BBL772: Data Analytics and Informatics in Biotechnology

Quiz I – Solutions (in red)

Total: 10 Marks; 30 minutes 21/08/2023

Multiple choice questions: 1x5

1. Interquartile range of a data set is the difference between the standard deviation and the mean. True/False

2. Suppose there are 200 men of which 100 are smokers and 100 women of which 20 are smokers. What is the
probability that a person chosen at random is a smoker?

a. 0.01 b. 0.20
c. 0.40 d. 0.50

there are total 300 people, and 120 of them is smoker, so probability that a person chosen at random is simply
120/300 = 0.4

3. A family has two children. Given that one child is a boy, what is the probability that the other child is also a boy?
a. 0.25 b. 0.33
c. 0.50 d. 0.75

Let’s say event A = one child is a boy (b), and event B = both children are boys. We have to find P(B|A). The
complete sample space is as follows: { bb, (b,nb), (nb,b), (nb,nb) }.
We know by multiplication rule: 𝑃(𝐵 𝐴𝑁𝐷 𝐴) = 𝑃(𝐵|𝐴)𝑃(𝐴) => 𝑃(𝐵|𝐴) = 𝑃(𝐵 𝐴𝑁𝐷 𝐴)/𝑃(𝐴).
From the sample space, 𝑃(𝐵 𝐴𝑁𝐷 𝐴) = 𝑃(𝑏𝑏) = 1/4, 𝑃(𝐴) = 3/4.
! #
Therefore, we get: 𝑃(𝐵|𝐴) = (")/(") = 1/3. You can directly verify this from the sample space itself.

4. Which one of the following can be the appropriate location for the first quartile in an ordered array of data of size n?
a. n/2 b. (n+1)/2
c. (n-1)/2 d. (n+1)/4

5. The average monthly rainfall for city A is 91mm with a standard deviation of 3.58 and for a city, B is 73mm with a
standard deviation of 2.87. Last month, city A registered a rainfall of 45mm and in city B 39mm. Taking last month’s
scores, how much closer or further from the mean would City A’s rainfall be compared to City B if City A had the
same average distribution as that of city B?
a. -21.6 b. 2.9
c. -9.75 d. -2.1

Z-score of city B-rainfall observation last month = (39 − 73)/2.87 = −11.85

Z-score of city A-rainfall observation last month, with city B’s average distribution = (45 − 73)/2.87 = −9.76
Difference between the two z-scores = −11.8 + 9.76 = −2.09 ≈ −2.1

6. Your statistics instructor tells you on the first day of class that there will be five tests during the term. From the
scores on these tests for each student, the instructor will compute a measure of central tendency that will serve as
the student’s final course grade. Before taking the first test, you must choose whether you want your final grade to
be the mean or the median of the five test scores. Which would you choose? Why? (2)

Answer would be variable best on situations. Here, I am quoting two such cases. Any logical case would get credit.

If a student is confident about high scores in most exams, then median is a better choice because it would represent
the high scoring trend. Even if there are couple of bad scores, the median will still be unaffected. E.g. out of 50,
they get 31, 41, 27, 43, and 45. The median would be 41 whereas mean would be 37.4. This also reflects that the
students usually do better as the semester progresses. But beware with the logic here, as a common misconception
is that the middle score is median. No, the middle score, when the numbers are sorted from small to large, is the
median
 6. A certain county health department has received 25 applications for an opening that exists for a public
health nurse. Of these applicants 10 are over 30 and 15 are under 30. Seventeen hold bachelor’s
degrees only, and eight have master’s degrees. Of those under 30, six have master’s degrees. If a
On the other hand, if the student is notfrom
selection confident
amongat all, 25
these andapplicants
attemptsisto score
made high only
at random, at the
what is theend, then mean
probability that aisperson
a
better choice. If they get one or two30good
over or a scores, the amean
person with would
master’s be bumped
degree up by that. E.g. for scores of 18, 21,
will be selected?
26, 23, and 43, the median would be 23 whereas mean would be 26.2.
7. The following table shows 1000 nursing school applicants classified according to scores made on a
7. The following table shows 1000college
nursingentrance
schoolexamination
applicantsand the quality
classified of the high
according school from
to scores made which
on athey graduated,
college as rated
entrance
examination and the quality ofby thea high
groupschool
of educators:
from which they graduated, as rated by a group of educators:

Quality of High Schools

Score Poor (P) Average (A) Superior (S) Total

Low (L) 105 60 55 220

Medium (M) 70 175 145 390
High (H) 25 65 300 390

Total 200 300 500 1000

Calculate the probability that an applicant picked at random from this group: (0.5x6)
1. Made a low score on the examination.
2. Graduated from a superior high school.
3. Made a low score on the examination and graduated from a superior high school.
4. Made a low score on the examination given that they graduated from a superior high school.
5. Graduated from an average high school given they scored high.
6. Made a high score or graduated from a superior high school.

For those having problem where and how to start, think about the infection and testing problem solved in class.
Follow the same logic here also.
1. P(L) = total no of students getting low score / total no of students = 220/1000 = 0.22
2. P(S) = total no of students from superior high school / total no of students = 500/1000 = 0.5
3. P(L AND S) = 55/1000 = 0.055
4. P(L|S) = P(L AND S)/P(S) = 0.055/0.5 = 0.11
5. P(A|H) = P(A AND H)/P(H) = (65/1000)/(390/1000) = 65/390 = 0.167
6. P(H OR S) = P(H) + P(S) – P(H AND S) = 0.39 + 0.5 – 0.3 = 0.59