FACULTY OF SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF PURE AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS

MODULE MATENB1
APPLICATIONS OF CALCULUS FOR ENGINEERS

CAMPUS APK
ASSESSMENT SEMESTER TEST 2

DATE 23/10/2017 TIME 08:30

ASSESSOR(S) DR A SWARTZ
DR C ROBINSON

DURATION 90 MINUTES MARKS 50

SURNAME AND INITIALS

STUDENT NUMBER

CONTACT NUMBER

NUMBER OF PAGES: 1 + 10 PAGES

INSTRUCTIONS: 1. ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS ON THE PAPER IN PEN.

2. NO CALCULATORS ARE ALLOWED.
3. SHOW ALL CALCULATIONS AND MOTIVATE ALL ANSWERS.
4. IF YOU REQUIRE EXTRA SPACE, CONTINUE ON THE
ADJACENT BLANK PAGE AND INDICATE THIS CLEARLY.
 MATENB1 SEMESTER TEST 2 – 23 OCTOBER 2017 1/10

Question 1 [5 marks]

For questions 1.1 – 1.5, choose one correct answer, and make a cross (X) in the correct block.

Question a b c d e
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5

1.1 Let A be the average value of f (x) = x2 on [0,2] and let B be the average value of g(x) = x3
on [0,2]. Then: (1)

(a) A > B
(b) A < B
(c) A = B
(d) A = 2B
(e) None of the above.

1.2 The length of the edge of a cube is decreasing at a rate of 3 cm/s. We want to find the rate
of change of the volume of the cube. If s is used to denote the length of the edge of the
cube, what two equations can be used to solve this problem? (1)
dV dV ds
(a) V = 6s2 , =
dt dt dV
dV dV ds
(b) V = 6s2 , =
dt ds dt
dV dV ds
(c) V = s3 , =
dt ds dt
ds dV ds
(d) V = s3 , =
dt ds dt
(e) None of the above.

1.3 Consider the differential equation

xy 0 + (x + 1)y = 3x2 e−x , x > 0.

The integrating factor for this equation is: (1)

(a) xex
(b) ex
(c) x + ln x
(d) x − ln x
(e) None of the above.
 MATENB1 SEMESTER TEST 2 – 23 OCTOBER 2017 2/10

1
1.4 Consider the surface of revolution formed by revolving the curve y = , 1 ≤ x ≤ a, about
x
the x-axis. The surface area is given by the definite integral (1)
Z a
dx
(a) 2π
1 x
Z a
dx
(b) 2
1 x
Z a√
1 + x4
(c) 2π dx
1 x3
Z ar
1
(d) 2π 1 + 4 dx
1 x
(e) None of the above.

1.5 Which integral below gives the arc length of the curve y = tan x on the interval [0, π4 ]? (1)
Z π√
4
(a) 1 − sec4 x dx
0
π
Z
4 √
(b) 1 + sec4 x dx
0
1
Z r
π
(c) + sec4 x dx
0 4
Z π
4 p
(d) 1 + tan2 x dx
0
Z π
4 p
(e) 1 + sec2 x tan2 x dx
0
 MATENB1 SEMESTER TEST 2 – 23 OCTOBER 2017 3/10

Question 2 [11 marks]

x2 − 1 0 −6x 00 6(3x2 + 4)
Consider the function f (x) = . If f (x) = and f (x) = , answer the
x2 − 4 (x2 − 4)2 (x2 − 4)3
following questions:

(a) State the domain of f . (1)

Domain = (−∞, −2) ∪ (−2, 2) ∪ (2, ∞)

(b) Determine the x and y intercepts of the graph of f . (1)

1
y= , x = 1, x = −1
4
(c) Test f for symmetry. (1)

(−1)2 − 1 x2 − 1
f (−x) = = = f (x)
(−x)2 − 4 x2 − 4
f is even.

(d) Determine intervals of increase and decrease. (1)

f 0 (x) > 0 ⇐⇒ x < 0, hence f increasing for x < 0

f 0 (x) < 0 ⇐⇒ x > 0, hence f decreasing for x > 0

(e) Determine the coordinates of any turning points. (1)

1
Turning point at (0, )
4
(f) Determine intervals where the graph is concave upward and concave downward. (1)

f concave upward when f 00 (x) > 0, i.e. for x < −2 or x > 2

f concave downward when f 00 (x) < 0, i.e. for x > −2 or x < 2
 MATENB1 SEMESTER TEST 2 – 23 OCTOBER 2017 4/10

(g) Determine the equations of any asymptotes. Motivate these equations. (3)

Horizontal asymptote:

x2 − 1 2x
lim 2
= lim (L0 Hospital)
x→±∞ x − 4 x→±∞ 2x

=1

Hence, y = 1 is a horizontal asymptote. Possible vertical asymptotes for x = ±2. We test:

x2 − 1
lim+ = +∞ and
x→2 x2 − 4
x2 − 1
lim− = −∞
x→2 x2 − 4

Since the function is even, we also know that:

x2 − 1
lim + = −∞ and
x→−2 x2 − 4

x2 − 1
lim − = +∞
x→−2 x2 − 4

Hence x = −2, and x = 2 are vertical asymptotes.

(h) Sketch the graph. Include labels for x and y intercepts and equations of asymptotes. (2)
 MATENB1 SEMESTER TEST 2 – 23 OCTOBER 2017 5/10

Question 3 [5 marks]

3.1 A rectangular sheet of metal with perimeter 36 cm is rolled into a cylinder. What dimensions
of the rectangle will give the largest volume for the cylinder? You do not have to prove that
the calculated dimensions represent a maximum. (3)

Solution:

Let x and y represent the length and width of the rectangular sheet, and P represent its
1
perimeter. Then P = 2x + 2y, and P = 36 and so y = (36 − 2x) =⇒ y = 18 − x.
2
x
The cylinder will have circumference 2πr = x =⇒ r = .
2π
The cylinder will have volume given by:

V = πr2 · height
x
= π( )2 (18 − x)
2π
1 
18x2 − x3

=
4π
Hence:
dV 1 
36x − 3x2

=
dx 4π
3x
= [12 − x]
4π
Hence, maximum volume when x = 12, y = 6

3.2 A right cylindrical tank is filled with water. The tank stands upright and has radius 20 cm.
How fast does the height of water in the tank drop when the water is being drained at 25
cm3 /sec? (2)

Solution:

dV dh
V = πr2 h, hence = πr2 hence :
dt dt

dh 1 dV
= 2·
dt πr dt
1
= · 25
π(20)2
1
= cm/s
16π
 MATENB1 SEMESTER TEST 2 – 23 OCTOBER 2017 6/10

Question 4 [6 marks]

4.1 Prove the Mean Value Theorem for Integrals, i.e., prove that if f is a continuous function
on [a, b], then there exists a number c in [a, b] such that (4)
Z b
1
f (c) = f (x) dx.
b−a a

Solution: Define the function F so that

Z t
F (t) = f (x) dx.
a

Since f is continuous on the interval [a, b], by the first part of the Fundamental Theorem
of Calculus, F (t) is continuous on [a, b], differentiable on (a, b), and F 0 (t) = f (t). The first
two conditions are exactly what we need to apply the Mean Value Theorem for Derivatives
to F . Hence, there is some number c in (a, b) such that

F (b) − F (a)
F 0 (c) = .
b−a
Now, by the definition of F , we have
Z a
F (a) = f (x) dx = 0.
a

But we also know that F 0 (c) = f (c), so

Z b
F (b) 1
f (c) = = f (x) dx.
b−a b−a a

1
4.2 Find the average value of the function f (x) = 5 − on the interval [1, e]. (2)
x
Solution:
Z e
1 1
fave = (5 − ) dx
e−1 1 x
e
1
= (5x − ln |x|)
e−1 1
1
= [(5e − 1) − 5]
e−1
5e − 6
=
e−1
 MATENB1 SEMESTER TEST 2 – 23 OCTOBER 2017 7/10

Question 5 [11 marks]

5.1 Sketch the region R bounded by the curves x = 3 − y 2 and x = y + 1, indicating the points
of intersection. (2)

5.2 Determine the area of the region R by integrating with respect to y. (2)

Solution:

Z 1
Area = 3 − y 2 − (y + 1) dy
−2
Z 1
= (−y 2 − y + 2) dy
−2
 1
1 3 1 2
= − y − y + 2y
3 2
  −2 
1 1 8
= − − +2 − −2−4
3 2 3
   
−2 − 3 + 12 8 18
= − −
6 3 3
7 10
= +
6 3
27
=
6
 MATENB1 SEMESTER TEST 2 – 23 OCTOBER 2017 8/10

5.3 Find the volume of the solid of revolution formed by rotating the region bounded by the
graphs of y = x2 + 1, y = 0, x = 0 and x = 1 about the y-axis, by using

(a) the method of cylindrical shells (include a sketch of the region), and (3)

Z 1
V olume = 2πx(x2 + 1) dx
0
Z 1
= 2π (x3 + x) dx
0
 1
1 4 1 2
= 2π x + x
4 2 0
 
1 1 3π
= 2π + =
4 2 2

(b) the disk/washer method. (4)

Solution p p
y = x2 + 1 =⇒ x = ± y − 1, x = y − 1 for us.
Z 2
V olume = A(y) dy
0
Z 1 Z 2
= A(y) dy + A(y) dy
0 1
Z 1 2 Z p
2
= π(1) dy + π(1)2 − π( y − 1)2 dy
0 1
Z 2
= [πy]10 + π (1 − (y − 1)) dy
1
Z 2
=π+ (2 − y) dy
1
 2
1 2
= π + π 2y − y
2 1
 
1
= π + π 4 − 2 − (2 − )
2
1
=π+ π
2
3π
=
2
 MATENB1 SEMESTER TEST 2 – 23 OCTOBER 2017 9/10

Question 6 [6 marks]
6.1 Set up the integral used to calculate the length of the curve (2)
1
y = ln(1 − x2 ), 0≤x≤ .
2
Solution: First we calculate the derivative of y with respect to x:
dy 1 −2x
= 2
(−2x) = .
dx 1−x 1 − x2
Hence, the length of the curve is given by the integral
s
Z 1  2
2 dy
L = 1+ dx
0 dx
Z 1s
2 4x2
= 1+ dx
0 (1 − x2 )2
Z 1s
2 1 − 2x2 + x4 + 4x2
= dx
0 (1 − x2 )2
Z 1 √
2 1 + 2x2 + x4
= dx
0 1 − x2
Z 1 p
2 (1 + x2 )2
= dx
0 1 − x2
Z 1
2 1 + x2
= 2
dx.
0 1−x

1 1
6.2 The curve y = x2 − ln x, 1 ≤ x ≤ 2, is rotated about the y - axis. Find the area of the
4 2
resulting surface. (4)
Solution: First we calculate the derivative of y with respect to x:
dy x 1 x2 − 1
= − = .
dx 2 2x 2x
The the area of the resulting surface is
Z 2 r
(x2 − 1)2
A = 2πx 1 + dx
1 4x2
Z 2 r
4x2 + x4 − 2x2 + 1
= 2πx dx
1 4x2
Z 2 √
x4 + 2x2 + 1
= 2πx dx
1 2x
Z 2 p
= π (x2 + 1)2 dx
1
Z 2
= π(x2 + 1) dx
1
 3  2
x
= π +x
3 1
10π
= .
3
 MATENB1 SEMESTER TEST 2 – 23 OCTOBER 2017 10/10

Question 7 [6 marks]

7.1 Solve the differential equation xy 0 = x2 + 2y, x > 0. (3)

Solution: We first divide both sides of the equation by x to make the given equation linear:
2
y0 − y = x
x
The integrating factor is
R
− x2 dx −2 ) 1
I(x) = e = e−2 ln |x| = e−2 ln x = eln(x = x−2 = .
x2
Multiplying both sides of the given equation by I(x) gives
1 0 2 1
2
y − 3y = ,
x x x
and so  
d 1 1
y = .
dx x2 x
We now integrate both sides:
Z
1 1
y= dx = ln |x| + C = ln x + C.
x2 x
Hence, the general solution to this equation is

y = x2 ln x + x2 C.

dr
7.2 Solve the initial value problem + 2tr − r = 0, r(0) = 3, r > 0. (3)
dt
Solution: We first rewrite the equation to make it separable:
dr
= r(1 − 2t).
dt
We now integrate both sides:
Z Z
1
dr = (1 − 2t) dt
r
ln |r| = t − t2 + C
ln r = t − t2 + C
2
r = et−t +C .

Next we solve for C:

3 = e0−0+C
3 = eC
C = ln 3

Hence, the specific solution to this equation is

2 +ln 3
r = et−t .