in shaping the
nature of relationships. The Secure Attachment theory posits that when individuals have a
secure attachment style characterized by feelings of trust and respect in their relationships,
they are more likely to have positive and fulfilling relationships. On the other hand,
individuals with an insecure attachment style, characterized by a lack of trust and respect, are
more likely to have negative and unsatisfying relationships.
Social Exchange theories, such as the Social Exchange Theory and the Social
Exchange Theory of Relationships, posit that relationships are based on a series of exchanges
between individuals in which each person contributes resources to the relationship and
receives rewards in return. These theories suggest that trust and respect play a crucial role in
shaping the nature of these exchanges, as individuals are more likely to engage in exchanges
with others they trust and respect. In professional relationships, trust and respect are equally
important. A workplace where trust and respect are present fosters a positive and productive
environment where employees feel valued and motivated to perform at their best. To cultivate
trust and respect in the workplace, fostering a culture of openness, transparency, and
Universal Human Values and Professional Ethics (Unit-3)
Punet Kumar, Ass. Professor, Shri Gopichand College of Pharmacy
inclusiveness and creating opportunities for employees to connect personally is important.
Additionally, it is essential to provide regular employee feedback opportunities and listen to
and act upon employees' suggestions and concerns.

UNDERSTANDING THE MEANING OF VISHWAS

Vishwas, also spelled "Vishvaas", is a Sanskrit word commonly translated as "trust" or
"faith". It refers to a belief or confidence in the reliability, truth, or ability of someone or
something. In a broader sense, Vishwas encompasses a sense of security, reliability, and
certainty that allows individuals to have faith in the world around them.
Vishwas plays a crucial role in shaping the nature and quality of personal and
professional relationships. When individuals trust each other, they are able to build deeper
and more meaningful connections, share personal and intimate information, and collaborate
more productively and effectively. On the other hand, a lack of trust can lead to strained and
superficial relationships, misunderstandings, and conflicts.
Vishwas is also an essential component of personal well-being and mental health.
When individuals trust themselves, they are more likely to have a positive self-image, feel
confident and secure, and engage in positive and fulfilling activities. Similarly, when
individuals have trust in the world around them, they are more likely to feel safe and secure
and less likely to experience anxiety, stress, and depression.
To cultivate Vishwas in relationships, it is essential to consistently communicate with
each other, listen actively, and make an effort to understand the perspectives and needs of
others. Additionally, practicing honesty, transparency, and accountability is important, as
these behaviors demonstrate a commitment to the relationship and build trust over time.
In professional relationships, Vishwas is equally important. A workplace where trust
is present fosters a positive and productive environment where employees feel valued and
motivated to perform at their best. To cultivate Vishwas in the workplace, fostering a culture
of openness, transparency, and inclusiveness and creating opportunities for employees to
connect on a personal level is essential. Additionally, it is essential to provide regular
employee feedback opportunities and listen to and act upon employees’ suggestions and
concerns.

Theory of Vishwas
The theory of Vishwas, also referred to as the "Theory of Trust," is a concept that explores the
role of trust in shaping relationships and outcomes. According to the theory, trust is a key
Universal Human Values and Professional Ethics (Unit-3)
Punet Kumar, Ass. Professor, Shri Gopichand College of Pharmacy
determinant of the success and effectiveness of relationships and personal and professional
outcomes.
The theory posits that trust is a dynamic and complex construct that develops over time,
through a series of positive interactions and experiences. When individuals trust each other,
they are more likely to engage in positive and constructive behavior, such as sharing
information, collaborating effectively, and supporting each other.
On the other hand, when trust is lacking in a relationship, individuals are more likely to
engage in defensive and destructive behavior, such as withholding information, sabotaging
collaboration, and engaging in harmful competition. To cultivate trust in a relationship, the
theory suggests that it is essential to consistently communicate with each other, listen
actively, and make an effort to understand the perspectives and needs of others. Vishwas's
theory also recognizes that trust is a multi-dimensional construct that can be influenced by
various factors, including personal values, beliefs, and experiences, as well as contextual
factors, such as the norms and values of the environment.
In conclusion, Vishwas is a crucial value that plays a significant role in shaping the
nature and quality of relationships, personal well-being, and mental health. By consistently
practicing honesty, transparency, and accountability and creating an environment that fosters
trust and security, individuals can cultivate Vishwas in their relationships, promote positive
and fulfilling outcomes, and enhance their overall well-being.

Difference between Intention and Competence

Intention and competence are two distinct but related concepts crucial in shaping
personal and professional outcomes. Intention refers to an individual's purpose, motivation,
or aim, while competence refers to an individual's ability or skill to carry out that intention
effectively.
Intention is an important factor in shaping personal and professional outcomes, as it
provides a sense of direction and purpose and helps individuals focus their efforts and
resources. Intention can take many forms, from personal goals, such as improving one's
health or relationships, to professional goals, such as advancing in one's career or starting a
business.
Conversely, competence refers to the skills, knowledge, and abilities required to
achieve one’s intentions effectively. Competence encompasses a wide range of personal and
professional skills, such as technical, communication, leadership, and interpersonal skills.
Universal Human Values and Professional Ethics (Unit-3)
Punet Kumar, Ass. Professor, Shri Gopichand College of Pharmacy
The relationship between intention and competence is complex and dynamic. To achieve
one's intentions, individuals must possess the necessary competence, but at the same time,
developing competence often requires individuals to set and pursue intentional goals. For
example, to become a successful professional in a particular field, individuals must first
intend to pursue that career and then develop the necessary skills, knowledge, and abilities
through education and training.
Intention and competence are two important and interrelated factors that shape personal and
professional outcomes. While intention provides a sense of direction and purpose,
competence is essential for effectively achieving one's goals. By setting intentional goals and
developing the necessary competence, individuals can promote positive and fulfilling
outcomes in their personal and professional lives.
The key difference between them is:
 Intention refers to an individual's purpose, motivation, or aim, while competence
refers to an individual's ability or skill to carry out that intention effectively.
 Intention provides a sense of direction and purpose and helps individuals focus their
efforts and resources. Competence encompasses the skills, knowledge, and abilities
required to achieve one's intentions.
 The relationship between intention and competence is complex and dynamic, with
competence being essential for achieving one's goals and developing competence
often requiring individuals to set intentional goals.
Process of intention and competence
The process of intention and competence can be understood as a feedback loop, where
intention drives the development of competence, which supports the achievement of
intentional goals.
The process can be broken down into several steps:
 Setting intentions: The first step is to set clear and meaningful intentions. This can
involve setting personal or professional goals, outlining a plan of action, and
identifying the necessary resources and support.
 Assessing competence: The next step is to assess one's current level of competence
about one's intentions. This can involve identifying areas of strength and weakness
and determining the skills, knowledge, and abilities required to achieve one's goals.
 Developing competence: Once an individual has assessed their level of competence,
they can take steps
Universal Human Values and Professional Ethics (Unit-3)
Punet Kumar, Ass. Professor, Shri Gopichand College of Pharmacy
 to develop the necessary skills, knowledge, and abilities. This can involve seeking
education and training, feedback and mentorship, and practicing new skills and
behaviors.
 Re-assessing competence: As individuals develop their competence, it is essential to
regularly re-assess their skills and abilities and make any necessary adjustments to
their goals and plans.
 Achieving intentional goals: As competence develops, individuals are better
equipped to achieve their goals and experience the positive outcomes of pursuing
meaningful intentions.

UNDERSTANDING THE MEANING OF SAMMAN

Samman is a Hindi word that can be translated to mean "respect" or "dignity" in
English. It refers to recognizing an individual's inherent worth, value, and rights and treating
that individual with dignity, honor, and consideration.
Cultivating Samman involves developing an awareness and appreciation of the
inherent worth and value of others and treating others with kindness, compassion, and
fairness. This can involve actively listening to others, valuing their opinions and perspectives,
and treating them with dignity and respect in all interactions.
Several theories exist to explain the nature and importance of Samman in personal
and professional relationships. One such theory is social exchange theory, which posits that
individuals form and maintain relationships based on a perceived balance of rewards and
costs. According to this theory, treating others with Samman contributes to a positive balance
of rewards, strengthening the relationship and promoting mutual satisfaction and fulfillment.
Another theory is the self-determination theory, which posits that individuals have an
inherent need for autonomy, competence, and relatedness, and that satisfying these needs is
essential for well-being and fulfillment. According to this theory, treating others with
Samman and recognizing their inherent worth and value contributes to their sense of
relatedness and promotes positive outcomes for both parties.
Samman refers to the recognition of an individual's inherent worth and value, and the
treatment of that individual with dignity, honor, and consideration. Cultivating Samman
involves developing an awareness and appreciation of the inherent worth of others and
treating others with kindness, compassion, and fairness. Theories such as social exchange
theory and self-determination theory highlight the importance of Samman in promoting
positive outcomes in personal and professional relationships.
Universal Human Values and Professional Ethics (Unit-3)
Punet Kumar, Ass. Professor, Shri Gopichand College of Pharmacy
Advantages of Samman:
1. Improved relationships: Treating others with Samman promotes trust,
understanding, and mutual respect, contributing to stronger and more fulfilling
personal and professional relationships.
2. Increased well-being: Recognizing and treating others with Samman contributes to a
sense of purpose, belonging, and fulfillment and can positively impact physical and
mental well-being.
3. Enhanced reputation: Cultivating a reputation for treating others with Samman can
increase one's social capital and promote positive outcomes in both personal and
professional contexts.
4. Improved communication: Treating others with Samman fosters open and honest
communication, reducing misunderstandings and conflicts and promoting positive
outcomes.
5. Promotes equality and justice: Samman promotes the recognition of the inherent
worth and dignity of all individuals, regardless of differences, and contributes to a
fairer and more just society.
Disadvantages of Samman:
1. Difficult to cultivate: Cultivating Samman can be challenging, especially in
situations where cultural or
1. personal differences create tensions or conflicts.
2. Requires effort: Treating others with Samman requires ongoing effort and
commitment and can be time-consuming and emotionally taxing.
3. Not universally accepted: Samman is not universally accepted, and individuals and
cultures may have differing views on what constitutes respectful and dignified
treatment.
4. Can lead to cultural conflicts: Treating others with Samman may conflict with
cultural norms and values, leading to tensions or conflicts.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RESPECT AND DIFFERENTIATION; THE OTHER

SALIENT VALUES IN RELATIONSHIP
Respect and differentiation are two concepts often used interchangeably but have
distinct implications and meanings.
Respect refers to recognizing an individual's inherent worth, value, and rights and
treating that individual with dignity, honor, and consideration. It involves valuing individuals
Universal Human Values and Professional Ethics (Unit-3)
Punet Kumar, Ass. Professor, Shri Gopichand College of Pharmacy
for who they are, regardless of their background, beliefs, or characteristics, and treating them
with dignity and respect in all interactions. Respect is essential to healthy relationships,
promoting trust, understanding, and mutual fulfillment.
Differentiation, on the other hand, refers to distinguishing or separating one thing
from another. In the context of human relationships, differentiation refers to the process of
establishing and maintaining a sense of self while also respecting and valuing the
individuality and distinctiveness of others. This involves recognizing and respecting the
differences between oneself and others while promoting mutual understanding and empathy.
The key difference between respect and differentiation is that respect is focused on an
individual's inherent worth and value. In contrast, differentiation focuses on recognizing and
understanding differences between individuals. While differentiation can contribute to
respectful relationships, it is not the same as respect, which involves treating others with
dignity and honor, regardless of their differences.
Respect is essential to healthy relationships, promoting trust, understanding, and
mutual fulfillment, and is considered a fundamental human right. Conversely, differentiation
can help promote healthy relationships by promoting a deeper understanding of and
appreciation for individual differences.
While respect and differentiation are related concepts, they are distinct and have
different implications and meanings. Respect refers to recognizing an individual's inherent
worth, value, and rights and treating that individual with dignity, honor, and consideration.
Differentiation refers to establishing and maintaining a sense of self while also respecting and
valuing the individuality and distinctiveness of others. Both concepts are essential
components of healthy relationships and play important roles in promoting trust,
understanding, and mutual fulfillment.
Respect and differentiation are two of the most salient values in relationships. They
are essential in promoting trust, understanding, and mutual fulfillment and help establish and
maintain healthy relationships.
Respect is essential in relationships, as it involves recognizing and valuing an
individual's worth, dignity, and rights. When treated with respect, individuals feel valued,
appreciated, and understood, contributing to a positive and fulfilling relationship. Respectful
relationships are characterized by open and honest communication, mutual trust, and a shared
sense of purpose. On the other hand, differentiation is a value that promotes recognizing and
appreciating differences between individuals. In relationships, differentiation involves
recognizing and respecting the individuality and distinctiveness of others while also
Universal Human Values and Professional Ethics (Unit-3)
Punet Kumar, Ass. Professor, Shri Gopichand College of Pharmacy
maintaining a sense of self. By valuing and embracing differences, individuals can form
deeper connections and understand one another more meaningfully, contributing to a more
fulfilling relationship. Both respect and differentiation are essential components of healthy
relationships, and both play important roles in promoting trust, understanding, and mutual
fulfillment. By valuing respect and differentiation, individuals can form and maintain healthy,
fulfilling, and meaningful relationships with others.

UNDERSTANDING THE HARMONY IN THE SOCIETY (SOCIETY BEING AN

EXTENSION OF FAMILY)
Harmony in society refers to cooperation and mutual understanding between
individuals and groups, characterized by a lack of conflict and a sense of unity and stability. It
involves balancing and coordinating diverse interests, values, and beliefs to create a cohesive
and functional community.
The promotion of harmony in society is considered necessary for several reasons. First, it
contributes to the stability and security of society, reducing the likelihood of conflict and
violence. Second, it fosters a sense of community, promoting a shared sense of purpose and
identity and contributing to the well-being of individuals. Third, it helps to promote equality
and justice, reducing discrimination and promoting fairness and equality of opportunity.
To achieve harmony in society, addressing the underlying causes of conflict and
division, such as inequality, discrimination, and misunderstandings is necessary. This can
involve promoting understanding and cooperation between groups, addressing systemic
inequalities and injustices, and promoting a shared sense of identity and purpose.
In addition, it is important to promote open and honest communication and dialogue,
so that individuals and groups can understand one another and work together towards a
common goal. This can involve creating opportunities for discussion and collaboration,
fostering mutual respect and understanding, and promoting transparency and accountability.
Another key component of promoting harmony in society is promoting a culture of tolerance
and respect for diversity. This involves recognizing and valuing individuals' and groups'
unique contributions and perspectives and promoting equality and justice for all.
Harmony in society is essential to a stable, secure, and prosperous community. To
achieve harmony, it is necessary to address the underlying causes of conflict and division,
promote open and honest communication, and foster a culture of tolerance and respect for
diversity. By promoting social harmony, individuals and communities can work together
towards a shared purpose and a more fulfilling and meaningful future.
Universal Human Values and Professional Ethics (Unit-3)
Punet Kumar, Ass. Professor, Shri Gopichand College of Pharmacy
Society being an extension of the family
The family is considered to be the building block of society, as it provides the basic structure
for social and emotional development and lays the foundation for an individual's relationships
with others. In this sense, society can be seen as an extension of the family, with larger social
structures and institutions providing a framework for developing relationships and
communities beyond the immediate family.
In traditional societies, the family is the primary source of support, protection, and
care for individuals and is the main source of socialization and identity formation. As
individuals grow and develop, they form relationships and interact with others in larger social
structures such as schools, religious communities, and work organizations.
In this sense, the values, norms, and beliefs developed and reinforced within the
family are carried forward into larger social structures, shaping an individual's relationships
with others and the larger community. For example, an individual's experiences within the
family can shape their views on trust, respect, and cooperation, influencing how they interact
with others in the wider community.
In addition, more prominent social structures, such as schools and work organizations,
can also play a role in reinforcing and shaping the values, norms, and beliefs developed
within the family. For example, a person's experiences in school can shape their views on
education, while their experiences in the workplace can shape their views on work and career.
It is also important to note that the relationship between the family and society is not a
one-way street. Society can also play a role in shaping and influencing the family. For
example, more prominent social structures can impact the family by affecting the resources
and opportunities available to individuals and families and by influencing the broader cultural
norms and values that shape family dynamics.
Society can be seen as an extension of the family, with larger social structures and
institutions providing a framework for developing relationships and communities beyond the
immediate family. The values, norms, and beliefs developed within the family can shape an
individual's relationships and interactions with others in larger social structures. In
comparison, more prominent social structures can also play a role in shaping and influencing
the family. By understanding the relationship between the family and society, it is possible to
gain a better understanding of the forces that shape individual and collective behavior, and to
work towards creating a more harmonious and fulfilling society.
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Punet Kumar, Ass. Professor, Shri Gopichand College of Pharmacy
Samadhan, Samridhi, Abhay, Sah-astitva as comprehensive Human Goals
Samadhan, Samridhi, Abhay, and Sah-astitva are often considered comprehensive human
goals that can lead to a more fulfilling and satisfying life. These concepts can be understood
as follows:
Samadhan:
This refers to finding a resolution or solution to a problem or challenge. Samadhan can be
seen as finding peace and harmony in life, whether through resolving personal or
interpersonal conflicts or finding solutions to larger social and economic issues.
The components of Samadhan, or resolution, can be understood as follows:
1. Identification of the problem: The first step in the Samadhan process is to accurately
identify the problem or challenge that needs to be addressed. This requires
understanding the situation and the root causes of the problem.
2. Analysis of options: Once the problem has been identified, the next step is to analyze
the various options for resolving it. This can involve brainstorming, evaluating
different solutions, and considering the pros and cons of each option.
3. Selection of the best solution: Based on the analysis of options, the next step is to
choose the best solution that will effectively resolve the problem. This decision should
be based on a thorough evaluation of the various options and the potential outcomes
of each.
4. Implementation of the solution: Once the best solution has been selected, the next
step is to implement it. This can involve taking action to resolve the problem and
making necessary changes to the situation.
5. Evaluation of the solution: After the solution has been implemented, it is important to
evaluate its effectiveness and make necessary adjustments. This can involve
monitoring the situation to ensure that the problem has been resolved and making any
necessary modifications to the solution as needed.
6. Maintenance of the solution: It is important to maintain the solution over time to
ensure that the problem does not reoccur. This can involve ongoing monitoring and
adjustment of the solution and making any necessary changes to the situation to
prevent the problem from recurring.
Samridhi:
This refers to the concept of prosperity and well-being. Samridhi encompasses both
financial and material prosperity, as well as emotional and spiritual well-being. In other
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Punet Kumar, Ass. Professor, Shri Gopichand College of Pharmacy
words, Samridhi refers to a sense of satisfaction and contentment with one's life and the
material resources and stability needed to support that contentment.
The components of Samridhi, or prosperity, can be understood as follows:
1. Setting goals: The first step in achieving Samridhi is to set clear, achievable goals.
This requires understanding what you want to achieve and what is important to you.
2. Developing a plan: Once you have set your goals, the next step is to develop a plan
to achieve them. This can involve breaking down your goals into smaller, more
manageable steps and determining the resources and support you need to reach them.
3. Taking action: Once you have a plan, the next step is to take action and start working
towards your goals. This can involve setting priorities, allocating time and resources,
and taking steps to move forward.
4. Measuring progress: It is important to regularly measure your progress and assess
whether you are on track to achieve your goals. This can involve setting benchmarks
and tracking your progress over time.
5. Making adjustments: If you are not progressing towards your goals, it may be
necessary to adjust your plan. This can involve modifying your approach, changing
your goals, or seeking additional resources or support.
6. Celebrating success: Finally, it is important to celebrate your successes along the
way and acknowledge your hard work and progress. This can help you to stay
motivated and continue to work towards your goals.
Abhay:
This refers to the concept of fearlessness or courage. Abhay encompasses the physical
courage to face challenges and dangers and the emotional courage to confront and overcome
personal fears and limitations. Abhay can be seen as the foundation for personal growth and
development, as it allows individuals to take risks, overcome challenges, and pursue their
goals and aspirations.
The components of Abhay, or fearlessness, can be understood as follows:
1. Understanding the sources of fear: The first step in achieving Abhay is understanding the
sources of fear in your life. This can involve identifying the things that cause you fear and
understanding why they trigger this response.
2. Developing awareness: Once you have identified the sources of your fears, the next step
is to develop greater awareness of your thoughts, feelings, and behavior. This can involve
paying attention to your inner experience, and learning to observe your thoughts and feelings
without judgment.
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3. Challenging negative beliefs: Our fears are often rooted in negative beliefs about
ourselves and the world around us. The next step is to challenge these beliefs and replace
them with more positive and empowering ones.
4. Facing your fears: Once you have challenged your negative beliefs, the next step is to
face your fears directly. This can involve taking small steps to expose yourself to the things
that cause you to feel afraid and learning to manage your fear healthily and constructively. 5.
Building resilience: As you face your fears, building resilience and developing the ability to
bounce back from difficult situations is essential. This can involve practicing self-care,
developing healthy coping skills, and seeking support from others when needed.
6. Embracing a growth mindset: It is important to adopt a growth mindset and embrace the
idea that you can learn and grow through your experiences, even if they are challenging. This
can help you approach difficult situations with curiosity and openness and see them as
opportunities for growth and personal development.
Sah-astitva:
This refers to the concept of self-existence or self-identity. Sah-astitva encompasses an
individual's sense of self-worth, purpose, and direction in life. By developing a strong sense
of Sah-astitva, individuals can find a sense of meaning and fulfillment in their lives and can
feel confident and empowered in their relationships and interactions with others.
The components of Sah-astitva, or self-existence, can be understood as follows:
1. Understanding self: The first component of Sah-astitva is understanding yourself. This
can involve exploring your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors and developing greater
awareness of your identity and values.
2. Cultivating self-awareness: The next component of Sah-astitva is cultivating self-
awareness and self-reflection. This can involve setting aside time each day to reflect on your
thoughts, feelings, and behavior, and to gain a deeper understanding of your motivations and
desires.
3. Developing self-esteem: Developing a strong sense of self-esteem is crucial to Sah-astitva.
This can involve challenging negative self-talk, focusing on your strengths and
accomplishments, and accepting and valuing yourself for who you are.
4. Building self-confidence: Building self-confidence is another important component of
Sah-astitva. This can involve taking small steps to face your fears and overcome challenges,
and learn to trust yourself and your abilities.
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Punet Kumar, Ass. Professor, Shri Gopichand College of Pharmacy
5. Establishing healthy boundaries: Establishing healthy boundaries is a key component of
Sah-astitva. This can involve setting clear limits on what is acceptable in your relationships
and interactions with others, and learning to say no when necessary.
6. Practicing self-care: Practicing self-care is a crucial component of Sah-astitva. This can
involve taking care of your physical, emotional, and mental health through healthy habits,
self-reflection, and engaging in activities that bring you joy and fulfillment.
These comprehensive human goals are interconnected and interdependent, each
building upon and reinforcing the others. For example, by finding Samadhan and resolution
in life, individuals can experience greater Samridhi and prosperity. Individuals can strengthen
their Sah-astitva and sense of self-identity by developing Abhay and facing personal
challenges. By striving for Samridhi and prosperity, individuals can cultivate a sense of
confidence and security that allows them to pursue their goals and aspirations with greater
Abhay.
Ultimately, these comprehensive human goals can provide a framework for
individuals to pursue a more fulfilling and satisfying life. By focusing on Samadhan,
Samridhi, Abhay, and Sah-astitva, individuals can work to create a sense of balance and
harmony in their lives, and can cultivate the qualities and values needed to build strong and
meaningful relationships with others.

Visualizing a universal harmonious order in society

Visualizing a universal harmonious order in society involves imagining a world where people
of all backgrounds and beliefs coexist in peace and prosperity without discrimination or
conflict. This harmonious order can be achieved through several means, including:
 Mutual respect: Respect for others, regardless of their background or beliefs, is
crucial in creating a harmonious society. This can involve valuing each person's
unique perspective and treating them with dignity and kindness.
 Open-mindedness: Open-mindedness is essential in creating a harmonious society, as
it allows people to see beyond their own biases and perspectives and understand the
views of others.
 Empathy: Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of others. By
practicing empathy, individuals can develop a deeper understanding of the
experiences and perspectives of others, and work towards resolving conflicts in a
peaceful and respectful manner.
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Punet Kumar, Ass. Professor, Shri Gopichand College of Pharmacy
 Inclusiveness: Inclusiveness involves creating a society where everyone is valued and
included, regardless of race, religion, ethnicity, or other differences. This can involve
promoting policies and programs that support diversity and eliminate discrimination.
 Cooperation: Cooperation is essential in creating a harmonious society, allowing
people to work together towards a common goal. This can involve promoting
teamwork and collaboration and encouraging people to put aside their interests for the
greater good.
 Communication: Effective communication is crucial in creating a harmonious
society. This can involve promoting open and honest dialogue and encouraging people
to listen actively to each other and understand their perspectives.
Several theories attempt to explain how a universal harmonious order in society can be
visualized and achieved. Some of these include:
 Social Contract Theory: This theory posits that individuals enter into an implicit
agreement with each other to give up some individual freedom in exchange for the
protection and benefits the state provides. This agreement creates a harmonious order
where everyone has a shared understanding of their rights and responsibilities.
 Utilitarianism: This theory states that actions and policies should be evaluated based
on their ability to produce the greatest good for the greatest number of people. By
focusing on the well-being of society as a whole, utilitarianism seeks to promote a
harmonious order.
 Libertarianism: This theory emphasizes the importance of individual liberty and
limited government intervention in promoting a harmonious order. By respecting the
freedoms and rights of individuals, society can function effectively and efficiently.
 Communitarianism: This theory emphasizes the importance of community and the
common good in promoting a harmonious order. It holds that individuals have
obligations to each other and to their communities, and that a focus on the common
good is necessary for a healthy and prosperous society.

UNDIVIDED SOCIETY (AKHANDSAMAJ)

Undivided society, also known as Akhand Samaj, is a concept that refers to a society
where individuals are united and live together in peace and harmony. This type of society is
characterized by mutual respect, cooperation, and a shared sense of purpose. The idea of an
undivided society is rooted in the belief that people have a common humanity and that
diversity is a strength, not a weakness.
Universal Human Values and Professional Ethics (Unit-3)
Punet Kumar, Ass. Professor, Shri Gopichand College of Pharmacy
Individuals are encouraged to celebrate their differences and work together to achieve
common goals in an undivided society. This is achieved by focusing on shared values, such as
fairness, justice, and equality, which serve as the foundation for cooperation and
collaboration. People are encouraged to engage in dialogue and build relationships based on
mutual respect, regardless of their background or beliefs.
In an undivided society, people are also expected to be responsible for the well-being
of their community. This means that individuals should be committed to serving the needs of
others and working to create a society that benefits everyone. People are encouraged to be
active citizens and engage in decision-making processes, whether it is through community
meetings, town halls, or other forms of public engagement.
The concept of an undivided society also emphasizes the importance of sustainable
development. People are encouraged to live in harmony with nature and to take care of the
environment for future generations. This includes reducing waste, conserving resources, and
protecting biodiversity. In addition, an undivided society is committed to ensuring that
economic growth is balanced with social and environmental considerations to ensure that the
benefits of development are shared equitably.
One of the key features of an undivided society is that it seeks to eliminate the root
causes of social conflict and division. This is achieved by addressing poverty, inequality, and
other social issues. For example, in an undivided society, people would work together to
provide everyone with basic services, such as education, healthcare, and housing, regardless
of their background or circumstances.
Another important aspect of an undivided society is promoting peace and non-
violence. People are encouraged to resolve conflicts peacefully and to avoid violence or
aggression whenever possible. This requires individuals to have a shared commitment to
peace and to be willing to compromise and find mutually acceptable solutions to problems.
The nature of an undivided society, also known as Akhand Samaj, is characterized by
unity, cooperation, and mutual respect. In this society, individuals are encouraged to celebrate
their differences and work together to achieve common goals. The focus is on shared values
such as fairness, justice, and equality, which serve as the foundation for cooperation and
collaboration.
The benefits of an undivided society are numerous and include:
1. Increased social cohesion: Individuals living in an undivided society are more likely
to feel a sense of belonging and connection to their community. This promotes a sense
of unity and helps to foster a more harmonious and stable society.
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Punet Kumar, Ass. Professor, Shri Gopichand College of Pharmacy
2. Reduced conflict: Individuals are more likely to resolve conflicts peacefully and
avoid violence or aggression in an undivided society. This promotes stability and
security and helps to prevent the escalation of conflicts into more serious situations.
3. Improved well-being: Individuals in an undivided society are more likely to
experience improved well-being by working together to address social and
environmental issues. This includes access to basic services such as healthcare,
education, housing, and a cleaner and healthier environment. Create a prosperous and
thriving economy. By sharing resources and skills, communities are better equipped
4. Increased economic prosperity: In an undivided society, individuals are more likely to
work together to address the challenges of poverty and unemployment and create new
growth and development opportunities.
5. Fostered creativity and innovation: An undivided society provides a supportive
environment for creativity and innovation, as individuals are encouraged to work
together to find new solutions to problems. This can lead to the development of new
technologies, products, and services that can benefit society as a whole.

UNIVERSAL ORDER (SARVABHAUM VYAWASTHA ); FROM FAMILY TO

WORLD FAMILY
A universal order refers to a systematic arrangement or organization of elements
within a larger system, such as the universe or society. The idea is that the universe operates
according to principles or laws that govern the behavior of matter and energy. This order is
considered inherent in the universe, and understanding these principles is believed to help us
better understand the world and our place within it.
In society, the idea of a universal order often refers to the belief that there is a natural and
harmonious way of organizing human relationships and institutions. This view holds that
society operates best based on a shared human nature and applies to all people, regardless of
background or culture.
The benefits of a universal order are numerous and include:
1. Increased stability: When society is organized according to a universal order, individuals
are more likely to behave in predictable and stable ways. This helps to create a more orderly
and harmonious society, leading to greater stability and security.
2. Improved decision-making: In a society organized according to a universal order,
decision-making
Universal Human Values and Professional Ethics (Unit-3)
Punet Kumar, Ass. Professor, Shri Gopichand College of Pharmacy
processes are more likely to be based on objective fair and just criteria. This helps to ensure
that decisions are made in the best interests of society rather than being influenced by
personal or political interests.
3. Enhanced cooperation: By promoting a shared understanding of the principles that
govern human relationships and institutions, a universal order helps to foster greater
cooperation and collaboration. This leads to more effective and efficient solutions to
problems and greater progress in areas such as social and economic development.
4. Increased understanding: A universal order helps individuals to understand the
underlying principles that govern the world and their place within it. This can lead to a
greater appreciation of the interconnectedness of all things and a deeper understanding of the
world and our place within it.
5. Reduced conflict: By promoting a shared understanding of the principles that govern
human relationships and institutions, a universal order helps to reduce the risk of conflict and
promote peace and stability. This is because individuals are more likely to understand and
respect each other's perspectives and to work together to find mutually acceptable solutions to
problems. However, while the idea of a universal order holds great appeal, it is important to
note that it can also be used to justify oppressive and authoritarian government systems. In
these cases, the idea of a universal order is often used to impose a particular set of values or
beliefs on society, limiting individual freedom and suppressing diversity and dissent.
From family to world family
A "world family" is the belief that all individuals are connected and should be treated
as part of a larger, global community. This concept is based on the idea that all human beings
are part of a shared humanity, regardless of their background, culture, or nationality. As
families work together to support and care for one another, the entire human race should
address society’s common challenges and create a better future for all.
The idea of a world family is closely related to global citizenship, which emphasizes
individuals’ responsibilities to each other and the world. This view holds that individuals
should act in the best interests of the global community rather than being solely focused on
their interests.
The Benefits of a world family perspective include:
1. Increased understanding and respect: By recognizing the common humanity we share
with others, individuals are more likely to understand and respect each other's perspectives.
This can lead to greater cooperation and collaboration and help reduce conflicts and tensions.
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Universal Human Values and Professional Ethics (Unit-3)

Punet Kumar, Ass. Professor, Shri Gopichand College of Pharmacy
2. Improved well-being: By working together to address global challenges such as poverty,
inequality, and environmental degradation, individuals can contribute to the overall well-
being of the world and future generations.
3. Enhanced cooperation: When individuals view each other as part of a larger, global
community, they are more likely to work together to address shared challenges and to find
common solutions.
4. Greater empathy: The idea of a world family encourages individuals to recognize the
interconnectedness of all things and to understand that the well-being of others is connected
to their own. This can lead to greater empathy and compassion for others.
5. Increased sense of purpose: By viewing themselves as part of a larger, global community,
individuals are more likely to feel a sense of purpose and meaning in their lives, as they work
to make a positive contribution to the world.