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    Chapter 5 Pending

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    of 6

    Chapter 3 COORDINATE GEOMETRY

    Table of Contents
    2.1 Cartesian System
    2.2 Plotting the points
    2.3 Find the Coordinates
    2.4 Essentials

    INTRODUCTION
    What is Linear equation in two variables ?
     As the name itself suggests, It is an equation with two variables (alphabets) and a degree of 1
    (linear). E.g. 2 x+3 y =20
    Standard form of a linear equation in two variables  ax +by + c=0

    Solution of an equation has various names such as Zeroes = Roots = Solution = Value of x∧ y .

    Write each of the following equations in the form ax + by + c = 0 and indicate the values of a, b
    and c in each case:

    Equation a b c
    (i) 2x + 3y = 4.37 2 3 – 4.37
    (ii) x – 4 = 3y 1 –3 –4
    (iii) 4 = 5x – 3y 5 –3 –4
    (iv) 2x = y 2 –1 0

    Write each of the following as an equation in two variables:

    Equation Linear Equations in two variables


    (i) x = –5 1 x+ 0 y =– 5 ,∨1 x +0 y +5=0
    (ii) y = 2 0 x +1 y =2 ,∨0 x +1 y – 2=0
    (iii) 2x = 3 2 x+ 0 y – 3=0
    (iv) 5y = 2 0 x +5 y – 2=0
    Find four different solutions of the equation x + 2y = 6. By putting
    (i) x = 0 (ii) y = 0 (iii) x = 2 (iv) y = 2
    x + 2y = 6 x + 2y = 6 x + 2y = 6 x + 2y = 6
    0 + 2y = 6 0 + 2y = 6 0 + 2y = 6 0 + 2y = 6
    2y = 6 2y = 6 2y = 6 2y = 6
    y=3 y=3 y=3 y=3

    Find the value of k, if x = 2, y = 1 is a solution of the equation 2x + 3y = k.


    2x + 3y = k
    2 (2) + 3 (1) = k
    4+3=k
    k=7

    FORMING LINEAR EQUATIONS


    Example: The cost of a notebook is twice the cost of a pen. Write a linear equation in two
    variables to represent this statement. (Take the cost of a notebook to be x and that of a pen to
    be y).
    One notebooks cost is double the cost of one pen.

    One notebooks cost is double the cost of one pen.


    x ¿ 2 y
    Hence, x=2 y

    Lets Practice:
    1. In a one-day international cricket match, Raina and Dhoni together scored 198 runs.
    Express the statements as a linear equation in two variables.
    Ans.
    2. The cost of a table is 100 more than half the cost of a chair. Write this statement as a linear
    equation in two variables.

    Ans.

    3. Write linear equation representing a line which is parallel to y-axis and is at a distance of 2 units on
    the left side of y-axis.

    Ans.
    DRAW EQUATIONS ON GRAPH
     Equations are expressed on the graph in the form of points and lines.
    Lets, Draw the graph of an equation x + y = 7.
    Put the value of x=0 , then y=7−x=7−0=7
    Put the value of y=0 , then x=7− y=7−0=7

    x 0 7

    y 7 0

    Draw the graph of an equation y = 2x + 4


    Put the value of x=0 , then y=2 ( 0 )+ 4=2 ( 0 ) +4=4
    Put the value of y=0 , then 2 x= y−4

    Find the Coordinates


    E.g. Write the coordinates of the points marked on the axes.
    Solution:
    (i) The coordinates of A are (4, 0).
    (ii) The coordinates of B are (0, 3).
    (iii) The coordinates of C are (– 5, 0).
    (iv) The coordinates of D are (0, – 4).
    2
    (v) The coordinates of E are ( , 0)
    3

    E.g. Locate the points (5, 0), (0, 5), (2, 5), (5, 2), (–3, 5), (–3, –5), (5, –3) and (6, 1) in the Cartesian
    plane.
    ∆BOE
    E.g. Write the coordinates of the points marked on the axes. Also find the area of right angled triangle

    (i) The coordinates of A are (-4, 3). (v) The coordinates of F are (-3, -3)
    (ii) The coordinates of B are (0, 6). (v) The coordinates of G are (0 ,−1)
    (iii) The coordinates of C are (5, 6). (v) The coordinates of H are (4,−2)
    (iv) The coordinates of D are (1, 2). (v) The coordinates of I are (3,−6)
    (v) The coordinates of E are (- 6, 0)
    1
    Areaof ∆ BOE= ×base ×altitude
    2
    1
    ¿ ×6 × 6
    2
    ¿ 18 units

    ESSENTIALS
    1. Write the signs convention of the coordinates of a point in the second quadrant.
    2. Write the value of ordinate of all the points lie on x-axis.
    3. Write the value of abscissa of all the points lie on y-axis.
    4. If in coordinates of a point B(3, -2), signs of both coordinates are interchanged, then it will lie in
    which quadrant ?
    5. Find distances of points C(-3, -2) and D(5, 2) from x-axis and y-axis.
    6. Find the values of x and y, if two ordered pairs (x – 3, – 6) and (4, x + y) are equal.
    7. In which quadrant does the point (-1, 2) lie ?
    8. Find the distance of the point (0, -5) from the origin.
    9. Write the shape of the quadrilateral formed by joining (1, 1), (6, 1), (4, 5) and (3, 5) on graph
    paper.
    10. In the given figure, ABCD is a rectangle with length 6 cm and breadth 3 cm. O is the mid-point
    of AB. Find the coordinates of A, B, C and D.
    11. Write the coordinates of A, B, C and D from the figure given alongside.
    12. A point lies on x-axis at a distance of 9 units from y-axis. What are its coordinates? What will
    be the coordinates of a point, if it lies on y-axis at a distance of -9 units from x-axis ?
    13. Plot the point P(2, -6) on a graph paper and from it draw PM and PN perpendiculars to x-axis
    and y-axis respectively. Write the coordinates of the points M and N.
    14. Without plotting the points indicate the quadrant in which they lie, if :
    (i) ordinate is 5 and abscissa is – 3 (iii) abscissa is – 5 and ordinate is 3
    (ii) abscissa is -5 and ordinate is – 3 (iv) ordinate is 5 and abscissa is 3
    15. Plot the points A(1, 4), B(-2, 1) and C(4, 1). Name the figure so obtained on joining them in
    order and also, find its area.
    16. Plot the following points, join them in order and identify the figure thus formed : A(1, 3), B(1, -
    1), C(7, -1) and D(7, 3)
    17. Plot the points A(2, 5), B(8,5) and C(5, -3) and join AB, BC and CA. What figure do you obtain ?
    18. (i) Plot the points M(4, 3), N(4, 0), 0(0, 0), P(0, 3).
    (ii) Name the figure obtained by joining MNOP. (iii) Find the perimeter of the figure.
    19. Plot the points A(3, 2), B(-2, 2), C(-2, -2) and D(3, -2) in the cartesian plane. Join these points
    and name the figure so formed.

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