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38 views3 pages

Lesson-1

Hihigbjiugvbnjjj

Uploaded by

levietemplado141
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PRACTICAL 2 – QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

LESSON 1:

Quantitative Research, is the process of collecting and analyzing numerical data. It can be used to find
patterns and averages, make predictions, test causal relationships, and generalize results to wider
populations. It is the opposite of qualitative research, which involves collecting and analyzing non-
numerical data (Bhandari, 2020).

Quantitative Research maybe defined as the systematic empirical investigation of social phenomena
using tools of mathematics and statistics.

The term “quantitative” emphasizes that this type of research involves quantification or measurement
and usually involves numbers. The term empirical means this type of research is concerned with the
things or characteristics that are observable. The term “social phenomena” emphasizes that it is
concerned with people, their communities, their organizations, and even their behavior.

Quantitative Research uses quantitative methods and these terms are often used interchangeably.
Quantitative methods pertain to the various quantitative techniques for the collection, analysis and
interpretation of data.

Characteristics of Quantitative Research


Quantitative research is commonly used in natural sciences research problems because of the
following characteristics:
1. Large Sample Size. To obtain more meaningful statistical result, the data must come from a
large sample size.

2. Objectivity. Data gathering and analysis of results are done accurately, objectively, and are
unaffected by the researcher’s intuition and personal guesses.

3. Concise Visual Presentation. Data is numerical which makes presentation through graphs,
charts, and tables possible and with better conveyance and interpretation.

4. Faster Data Analysis. The use of a statistical tools gives way for a less time-consuming data
analysis.

5. Generalized Data. Data taken from a sample can be applied to the population if sampling is
done accordingly, i.e., sufficient size and random samples were taken.

6. Fast and Easy Data Collection. Depending on the type of data needed, collection can be quick
and easy. Quantitative research uses standardized research instruments that allow the
researcher to collect data from a large sample size efficiently. For instance, a single survey form
can be administered simultaneously to collect various measurable characteristics like age,
gender, socio-economic status, etc.

7. Reliable Data. Data is taken and analyzed objectively from a sample as a representative of the
population, making it more credible and reliable for policymaking and decision making.

8. High Replicability. The Quantitative method can be repeated to verify findings enhancing its
validity, free from false or immature conclusions.

Advantages of Quantitative Research


The following are the advantages of quantitative research or its strengths:
1. Very objective
2. Numerical and quantifiable data can be used to predict outcomes.
3. Findings are generalizable to the population.
4. There is conclusive establishment of cause and effect
5. Fast and easy data analysis using statistical software.
6. Fast and easy data gathering
7. Quantitative research can be replicated or repeated.
8. Validity and reliability can be established

Disadvantages of Quantitative Research


The following are the disadvantages of quantitative research or its weaknesses:
1. It lacks the necessary data to explore a problem or concept in depth.
2. It does not provide comprehensive explanation of human experiences.
3. Some information cannot be described by numerical data such as feelings, and beliefs.
4. The research design is rigid and not very flexible.
5. The participants are limited to choose only from the given responses.
6. The respondents may tend to provide inaccurate responses.
7. A large sample size makes data collection more costly.

Kinds of Quantitative Research


Quantitative research is a broad spectrum that it can be classified into smaller and more specific
kinds:

1. Descriptive design is used to describe a particular phenomenon by observing it as it occurs


in nature. There is no experimental manipulation, and the researcher does not start with a
hypothesis. The goal of descriptive research is only to describe the person or object of the
study. An example of descriptive research design is “the determination of the different kinds
of physical activities and how often high school students do it during the quarantine period.”

2. The correlational design identifies the relationship between variables. Data is collected by
observation since it does not consider the cause and effect, for example, the relationship
between the amount of physical activity done and student academic achievement.
3. Ex post facto design is used to investigate a possible relationship between previous events
and present conditions. The term “Ex post facto” which means after the fact, looks at the
possible causes of an already occurring phenomenon. Just like the first two, there is no
experimental manipulation in this design. An example of this is “How does the parent’s
academic achievement affect the children obesity?”

4. Causal-Comparative Research
compares one or more measurable characteristics of two or more groups to find the
similarities and the differences between them.
the result of a comparison can be used to generate insights about the characteristics of both
groups. As well, it can be used to determine the possible underlying causes of these
similarities or differences.

5. A quasi-experimental design is used to establish the cause-and-effect relationship of


variables. Although it resembles the experimental design, the quasi-experimental has lesser
validity due to the absence of random selection and assignment of subjects. Here, the
independent variable is identified but not manipulated. The researcher does not modify pre-
existing groups of subjects. The group exposed to treatment (experimental) is compared to
the group unexposed to treatment (control): example, the effects of unemployment on
attitude towards following safety protocol in ECQ declared areas.
6. Experimental design like quasi- experimental is used to establish the cause-and-effect
relationship of two or more variables. This design provides a more conclusive result because
it uses random assignment of subjects and experimental manipulations. For example, a
comparison of the effects of various blended learning to the reading comprehension of
elementary pupils.

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