NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERISTY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Laboratory High School

SUBJECT AREA: General Biology 1
1st Semester SY 2024-2025

Unit II: Cell Cycle

Lesson 1: Cell Division 1.3. ______________________
• Organizes and condenses the genetic
• _____________ - Repeating sequence
material, or starts to condense the
of cellular growth and division
genetic material, and prepares to
throughout the life of an organism
divide.
• Hollow microtubules are assemble
• ______________ are used to move
chromosomes during mitosis

2. __________________
. __________ is divided into 2 nuclei
• Each nucleus ends up with the same
number of chromosomes as the
Stages of Cell Cycle original cell.
• Includes ___________, __________,
1. ______________ __________ and ___________.
- A cell spends the most time in this
phase. The _______ in the
chromosomes copies itself ready for
cell division. The chromosomes then
become _________ and start to coil.

_________________
1. During this final stage in Mitosis, the
cytoplasm divides.
1.1. _______________________
• -the stage where the cell is preparing
to _______________
• Cell grows rapidly and carries out
routine functions
• Phase takes most of the cell’s life
• ________ and _________ cells never
divide, so they remain in G1
________________

1.2. ______________________  process of cell multiplication. It is

• Cell’s DNA is ___________ necessary for living systems to survive.
(replicated)
Types
• At the end of the stage, each
chromosome consists of 2 1. ___________
chromatids attached to a 2. ___________
__________________.
1. __________ - where a cell divides into
two genetically identical copies of
itself. The process is broken down
into a series of different phases:
1.1. _____________
1.1.1. ______________
 NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERISTY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Laboratory High School
SUBJECT AREA: General Biology 1
1st Semester SY 2024-2025

 Cylindrical organelles half the amount of genetic material

called ___________ divide (sex cells).
into two.  During Meiosis diploid cells
 They move apart and form are reduced to _____________.
asters. ____________ help  Diploid (2n) Haploid (n)
align and group  If Meiosis did not occur the
chromosomes in cell chromosome number in each
division. new generation would
 The __________________ double…. The offspring would
then starts to disintegrate. die.
 Meiosis is Two cell divisions
1.1.2. ____________________ (called meiosis I and meiosis
 The asters and II) with only one duplication of
centrioles are now on chromosomes.
different poles.
Meiosis in males is called __________________
 The nuclear membrane
and produces ___________.
has disappeared.
Meiosis in females is called ____________ and
produces ________.

1.2. ________________
 Microscopic protein
structures called ____________,
pull the chromosomes by their
centromeres (the centre of a
chromosome) so they line up
in the middle.

1.3. _______________
 The centromeres split and half
of the chromatids (chromatids
are divided chromosomes)
move to one pole and half to
the other.
 The cell membrane begins to
pinch at the center.

1.4. __________________
 The cell membrane constricts
further and two nuclear
membranes form around the
separated groups. ______________
• Similar to _____________ interphase.
• ________________ replicate (S phase).
______________________ • Each duplicated chromosome
 The cell membrane pinches in
consist of two identical sister
completely and mitosis is ______________ attached at their
complete. Two _______________ ________________.
now exist. They both are • ______________ pairs also replicate.
genetically identical with the
same number of
chromosomes.

2. _____________ - A type of cell division

where a single cell divides twice and
produces four daughter cells with
 NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERISTY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Laboratory High School
SUBJECT AREA: General Biology 1
1st Semester SY 2024-2025

_____________________
• Cell division that reduces the
chromosome number by one-half.
• 4 phases:
a. ____________
b. ____________
c. ____________
d. ____________ 2. _______________
 The chromosomes align in
1. _______________
pairs in the center of the cell.
 The chromosomes ____________ and
the nucleolus breaks down.  Random assortment occurs -
 As chromosomes move around, this means that chromosome
_____________ happens - this means pairs line up randomly.
genetic material can be exchanged.  Shortest phase
 __________ and most _________ phase.  Tetrads align on the
 ________ of the meiotic process is metaphase plate.
spent in Prophase I  INDEPENDENT
 Chromosomes condense. ASSORTMENT OCCURS:
 ___________ occurs: homologous  1. Orientation of
chromosomes come together to form homologous pair to poles is
a tetrad. random.
 ___________ is two chromosomes or 2. Variation
four chromatids (sister and
3. Formula: 2n
nonsister chromatids).
Example: 2n = 4
then n = 2
thus 22 = 4
combinations

 During Prophase I “Crossing Over”

occurs.
 Crossing Over is one of the Two 3. _________________
major occurrences of Meiosis  Chromosome pairs separate and
 During Crossing over segments of move to opposite ends of the cell.
nonsister chromatids break and  This ensures each cell contains half
reattach to the other chromatid. The the number of chromosomes
________________ are the sites of (haploid).
crossing over.  ________________ separate and move
towards the poles.
 ______________ remain attached at
their ______________
 NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERISTY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Laboratory High School
SUBJECT AREA: General Biology 1
1st Semester SY 2024-2025

3. _______________
4. ________________  Sister chromatids separate
 Two new nuclei form around and move to opposite ends of
each set of chromosomes. the cell.
 The cytoplasm splits and two  This ensures the daughter
(haploid) daughter cells are cells remain _____________ -
formed.
that means they have half the
genetic material of the original
parent cell.

_______________
• No interphase II
(or very short - no more DNA
replication)
• Remember: Meiosis II is similar to
mitosis
1. _________________
 Phase 2 happens to allow ____
haploid sex cells (sperm and
egg cells) to be created. 4. _________________
 The chromosomes condense  ________ new nuclei form
and the nucleolus breaks in around each set of
both cells chromosomes
 The ___________ split and
four (haploid) daughter
cells are formed.

2. ___________________

 The chromosomes align single

file in the center of the cell.
 This occurs to ensure sister References:
chromatids separate in the
next stage. • https://www.shutterstock.com/se
arch/centromere
• https://www.sciencefacts.net/mit
osis.html
• https://www.genome.gov/genetic
s-glossary/Cell-Cycle
NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERISTY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Laboratory High School
SUBJECT AREA: General Biology 1
1st Semester SY 2024-2025