Scribd
Upload
17 views

Assignment No 2

Aiou

Uploaded by

AliSheR KhaN MK
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
17 views

Assignment No 2

Aiou

Uploaded by

AliSheR KhaN MK
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 30
(20207 J\Ee*¥ IZ Len regia U IAL AB) 15-04-2021 et SEW F AIOU Studio 9:77 “Ut GLLLAW PERM rie soo0a1t10 -1 WSL OBE GGL L201 L 4-2 ARAL e202 St tUASLIGLA 3 Beet ie iteietun «4 PBL wee ee SoU Le 1 -eth UPS, BE https://si.aiou.edu, pke“L—as 5 Sie =, 9 te 1 kate AdwE Give belo e2021 L104 -2 (u/c AIOU Studio 9 tte dol, De OL A KIL td CMe en “UUW VE A UL pp Ag eye Mire Fin -2 LSU UE ATOR 3 Le btn ZsW11500— 12006oiziete 4 EG RLS ASC VE wt TLMe, 5 Upbeat L OY, 6 LEN uly Lore BLE MP OEY -7 bei WLLL GI bie 8 ALI elon -9 LL Mevap in Ht S OMe otile cL’ -10 bbe Abou ee nu Fe eH TRU Tbe ICT : yo SLE SE Sete sL oy Stutio 8 ples sO aP A armeE ote t EA Moh 1431: ot 03096696159. 7251.53 1L Site 1/150 es Dy B57. f Aniet KAM gla ies 2 : Ar Gros ication software. Also > diet: (a). What is software? Explain a differentiate application software and system sof A computer cannot provided some sequence- functions. This seques which is commonl Software is a given to the, programs, ‘ing at its own rather than it structions and relevant data to i instructions is called a comput mm, d to as computer software. eric term used for collection of. ters to perform specific tasks. It lures and associated documents he software is logical part o it use to make computer operat ny nputer software controls the Ss i instructions d for the working mputer that user can - of hardware or some other re by implementing the instruct given to it in an ordered way. ‘ oftware Package: s A Software Packagi ‘oup of programs that solve a specific problem or perform a specific type of job. for Example: > A word-processing package may contain programs for text AA y MOU Stunt 9 ee Sottez iG Loue S & editing, text formatting, drawing graphi a checking, etc. . Hence, a multipurpose computer system, personal computer, has several software packages, one r each type of job Ss Modify means to izes in the document. The oes s the basic procedure of m¢ an MS-Word file: Ss 1. . Simply voces file to be changed where you ha’ click on then the file will be opened. 2. ‘Then iges according to your rime A that the file agail Is to be saved then there are two options to save this file click on the save button (which &. on the upper left Comer Ss the file Gust along with office button). Then simply close this file. Qtr fie will be saved safely, Otherwise click a button Button) on the upper left comer of the file. Then click an "Save" and then simply close the file. - The file will be sa matically on the same place. 3. One can also existing file on some other place. For this purpose, just ¢ same button (Office Button) on the upper left comer of the file. Then click an option "Save As", by clicking this option, a dialog box will be opened where you will give another path to save this file. Note: Any other path can be chosen easily e.g. Local Disk (E :) from this dialog box, (On the left hand side of this dialog box, a scrolling vertical bar will be seen. One can scroll this bar by choosing any other path for saving this file). KS ty MOU Studio 9 LL ee SSiv er stb late Then press "Save" button (then this word file will be saved automatically on that selected path). After that, the user can modify this file at any time. One can also rename a file, for this purpose just” follow the next step below. Renaming a File 1 aya First locate your file (Let us consider, the file is located on the Desktop). Right-click the file, : Ss Choose an option "Rename", gs The file name will be highlighted in blue erie to be retyped. Type a new file name and then. press The file is "renamed", "below. Rs Delete a File w s 1. First locate your 160 the above case, the file is basil sated aN » on the Deskt s % icon. A dialog box will be appeared in o: ask you "Are fe you want to move this file to cle Bin?". es, if you want to delete this fieS ¢ file will be moved to the Recyc jin (Till now the file has 6. geen deleted from the original path Dut stil existed in Recycle Bin). “Moh ht If you want to delete this fil ermanently from a system then go to Recycle Bin and delete the Ic. In order to delete the file from Recylcle Bin, just follo lowing steps which are similar to the above steps except ges which are highlighted below: Right-click the fi Choose an opti elete". A "Delete File" dialog box will be appeared in order to ask you" Are you sure you want to permanently delete this file?". Choose Yes, if you want to permanentlydelete this file. ‘Then the file will be deleted permanently from the system. Find a File In order to find a file ina system, follow the following steps: atta Pes FF_ ty MOU Studio 9 LL ele Sxiv erst NG late 1, Dauble, click an icon,"t t" on desktop. A wind | opened. Sy S ‘ 2. On the arp come of this window, an oj "Search Computer” is se E ~ 3. Just click that option then the line will seem to i 4. Just wait of file which you want to 5.0 A at the system will start fi that file. Within a different files it name will be shown on AAA ty MOU Studio 9 2 Lee Hzver tela ir2: (a) What types of facilities are available in single user and multi-user operating system? Elaborate. Ans:1- Facilities in Single User Operating System: A single user operating system is a.type of operating system that provides facilities to only one user at a time. It’s the most common system used for home comeitars: It’s also used in offices and ilies work environments. operating systems can do a littl run multiple applications computers where so1 program, listen ti OS are some ¢ and services to multiple users at uted OS are some types of m Timesharing OS and S. Furthermore while tiuser OS is complex. Main objecti signing of Multi user OS is used to time sharing and batch ing on. mainframe system. Now these days, this multi operating system is used in the large organization, tor, educational system such as large scale university, in the servers side like as Ubunto Server or Windows f servers grant the permission of multiple users to system, kernel, and hardware simultaneously. In ¢ the multi operating system, several peripheral can be shared such as printers, fax m/c, plotters, and hard drives etc. Due to this feature, users can share own documents. In this system, tiny time slice of CPU time is allotted to all users. UNIX and Linux are two examples of Multiuser OS. AA y MOU Stunt 9 ee Sottez iG Loue (b) Define system performance measures & process management tools. Ans: System Performance Measures Measuring operating system's performance is such an important task which sets out the major and fundamental techniques which are used in" analyzing as well as understanding its performance. There are different methods which are being used for describing and measuring the operating system's performance. as measurement, simulation and modelling as shown below: <5 ‘These methods are described below in deta Measurement : RS) Measurement means to ut some real experiment alot with a real IP (Internet Proto which is being operated i: time (with real users). A moni feature basically records all and primary data durit periment. After that-the p ance values can be easily cor from that recorded data. “ Ss & easily (it doesn't create any information during the above the help of a software monitor. fter that the performance an be easily computed from that Modelling A "very snp tional model" of an IP system & its users is generally deve! modelling. From this model, another mathematical model is basically derived by using "queuing theory". This mathematical model is then analyzed with the help of so-called state equations (merely numerically). But sometimes the explicit formulae (of interesting Performance-terms) may be found. Then the performance values may be computed with the help of those formulae. Overall, the brief summary is that the simulation and modelling are those methods which use only “models of the system" under test. These -U aT AOU Studio 9 2 KHL Sty ets G ow two methods basically deliver performance-values of the models. These. are estimated, values which can't be considered as measured, values. So it can be said that simulation and modelling only deliver predictions of performance- values. On the other hand, the measurement is that method where the real IP- system is analyzed, investigated and tested (which can be a considered a suitable approach for measuring system performance). Process Management A program doesn't do anything unless the related to it are executed or carried out by a Central Unit (CPU). The term “process” can be defined in many di! * A program in execution-mode (: ioned above) is called a ‘x A compiler (time-shared ) can aleg be sofered at Ay Process, R % ‘A word-processin, am which is being run thro individual user ( is also known as a process. Ss So, itcan be sai {a process can be considered Baty usually a itity; say for example a file's hich are stored wes Uice koceatyenniereot gh active entity. In a 8 is basically a unit of work. contains a broad of processes. Some of these pi are referred as operating processes (those that execute code) and some of these esses are referred as user proc se that execute user-code). All these processes may pot execute concurrently by means of multiplexing the CPU. F ple, the operating-system may be responsible for those hich are listed below) in connection with SS. * Create & di th users as well as system processes. Suspending & resuming processes. Provide mechanisms for the process synchronization. Provide mechanisms for the process communication. Provide mechanisms for the deadlock handling. As a process carries-ouvexecutes, it changes its state. The state of any rocess can be casily defined in part through current activity ( a) of KP S ty MOU Studio 9 LL ee SSzep si Gk job/time-s ‘program. ibaa im (by itself) is not a "proc $P, program is HH oH that process. Every or on in anyone of the fol ee states such as: ; mo fe isn (oun sS - Ready: The process is now waiting to be Sens vofe network }- There are higijchances of redundancy in man; connection: : : 2 Overall ‘mesh network is high as compa ther topologies. 3- Set ‘maintenance of this topology is difficult. : toi S : s s e cS AAAS 2g MOU Sti 9 Lee St vep GLa ira: (a) What is meant by the term multimedia? Also define it with the help of at-least three different examples. Ans: Introduction: —————— Newspaper was the first and foremost mass-communication medium in order to employ multimedia because it mainlyqused text, images or graphics. It was the major source o tmation for the people.Afterwards, motion pictures, radio levision were the major and significant new media till 20th, . These entire new media brought audio and video, respecti changed the whole world < mass-communication, The integration (mixin; iI these media leads towards the “ of multimedia where te: es graphics, audio and video z components. The t Utimedia is derived from two nt terms "multi" and "m Medium is usually defined a ibution tool, used to presi Sorin / distribute es multimedia as a combination of multi ia used to deliver to the users digitally. der to fully understand the =. of multimedia; the basic * = concept and examples of multimedia with illustrations are lescribed below: “a Multimedia is.a field or a system concerned with computer controlled integration / combinat text, animation, graphics, audio, video, images and any o' and process al generally mean of media which ‘can represent, store, transmit ation digitally. It can be said that multimedia’ at computer information can represent through animations, audio and video in addition to other traditional medium such as text, graphics and’ images, AA y MOU Stunt 9 ee Sottez iG Loue Ruy Figure-8.2: Multimedi Various forms of multim sily require huge disk space. regard, Compact Disks-( DVDs.can be considered sor - examples of multifhedi they rriainly store information Ans: Exam Multimedia: ications where There ar@Ymany examples of multimedi rating an important part and provide lot of benefits (such as): oS oS ne Multimedia maa ? y lultimedia Courseware is ani rtant application of multimedia hich is capable of: > 1- Improving the learni of learners. 2- Enhancing their kn ige regarding their education. ily understand the different concepts because of The learners multimedia contents. Overall, it simply leads towards better educational _ results, d 2- World Wide Web(www): World Wide Web is commonly abbreviated by www. It has become one of the most important applications of multimedia, , There are many important features of World Wide Web such as: KP ty MOU Studio 9 LL ee SSzg er stb late [> The users can easily gain precise knowledge by using world wide web, 2- Itprovides any required information instantly. 3+ Itis accessible etc. 3- Electronic Newspapers / Magazines: The electronic newspaper or magazine is the highly popolar multimedia application. It is widely famous among the people of all ages. It contains many features such as: “XN ; 1-~ It is one and only one mass communicatio: which provides current information. 2- . It always. keeps people up-to-date ins news related to all over the country plus abtoad. . 3- Itisa reusable, tefreshable contained version / adaptation ca a traditional newspaper wi Ids all information electronical! 4- Video Confere 5 LS ew It is a live connec! tn at allows people in different _ interact with one éaither for the purpose of communi by using computer ni : 1 -Htinel th audio and video image. & 2- It iSeaMace to face communication gives participants ‘an nity to listen and see other's language and facial expressions. allows different people to eA ite with cach other. Vi types of features > eminent. a ~ 3-___Interactive Mo <5 Entertainment is necessary for everyone's life because it is an important key it, is multimedia application very ‘eeps people glad and fresh. The multimedia applications. such as interactive movies or games are best example of. entertainment especially for children because: 1- The interactive movies and’ games are a source of" “pleasure for the children. . 2- The children not only enjoy but also learn a lot, while watching interactive movies. HAPS ty MOU Studio 9 LL ee Sveti NG late S & = S Digital Video E ind Production System, onlneerense ” Works: E.g. Bagg resis & Games etc. Home shopping and ~- Video-on-De: are some of the other impart multimedia __ application: are used for different purposes. : RY : seeded eS : S ’ s s s e s AAAS 2g MOU Sti 9 Lee St vep GLa (b) Define and differentiate media centre, media centre computer and windows media centre. Ans: Media Centre: The term media centre is basically an audio-visual software a application which is used in home theatre PC (personal computer), home cinema, windows media centre or medi etc. Media center computer: The media centre computer is a ( gence) device which combines almost all the capabilitie functionality of a PC with some scftware applications port music, video, photo or video recording etc. Basi irectly relates. to multimedia ay almost all-the compon, multimedia exist in a media computer. The medi ‘¢ computer revolves around es it very interactive and =e components whit There aren er of charnctirstios ofa net i computer > interface vey famous sucl we ia Characteristcs:_ ee Interface : s = o Very Customizable me RS 6) Artistic and “ 7) Great Plug-in cay fo, etc : * >, These featu a media centre computer very attractive. Overall, it cine said that it is a product of numerous technology innovations which may include high pavers home computers and digital media. One can transform his/her PC into a self contained media centre AA y MOU Stunt 9 ee Sottez iG Loue audio-visual software ware contents which give with the help. of right softwat applications) plus some extré his/her machine a new life, = iiy Window Media centre @°2 “~ The term windows ia centre is usually referred as a dita video-recordeno iia player which has been de: ed by Microsoft. z . . ‘ 4 Basically it is that type of application which all to: 1) Play * “ 2) = : : 3 3) icfures 4) Ce fatch Movies ~ & View and Record Live S&S Television etc. 2 > : This application eer in different versions of E . Windows XP, Wind ista and Windows? etc. KP ty MOU Studio 9 LL ee SSzg er stb late Abr 5: (a) Why High Level Languages are easier to use? Also differentiate Compiler and Interpreter weewe eenpunns, High Level Language: High Level Language (HLL) is a type of computer language that uses English and mathematical symbols for its program construction. They are also considered as third generation. In a HLL, each s Reon is equivalent . to large number of assembly language conan atom that perform complex computing operations. Th ammers concentrate only on the logic of applications without i ering about the machine architecture. yx Advantages of High Level age: a © _ The high level languag achine independent and pro; i oriented. Sy s It is easy to age 4 $ L, It requires time and effort to write a program ji . It pro: oe I language. ~ % > " e debugging of programs is also in HLL. i more often than machine or etter documentation of pro; result high level languages assembly language.- However th ms written in high level language need to be translated into language during execution process. For this purpose language rs and linkers aré used for this purpose. Language transla lude Compiler and Interpreter. High level. language comes with compilers and interpreters. ae siti ‘ AA y MOU Stunt 9 ee Sottez iG Loue Ans: Compiler é A compiler is a computer program(s) that transits source code into the object code. The source code is the ae. in a programming. language and object code is the execut of the code often in a binary format. SS A user writes a program in a vel language and uses the spi compiler designed for that to execute the program. The scans the entire moe \d identifies errors (if NY id then translates the mal lo machine code, The aoe le is then executed by the LS es Ss 2 eter is a computer _ translates a high level co} program into its equivalent machine language program. It reads ie of code at a time, converts < binary language and then runs the code on the machine. Difference between Co The interpreter tal it and then takes \¢ statement at a time, translates and executes latement. While the compiler reads the entire program in one scan and then translates and executes it, AAA ty MOU Studio 9 2 Lee Hzver tela Figure-9.3; Diffe between Compiler and Interpr: ‘ogram in one go; a compiler Due to scannii a larger amount of timesin translating and executing a high | guage code SS. > therefore takes and interpre! ie other hand scans line by li jesser umes same process Se Lini er or link editor is a comput m that links one or more Ra files generated by'a compile and ombins them it a single unit ecute the program. Computer programs ar modules; all these com within a single obj object files, the li program. ised of several components or ' and modules need not to be confined en a program comprises of more than one into a'single unit executable KP ty MOU Studio 9 LL ee SSzg er stb late (b) Explain basic methods of taking data backup. Also explain the process of virus spreading in computer. Ans: Methods of Data Bakup:- There are plenty of options available for people looking to backup up their data, all with their own pros and cons. 1 USB stick:- Small, cheap and convenient, USB sticks are everywhere, ‘ and their portability means that they're easy yor safely, but also 85) pretty easy to lose. s AA y MOU Stunt 9 ee Sottez iG Loue 2. External hard drive~ External hard drives are just what they sound like ~ hard drives that live outside your computer, meaning they can be plugged in to other sources. If using them for backup, it’s best not to use them as ‘an ‘extra every day hard drive’. - 3. Time Machine:- For the Mac users out there, Time Machine is an option that backs up to external hard drives automatically. Apple sells its own brand of dedicated wireless Time Capsules, but you can use any hard disk for it. 4. Network Attached Storage:- Businesses tend network attached storage, but with more multiple computers, the idea has a certai looking to save files from more than down, a dedicated wireless stors which requires less thought. their files to re homes having especially for those . With prices coming a convenient option tion erp : 5. Cloud Storage:- While Cloud Server, there are f third party cloud storage options 5 free, paid, or free wit extras. iCloud, Dropbox, Google and OneDrive are big naimgs, but others are available. ~ 6. Printing:- A\ glance, this might sound a tan. But while ly less technically advanced, fers you a hard copy most important documents tl survive power \d are easy to store and access computer is out ion for a few days. cess of Virus Spreadi: Sr disks. The SCA virus, for it with pirated software. It iter:- In the early, pre-internet to computer via infected floppy amongst Amiga users on disks like any other application. Because many viruses include a logic bomb code that ensures that the virus's payload only executes at a specific time or under certain conditions, users or admins may be unaware that their applications are infected and will transfer or install them with impunity. Infected applications might be emailed they could also be downloaded from an infected code repository or compromised app store. AAAS 2g MOU Sti 9 Lee St vep GLa

You might also like