General Mathematics

Quarter 1 – Week 4 Module

One-to-One Functions
The Inverse of One-to-one Functions
Domain and Range of Inverse Functions
Real-life Problems Involving Inverse Functions
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you to
assess your knowledge of the different mathematics concepts previously studied and
your skills in performing mathematical problems. These knowledge and skills will
help you understand one-to-one functions. As you go through this lesson, think of
this important question: “How one-to-one functions represents real life situations”?

In this module, the learners are expected to demonstrate understanding of key

concepts of one-to-one and inverse functions.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. determine if a function is a one-to-one.
2. identify real-life situation using one-to-one function.
3. determine the inverse of a one-to-one function.
4. Define domain and range.
5. Find the domain and range of a given inverse function.
6. Represent the domain and range using set builder notation.
7. solve problems involving inverse functions; and4
8. evaluate inverse functions and interpret results.

Lesson Represent Real-Life

1 Situation using One-to-One
Functions
Study the graph below, write the values of y in the table below.

Figure 1 Figure 2

x y
x y
-2
-2
-1
-1
0
0
1
1
2
2

2
1. What are the values of y in figure 1 and figure 2?
2. What have you noticed on their values?
3. Is the value of x in figure 1 have the same value in y? How about figure 2?
4. Draw horizontal lines each figure. How many times does the horizontal line
intersect on figure 1 and figure 2?
5. What function do you call when no two ordered pairs that have
the same first component have different second component?

One-to-One Functions
A function f is one-to-one if it never takes the same value twice or
. That is, the same y-value is never paired with
two different x-values.
In the Venn diagram below, function f is a one-to-one since not two inputs
have a common output.

Figure 1. Venn diagram of a one-to-one function.

In the Venn diagram below, function f is NOT a one-to-one since the inputs -1 and
0 have the same output.

Figure 2. Venn diagram of a function that is not a one-to-one.

On the other hand, the function g(x) = is not a one-to-one function, because
g(−1) = g(1). There are a lot of real-life applications of a one-to-one function.

3
Determine whether the given relation is a function. If it is a function, determine
whether it is one-to-one.

Example 1: The relation pairing an SSS member to his or her SSS number.

Solution:
Each SSS member is assigned a unique SSS number. Thus, this relation is a
function. Further, two members cannot be assigned the same SSS number,
therefore, the function is one-to-one.

Example 2: The relation pairing a citizenship to a person.

Solution:
The relation is a function because each person has a citizenship. However, a person
can have two citizenship, (dual citizen) therefore, it is not one-to-one function.
Graph of a One-to-one Function
If f is a one-to-one function then no two points , have the
same y-value. Therefore, no horizontal line cuts the graph of the equation y = f(x) more
than once. Example. Compare the graphs of the above functions

How to Determine if a Function is One-to-One

Horizontal Line test: A graph passes the Horizontal Line Test if each horizontal line
cuts the graph at most once.

A function f is one-to-one if and only if the graph y = f(x) passes the horizontal Line
test.
Example. Which of the following functions are one-to-one?

Figure 3 Figure 4

Figure 3. shows that the horizontal line test intersects more than one, while the other
horizontal line test intersect no more than one. It means that Figure 4 is an example of
one-to-one function.

4
Activity 1.1 Understanding One-to-One Functions

Determine whether each of the following situations is a one-to-one function. Elaborate

your answer.
1. The relation of a dog to its family members.

2. The relation of a person to his or her passport.

3. A car model to its manufacturer company.

4. A shark to where it lives.

5. True or False questions to answers.

Activity 1.2 True or False

Identify whether the following represents one-to-one functions.

1. Degree Fahrenheit to its equivalent degree Celsius measurement
2. Person to his/her citizenship
3. Fare to the distance travelled
4. Cellphone to its cellphone number
5. Length in meters to its length in inches.
6. Father to his first biological son.
7. ATM Card Number to account name
8. Person to his favorite music. House to telephone number.
9. Brand name to pair of shoes.

5
Individual Assessment 1
Below are words which can be associated with one-to-one functions. Write a
statement below that may prove it is an example of one-to-one function.

Example: Passport ID

Answer: A person has only one passport ID.

1. Citizenship
2. Fare
3. Car
4. Area of a circle.
5. Soap

Lesson
The Inverse of One-to-One
2 Functions
I Can See Your Mind
Let’s have a mind game. Ready?
Think of a number. Multiply it by 2. Then, subtract 1 from it. Now, add 4 to the
difference. Lastly, give me your answer and I’ll tell the number you are thinking of.
Can you tell me how I will know the original number you have chosen by giving me
the final answer?
The key lies in the command “undo”. Familiar with it? Yes, this game follows the same
principle as with the “undo” button we click when we are preparing documentsusing
our laptops, cellphones or the likes. When you want to bring back how the document
looks like a while ago, you keep clicking this button and the document gradually goes
back to its previous layout. It keeps deleting the changes you do to the document one
by one from the most recent to the earliest change you made.
Meanwhile, what you did with your chosen number is you multiplied it by 2 and then
added 3 to it. Why 3? Because you subtracted 1 and then added 4 to the number
which is the same as adding 3 to it. Going back to the principle of “undo”, this is how
I guessed your original number by telling me your final answer.
Commands Undo
Step 3. Add 3 to it. (2x + 3) Step 1. Subtract 3 from your answer y. (y – 3)
Step 2. Multiply it by 2. (2x) Step 2. Divide it by 2. 𝑦−3
2
Step 1. Think of a number. (x) Answer will be the number you are thinking. (x)

By that way, I have seen your mind. Create a new set of commands. It’s now your
turn to try it with your family members or peer. Experience their oohs and aahs!

6
Inverse Function Defined
The inverse of a function is a function with domain B and range A given that the
original function has domain A and range B.

This inverse function of function f is denoted by f-1. It is defined by the equation

𝑓−1(𝑦) = 𝑥 if and only if 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦 for any y in range B. Since both are functions, then
a function has to be one-to-one for its inverse to be a function at the same time. If it
is a many-to-one function, its inverse is one-to-many which is not a function.
How to Find the Inverse of One-to-one Function
Intuitively, the inverse of a function may be known by the principle of “undo”. That
is, by considering the inverse of operations performed, the inverse of a function may
be computed easily.

Example 1
Given f(x) = 3x – 8, the inverse of a function may be solved intuitively.

Solution:
Steps In symbols
Step 1. The last operation performed is subtraction, the inverse
x+8
operation of which is addition. To x, add 8.
Step 2. The second to the last operation performed is
𝑥+8
multiplication, the inverse operation of which is division. Divide
x + 8 by 3. 3
Step 3. Equate it to 𝑓−1(𝑥) to denote that it is the inverse 𝑥+8
𝑓−1(𝑥) =
function of 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 – 8. 3

However, it is not that easy in some case. In later examples, you will understand
what I mean by saying that there is a more general method that may be followed.
To find the inverse of a one-to-one function, consider the following:
a. Express the function in the form 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥);
b. Interchange the x and y variables in the equation;
c. Solve for y in terms of x.

Example 2
If it exists, solve for the inverse of 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥2 – 6𝑥 – 7.

Solution:
Recognize that g(x) is a quadratic function whose graph is a parabola opening upward.
It fails the horizontal line test because it has x-values which correspond to the same y-
value. And since it is not a one-to-one function, then its inverse is not a function. Simply
put, it has no inverse function.

Alternate Solution:

𝑦 = 𝑥2 – 6𝑥 – 7 (change g(x) to y)
𝑥 = 𝑦2 – 6𝑦 – 7 (interchange x and y)
𝑦2 – 6𝑦 = 𝑥 + 7 (solve for y, APE)
𝑦2 – 6𝑦 + 9 = 𝑥 + 7 + 9 (solve for y, by completing the square, by APE)
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(𝑦 − 3)2 = 𝑥 + 16 (solve for y, by factoring)
𝑦 − 3 = ±√𝑥 + 16 (solve for y, by getting the square root of both sides)
𝑦 = ±√𝑥 + 16 + 3 (solve for y, by APE)
Notice that for some values of x, there are two values of y. For instance, if x=1, 𝑦 =
√17 + 3 and 𝑦 = √17 + 3. Therefore, the inverse function of g(x) does not exist.
Example 3
4𝑥+8
Find the inverse of the rational function ℎ(𝑥) = .
𝑥−3

Solution:
4𝑥+8
𝑦= 𝑥−3
(change g(x) to y)
4𝑦+8
𝑥=
𝑦−3
(interchange x and y)

𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑥 = 4𝑦 + 8 (solve for y, MPE)

𝑥𝑦 − 4𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 8 (solve for y, by APE)
𝑦(𝑥 − 4) = 3𝑥 + 8 (solve for y, by factoring)
3𝑥+8
𝑦 = 𝑥−4 (solve for y, by MPE)
3𝑥+8
ℎ−1(𝑥) = (the inverse function)
𝑥−4

Individual Assessment 1
If it exists, solve for the inverse function of each of the following.
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 25𝑥 − 18
2. 𝑔(𝑎) = 𝑎2 + 8𝑎 − 7
3. 𝑓(𝑏) = (𝑏 + 6)(𝑏 − 2)
4. ℎ(𝑥) =2x+17
3𝑥+1

5. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥9

6. 𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑎3 + 8
7. ℎ(𝑐) = √2𝑐 + 2
8. 𝑓(𝑥) =x+10
9𝑥−1

8
 Lesson Finds the Domain and
3 Range of an Inverse
Function
Recall that a function has an inverse if and only if it is one-to-one and every one-to-one
function has a unique inverse function.

Below are the steps in solving for the inverse of a function:

a. Write the function in the form y=f(x);
b. Interchange the x and y variables;
c. Solve for y in terms of x;
d. Replace y by f-1(x);
e. Verify if f and f-1 are inverse functions.

Example 1: Find the inverse of 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 8 .

Solution: The equation of a function is 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 8. Interchanging the x and y variables,

we get 𝑥 = 3𝑦 − 8.
Solving y for x: 3𝑦 = 𝑥 + 8
𝑥+8
𝑦= 3
𝑥+8
Therefore, the inverse of 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 8 is 𝑓−1(𝑥) =
3

To verify if f and f-1 are inverse functions:

𝑥+8 3𝑥−8+8
𝑓[𝑓−1(𝑥)] = 3 ( ) − 8 𝑓−1[𝑓(𝑥)] =
3 3
= x+8 = 3𝑥
3
=x =x
Therefore, f is the inverse of f.
-1

Example 2: Find the inverse of 𝑓(𝑥) = √2𝑥 + 1 .

Solution: The equation of a function is 𝑦 = √2𝑥 + 1. Interchanging the x and y variables,

we get 𝑥 = √2𝑦 + 1.
Solving y for x: 2𝑦 = 𝑥2 − 1
𝑥2−1
𝑦=
2
𝑥2−1
Therefore, the inverse of 𝑓(𝑥) = √2𝑥 + 1 is 𝑓−1(𝑥) =
2

To verify if f and f-1 are inverse functions:

𝑓[𝑓−1(𝑥)] = √2(𝑥2−1 ) + 1 𝑓−1[𝑓(𝑥)] =(√2x+1) 2 - 1

2 2

9
 = √𝑥2 − 1 + 1 = 2𝑥+1−1
2
=x =x
Therefore, f-1 is the inverse of f.

Example 3: Find the inverse of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥2 + 4 .

Solution: The equation of a function is 𝑦 = 𝑥2 + 4. Interchanging the x and y variables,

we get 𝑥 = 𝑦2 + 4.
Solving y for x: 𝑦2 = 𝑥 − 4
𝑦 = √𝑥 − 4
Therefore, the inverse of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥2 + 4 is 𝑓−1(𝑥) = √𝑥 − 4

To verify if f and f-1 are inverse functions:

𝑓[𝑓−1(𝑥)] = (√𝑥 − 4 )2 + 4 𝑓−1[𝑓(𝑥)] = √𝑥2 + 4 − 4
=𝑥−4+4 = √𝑥2
=x =x
Therefore, f-1 is the inverse of f.

From the previous lesson, you already learned that the domain of a function is the set of
input values that are used for the independent variable and the range of a functionis
the set of output values for the dependent variable. But, from this lesson, how will you
determine the domain and range of an inverse function?

A relation reversing the process performed by any function f(x) is called inverse of f(x).

To determine the domain and range of an inverse function:

The outputs of the function f are the inputs to f−1, so the range of f is also the domain
of f−1. Likewise, because the inputs to f are the outputs of f−1, the domain of f is the range
of f−1. We can visualize the situation.

Domain of f Range of f
f(x)

f-1(x)
Range of f -1 Domain of f -1

This means that the domain of the inverse is the range of the original function and that
the range of the inverse is the domain of the original function.

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 Original Function Inverse Relation

x 2 3 5 10 x 6 8 12 21

y 6 8 12 21 y 2 3 5 10

The domain of the original function is (2,3,5,10) and the range is (6,8,12,21). Therefore
the domain of the inverse relation will be (6,8,12,21) and the range is (2,3,5,10).

Properties of an Inverse Function

If the f-1 inverse function exists,

1. f-1 is a one to one function, f is also one-to-one.
2. Domain of f-1= Range
3. Range of f-1 = Domain of f.

𝒙+𝟐
Example 1. Find the domain and range of the inverse function 𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙) =
𝟑
Solution:
To find the domain and range of an inverse function, go back to the original
function and then interchange the domain and range of the original function.

The original function is f(x) = 3x-2. The original function’s domain is the set of
real numbers and the range is also the set of real numbers. Thus, the domain
𝒙+𝟐
and range of 𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙) = is the set of all real numbers.
𝟑

Example 2. Find the domain and range of 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐 and its inverse.
Solution:
Let 𝒚 = 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐
Interchange x and y: 𝒙 = 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟏𝟐
Solve for y.
𝟑𝒚 = 𝒙 − 𝟏𝟐
𝒚 = (𝒙 − 𝟏𝟐)/𝟑
𝒇−𝟏(𝒙) = (𝒙 − 𝟏𝟐)/𝟑

Determine the domain and range of f and f-1.

You have 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐 a and 𝒇−𝟏(𝒙) = (𝒙 − 𝟏𝟐)/𝟑
Domain of (f) ={𝒙€𝑹}Range of (f)= {𝒚€𝑹}
Domain of (f-1) = {𝒙€𝑹} Range of (f-1) ={𝒚€𝑹}

11
 To verify if f and f-1 are inverse functions:
𝑓[𝑓−1(𝑥)] = 3(𝑥 − 12 /3) + 12 𝑓−1[𝑓(𝑥)] = (3𝑥 − 12 − 12)/3
= x-12+12 = 3x/3
=x =x
Therefore, f-1 is the inverse of f.

Example 3. Find the domain and range of 𝒇(𝒙) = √𝒙 + 𝟐 and its inverse.
Solution:
Let 𝒚 = √𝒙 + 𝟐
Interchange x and y: 𝒙 = √𝒚 + 𝟐
Solve for y.
𝒙𝟐 = 𝒚 + 𝟐
𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐
𝒇−𝟏(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐

Determine the domain and range of f and f-1.

You have 𝒇(𝒙) = √𝒙 + 𝟐 a and 𝒇−𝟏(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐
Domain of (f) ={𝒙 ≥ −𝟐} Range of (f)= {𝒚 ≥ 𝟎}
Domain of (f ) =
-1 {𝒙 ≥ 𝟎} Range of (f-1) ={≥ −𝟐}

To verify if f and f-1 are inverse functions:

2
𝑓[𝑓−1(𝑥)] = √𝑥2 − 2 + 2 𝑓−1[𝑓(𝑥)] = (√𝑥 + 2) − 2
= √𝑥2 = x+2-2
=x =x
Therefore, f-1 is the inverse of f.

Example 4. Consider f(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓. Find the inverse and its domain and range.

Solution:
Let 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓
Interchange x and y: 𝒙 = 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟓

Solve for y.
𝒚𝟐 = 𝒙 + 𝟓
𝒚 = √𝒙 + 𝟓
𝒇−𝟏(𝒙) = √𝒙 + 𝟓

Determine the domain and range of f and f-1.

You have 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓 and 𝒇−𝟏(𝒙) = √𝒙 + 𝟓
Domain of (f ) ={𝒙 𝝐 𝑹} Range of (f)= {𝒚 > −𝟓}
Domain of (f ) = {𝒙 > −𝟓}
-1 Range of (f-1) ={𝒚 𝝐 𝑹}

12
 To verify if f and f-1 are inverse functions:
2
𝑓−1[𝑓(𝑥)] = (√𝑥 + 5) − 5 𝑓[𝑓−1(𝑥)] = √𝑥2 − 5 + 5
= x+5-5 = √𝑥2
=x =x
Therefore, f-1 is the inverse of f.

Practice Activity

A. Find the inverse of f. Determine the domain and range of each resulting inverse
functions. Write your answer inside the box provided.

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 1
f-1 = Solution:

Domain
Range
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 + 2

f-1 = Solution:

Domai
n
Range
𝑥+2
3. 𝑓 (𝑥) =
5

f-1 = Solution:

Domai
n
Range

4. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥2 + 2

f-1 = Solution:

Domai
n
Range

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 5. 𝑓(𝑥) = √1 + 𝑥
f-1 = Solution:

Doma
in
Range

Individual Assessment 1: EXPLORE DEEPER AND THINK WISELY

Now that you have deeper understanding of the topic, you are ready to solve the
problems below.

1. Temperatures are normally expressed in degrees Celcius or degress Fahrenheit. A

temperature reading expressed in degrees Celsius can be converted to degrees
Fahrenheit, and vice versa.
a. Determine a function F that expresses a given temperature in degrees
Fahrenheit to degrees Celsius.
Solution:

b. Determine a function C that expresses a given temperature in degrees Celsius

to degrees Fahrenheit.
Solution:

c. Verify if the functions F and C are inverse Functions.

Solution:

d. Determine the domain and range of the functions and its inverse.

2. The formula S= (n-2) 180 gives the sum of the measures of the angles of n-sided
polygon where n is the input and S is the output.
a. Solve the formula for n so that S becomes the input and n becomes the output.
Solution:

b. Write the formula in (a) as the inverse function of f(x) = (x-2) 180.
Solution:

c. Verify is the two functions are inverse functions.

Solution:

d. Determine the domain and range of the function and its inverse.

14
Rubrics:

Score For letters a For letter c For letter d

and b
4 The function or The functions were The domain and
formula verified as inverse range of the function
functions and its inverse were
was with correctly determined
determined completely
s and properly
or hownprocedures. written.
formulated

with
properly
shown
procedures.
3 The function The functions were The domain and
verified as inverse range of the function
or functions and its inverse were
formula with correctly determined
was partially but it wasimproperly
determined s written.
hownprocedures.
or
formulated

with
partially
shown
procedures.
2 The function or The functions were The domain was
formula was not not verified as correct but the range
determined inverse functions is incorrect or vice
and other versa.
or formulated alternative
and other procedures was
alternative shown.
procedures
was shown.
1 The function or The functions were The domain and
formula was not not verified as range was not
determined inverse functions correctly determined
without any
or formulated procedure. and improperly
without any written.
procedure or
solution.

15
 Lesson Solving Real-life Problems
4 Involving Inverse
Functions
You have learned from your previous lesson the representations inverse
functions through its table of values, graphs, and equations. You also learned how
to find its domain and range which are important in the study of solving real-life
problems involving inverse functions. This module will help you solve real-life
problems involving inverse functions.

What’s In

Let us start your journey by recalling the previous lessons you already
learned about inverse functions. Here is the list of functions and its inverse, match
column B to column A by finding the inverse of the items in column A. Write the
letter of the answer in the box below that will reveal a “word” or the name of the
“building” that you are looking for.
The United Arab Emirates was given the title of “The Tallest Building in
the World” on January 4, 2010. What is the name of the building?
Column A Column B
1. g(x) = x – 3
5 R. y = 5𝑥+1
9𝑥−4
2. f(x) = 7x + 10 A. y = 𝑡
3
𝑥2
3. h(x) = 4𝑥+1 A. y = ±√
9𝑥−5 5
4. k = 5 (𝑡 − 32) + 273.15 J. y = 9 (𝑘 − 273.15) + 32
9 5
3 𝑥+7
5. w(x) = 2x + 9 L. y = √
2
6. t(x) = 𝑥+2 K. y = 𝑥−9
3𝑥−5 2

7. r(x) = |5x| B. y = 5√𝑥 + 3

8. s(x) = 2x3 – 7 H. y = 5𝑥+2
3𝑥−1
9. q(x) = 3x -5 F. y = 𝑥−11
5
10.n(x) = 5x + 11 I. y = 𝑥+5
3
3𝑥−2
11. z(x) = 3t R. y = √ 7

𝑥−10
U. y =
7

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

16
 What’s New

Now, that you already know how to find the inverse of the function, and how
to evaluate inverse functions, as well as finding the domain and range. I am confident
that you are now ready for the new lesson.

Exchange Rate!
Anna’s mother works in South Carolina USA as a domestic helper for a living. She
sends off money in the Philippines each month. Recently the exchange was $ 1.00
to ₱50.85.

(a) Complete the table by converting U.S. dollar to peso

$ 1 5 25 50 100
₱ 50.85

(b) Describe how did you convert US dollar to peso.

(c) Write an equation that converts dollar into peso.

(d) Write an equation that converts peso into dollar using the equation in
(c).

17
 (e) Sketch and describe the graphs of the original function and its inverse.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

(f) If Anna needs to buy a new laptop for her online classes, how much
dollars should her mother give her if it costs ₱17,000.00?

(g) How important the conversion of currency in real-life situations?

What is It

In the previous activity, first you need to write a model that would represent
the situation. To represent the equation of converting Philippine Peso to US dollar,
you need to think about the value of the US dollar as the input and the equivalent
amount in peso as the output. Since the exchange rate is ₱50.85 per US dollar, then
the function can be described as ₱ = 50.85$ and its inverse as
$= ₱ where ₱ and $ as are the amount in peso and dollar respectively. For you
50.85

to complete the table of values, you need to evaluate the function. After completing
the table of values you can now sketch the graph of the function and its inverse.
Remember, that the domain of the original function is the range of the inversefunction
and the range of the original function is the domain of its inverse. Take note, that the
graph of the inverse function is the reflection of the graph of the original function
about the line 𝑦 = 𝑥.
Going back to the situation, if Anna needs to buy a new laptop for her
studies, how much dollars should her mother give her if it costs ₱17,000.00?
Anna’s mother should consider giving her 334.32$.
How important the knowledge of conversion of currency in real-life
situations? If you are aware of the exchange rate, it is an advantage for you to
choose the right institution or establishment for your money. You can calculate the
amount you will receive as the less or high value after the currency is converted
depending on the current exchange rates.
The inverse function is a function that switches the input and the ouput.
But, not all functions have inverse functions. The reverse process performed by
any function f(x) is called inverse of f(x). It means that the domain of the original
function is the range of the inverse function and that the range of the original
function is the domain of the inverse function.
The graph of the inverse is the reflection of the graph of the original function.
The axis of symmetry is the line y = x.

18
Steps in finding the inverse of a function is given below.
To find 𝑓−1(𝑥):
1. Replace 𝑓(𝑥) with 𝑦.
2. Interchange 𝑥 and 𝑦.
3. Solve for the new y from the equation in Step 2.
4. Replace the new 𝑦 with 𝑓−1(𝑥) if the inverse is a function

For better understanding, study the examples below and reflect on the different
steps to solve real-life problems involving inverse function.

Example 1
Andreau and his friend are playing a number - guessing game. Andreau asks his
friend to think a positive number, then add four to the number. Next, square the
resulting number, and multiply the result by 3. Finally, divide the result by 2. If
you are his friend and you get a result of 50, (a) write an inverse function that will
give you the original number and (b) determine the original number.

Solutions:
To find the inverse, you need first to represent a model for the situation
Let 𝑥 be the number that you think of
𝑥 + 4 represents the statement “add four to the number”
(𝑥 + 4)2 represents the statement “square the resulting number”
3(𝑥 + 4)2 represents the statement “multiply the result by 3”
3(𝑥 + 4)2
represents the statement “divide the result by 2”
2
2
Therefore, the model for the situation is f(x) = 3(𝑥 + 4)
2
To find the inverse.
3(𝑥 + 4)2
y= Write 𝑓(𝑥) as y
2
3(𝑦+ 4)2
x= Interchange x and y
2

2x = 4(y + 3)2 Multiply both sides by 2

2𝑥
= (y + 3)2 Multiply both sides by 1
4 4

2𝑥
√ = √(𝑦 + 3)2 Get the square root of both sides
4
2𝑥
√ =y+3
4
𝑥
√ –3=y Apply the addition property of equality
2
𝑥
Therefore, the inverse of the function is 𝑓−1(𝑥) = √ − 3.
2

𝑥
(b) To find the original number, use the inverse of the function 𝑓−1(𝑥) = √ − 3,
2
and evaluate 𝑓−1(50).

19
 50
f-1 (50) = √ –3
2

f-1 (50) = √25 – 3

f-1 (50) = 5 – 3
f-1 (50) = 2
Therefore, the original number is 2.

Example 2
To convert from degrees Fahrenheit to Kelvin, the function is
k(t)= 5(t – 32) + 273.15, where t is the temperature in Fahrenheit (Kelvin is the SI
9
unit of temperature). Find the inverse function converting the temperature in
Kelvin to degrees Fahrenheit

Solution:
The equation of the function is: k= 5(t – 32) + 273.15
9
We do not interchange the variables 𝑘 and 𝑡 because it refers to the
temperatures in Kelvin and Fahrenheit respectively.

Solve for t in terms of k:

Use the given formula

k= 5(t – 32) + 273.15
9
k – 273.15 = 5(t – 32) Apply the addition property of equality
9
9 9
( )k – 273.15 = 5(t – 32) ( )Multiply both sides by 9
5 9 5 5
9
( )k – 273.15 = (t – 32)
5
9 (k – 273.15)+ 32 = t Apply the addition property of equality
5

Therefore, the inverse function is t(k)= 9(k – 273.15) + 32 where k is the

5
temperature in Kelvin

Example 3
The SSG officers of Camohaguin National High School are planning for a JS
Prom. The allocated budget for decorations, sounds, and other miscellaneous
expenses is ₱10,000.00 and an additional ₱150.00 for meal expenses for each
guest. The organization received an amount of ₱40,000.00 from its external
stakeholders.
a. Write the total allocated budget as a function of the number of guests.
b. Find the inverse of the function.
c. State the domain and range for this situation.
d. Find the possible number of guest for a budget of ₱40,000.00

Solutions:
(a) Let 𝑥 be number of guest

20
 𝑓(𝑥) be the allocated budget as a function of the number of guests.
Thus, 𝑓(𝑥) = 10000 + 150𝑥
(b) To find the inverse
y = 10,000 + 150x Write f(x) in terms of y
x = 10,000 + 150y Interchange x and y and solve for y
x – 10,000 = 150y Apply the addition property of equality
X−10,000
=
150y
Divide both sides by 150
150 150
X−10,000
=y
150

Therefore, the inverse of the function is f-1(x) = X−10,000

150

(c) Use the inverse of the function to find the domain and range of the
situation.

X−10,000
f-1(x) =
150
40,000−10,000
f-1(40,000) =
150
f-1(40,000) = 200

Domain : {x ∈ N | 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 200}
Range : {y ∈ R | 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 40,000}
(d) Therefore, for a budget of ₱40,000.00, two hundred (200) students may
attend the JS prom. If there are more than 200 students, the organization needs
to think of other means to raise additional funds for the prom.

Example 4

A Google Play Music allows member to download songs for ₱203.40 pesos each
after paying a monthly service charge of ₱762.75. The total monthly cost C(x) of
the service in peso is C(x) = 762.75 + 203.40x, where x is the number of songs
downloaded.

(a) Find the inverse function

(b) What do 𝑥 and 𝐶−1(𝑥) represent in the context of the inverse function?
(c) How many songs were downloaded if a member’s monthly bill is ₱3813.75?

Solutions:

(a) Use the given equation to find the inverse of the function.
𝐶(𝑥) = 762.75 + 203.40x
y = 762.75 + 203.40x Write 𝐶(𝑥) in terms of y
x = 762.75 + 203.40y Interchange x and y and solve for y
x – 762.75 = 203.40y Apply the addition property of equality
X−762.75
=
203.40y
Divide both sides by 49.50
203.40 203.40
X−762.75
=y
203.40

Therefore, the inverse of the function is 𝐶−1(𝑥) = X−762.75

203.40
21
 (b) 𝑥 is the total monthly cost of the service, and 𝐶−1(𝑥) is the number of
songs downloaded.

(c) 15 songs downloaded if a member’s monthly bill is ₱3,813.75

Example 5
Maria wants to buy a particular breed of bangus. And she is aware that the
weight W (in kilograms) of a particular breed of bangus is related to its length L
(in centimeter). Given this function 𝑊 = (5.32 𝑥 10−3)𝐿2, find its inverse and
determine the approximate length of a bangus that weighs 0.769 kilogram

Solutions:
(a) To find the inverse
𝑊 = (5.32 𝑥 10−3)𝐿2
−3)
𝑊 = (5.32 𝑥 10 𝐿2 Divide both sides by (5.32 𝑥 10−3).
5.32 𝑥 10−3 5.32 𝑥 10−3

𝑊
5.32 𝑥 10−3
= L2

𝑊
√ = √𝐿2 Get the square root of both sides .
5.32 𝑥 10−3

𝑊
√ =L
5.32 𝑥 10−3

𝑊
Therefore, the inverse of the function is L = √
5.32 𝑥 10−3
(b) To determine the approximate length of a bangus that weighs 0.769
𝑊
kilogram , evaluate the inverse f-1(L) =√ when W=0.769 kilograms
5.32 𝑥 10−3

𝑊
L=√
5.32 𝑥 10−3
0.769
L=√
5.32 𝑥 10−3
L ≈12.02

Therefore, the length of a particular breed of bangus is approximately equal to

12.02 cm.

22
Example 6
The balloon is rising vertically and Dennis wants to take a series of photographs.
The distance between Dennis at (B) and the launching point of the balloon (A) is
250 meters. The angle of elevation must change with the height x of the balloon.

B A

(a) Find the angle t as a function of the height x

(b) Find the angle t in degrees when x is equal to 125, 250, 500 and 1000
meters (approximate your answer to 1 decimal place)
(c) Graph t as a function of x.

Solutions:
(a) The opposite and adjacent sides to angle t are x and 250 meters.
tan (t) = 𝑥
250
Use the property of the tangent function and it’s inverse.
tan-1 (tan(t)) = x
Rewrite the equation tan (t) = 𝑥
250
𝑥
tan-1 (tan(t)) = tan -1( )
250

𝑥
Simplify the left side of the equation to obtain t = tan -1( )
250
𝑥
tan-1 (tan(t)) = tan -1( )
250
𝑥
1 (tan(t)) = tan -1( )
𝑡𝑎𝑛 250

𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛 (𝑡) = tan -1( )
𝑡𝑎𝑛 250

𝑥
t = tan -1( )
250
𝑥
Therefore, the angle t as a function of the height x is t = tan -1( )
250

23
 (b) Use your calculator to find the values of 125, 250, 500, and 1000.
125 250 500 1000
t(125) = tan -1( ) t(250) = tan -1( ) t(500) = tan -1( ) t(1000) = tan -1( )
250 250 250 250

t(125) = 26.6° t(250) = 45° t(500) = 63.4° t(1000) = 76°

Table of values

x 0 125 250 500 1000

t 0 26.6° 45° 63.4° 76°

(c)

90
75
The graph of t as a
60 function of x

45

30

15

x
0 125 250 500 1000

24
 What’s More

Read each situation carefully to solve each problem. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
Activity 1.1
The ABS CBN News reports foreign exchange rate are closed on March 13,
2020 at ₱51.25. Therefore the formula that gives Philippine Peso in terms of
US dollars on that day is:
P = 51.25D
Where D represents US dollar and P represents Philippine Peso.

(a) Complete the table by converting U.S. dollar to Peso

$ 1 25 50 100 200

(b) Describe how did you convert US dollars to Peso.

(c) Find the inverse of the function to determine the value of a United
States dollar in terms of Philippine Peso on March 13, 2020.

(d) Interpret and evaluate P (1000) and P-1(1000).

Activity 1.2

The cost of producing laptops by a JOB Company is given by C(x) = 1300x +

5500 (in pesos) where x is the number of produced laptops.

(a) Find the inverse of the function.

(b) How many laptops will produce if the cost is ₱12,000.00?

25
Activity 1.3

(a) Write the inverse of the function which converts temperature from
degree Celsius to degree Fahrenheit.

(b) Find the equivalent temperatures in degree Fahrenheit of the following

20°𝐶, 10°𝐶, 5°𝐶, and 0°𝐶.

(c) Graph the inverse function.

Activity 1.4

Juan is making a collage, and he planned to form a circle by putting together various
pieces of construction paper. Given the formula of the area of the circle 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟2.

(a) Find the inverse of the area in terms of radius.

(b) Use the inverse to find the radius of a circle with an area of 48 cm2.

Activity 1.5

a. How far should the supports be if the bridge is to support 6.5 tons?

b. Construct an inverse function to determine the result.

26
Individual Assessment 1

Read and understand the situation below, and make a complete plan to solve
Mang Jose’s problem.

Paint My House!

Mang Jose wants to paint the exterior of his house. He needs to know how
many gallons of paint he would need. So, he asks his friend Juan to help him,
according to Juan one (1) gallon of paint can cover an area of 250 square feet.
Help Mang Jose prepare a budget for his project if his house exterior is 2700
square feet. Do a research on the different prices of one (1) gallon of paint
depending on its brand name and choice of colors. Make a proposal budget
for three (3) different colors of paint with its corresponding brand name.

Your output will be graded using this rubric.

CRITERIA EXCELLENT SATISFACTORY DEVELOPING BEGINNING

4 points 3 points 2 points 1point

Accuracy of the Shows accurate Shows solution and Shows solution The solution and
Solution solution and estimation of the and estimation estimation of the
estimation of possible expenses of the possible possible expenses
the possible with minimal expenses with are all erroneous.
expenses. errors. plenty of errors.

Mathematical Shows excellent Shows clear Shows limited Did not apply the
Concept understanding understanding of understanding of concept of solving
of the concept the concept of the concept of real-life problems
of solving real- solving real-life solving real-life involving inverse
life problems problems involving problems functions.
involving inverse functions. involving inverse
inverse functions.
functions and
other concepts
related to the
problem.
References
Raiza Ann E. Lipardo, General Mathematics Alternative Delivery Mode, First Edition, 2020

Azalea A. Gallano, General Mathematics Alternative Delivery Mode, First Edition, 2020

Baby Jane B. Agudo, General Mathematics Alternative Delivery Mode, First Edition, 2020

OnlineLearningMath.com 2005

Oshawa, Ontario L1G 0C5 One-to-one Functions Simcoe Street North Canada 2000

Roberts, Donna. MathBitsNotebook.com , 2020

LovetoKnow, 2020 https://examples.yourdictionary.com/one-to-one-relationship-

examples.html

https://math.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Calculus/Map%3A_Calculus_-
_Early_Transcendentals_(Stewart)/01%3A_Functions_and_Models/1.01%3A_Four_
Ways_to_Represent_a_Function

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/waymakerintermediatealgebra/chapter/using-
the-vertical-line-test/
http://www.icoachmath.com/math_dictionary/one-to-one-function.html

Dimasuay, Lynie, et. al. 2016. General Mathematics. Philippines: C & E Publishing,
Inc.

Verzosa, Debbie Marie, et.al. 2016. General Mathematics: Learner’s Material, First
Edition. Philippines: Lexicon Press Inc.

GUIDE FOR OUTPUTS FOR WEEK 4 (OCTOBER 4-8, 2021)

LESSON 1 – Individual Assessment 1 page 6

LESSON 2 - Individual Assessment 1 page 8

LESSON 3 - Individual Assessment 1 page 14

LESSON 4 - Individual Assessment 1 page 27