CELL : THE UNIT OF LIFE

What is a cell?

1. Which of the following statements are correct?

I. Occurrence of different types of tissues, organs and organ system results in division of
labour
II. A new cell always develops by the division of a pre-existing cells
III. Cells are totipotent
IV. Cell is the smallest unit, capable of independent existence and performing the essential
functions of life
The correct option is
a) I, II and III b) I, III and IV c) II, III and IV d) I, II, III and IV

Cell Theory

2. Nobody can have life if its constituent parts are not formed of cells. It was observed by

a) Robert Hooke b) Mathias Schleiden c) Lamarck d) Louis Pasteur

3. ‘𝑂𝑚𝑛𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑙𝑎-𝑒-𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑙𝑎’ (all cells arises from pre-existing cells). This concept was given by

a) Schleiden and Schwann b) Virchow

c) Robert Brown d) Leeuwenhoek

4. Schleiden (1838) proposed that cell is the structural and functional unit of life. His idea was
a/an
a) Assumption b) Generalisation c) Hypothesis d) Observation

5. …… are an exception to cell theory

a) Bacteria b) Fungi c) Viruses d) Lichens

6. Schwann proposed a cell theory according to which

a) Each cell of the body posseses the same genetic information

b) All life activities of the organisms are present in miniature form in each and every cell of
its body
c) Bodies of animals and plants are made up of cells and their products

d) A new cell always develops by the division of pre-existing cells

7. Robert Hooke developed a microscope with which he studied the internal structures of the
cell. His work is famous for the study of
a) Cork cells b) Onion peel cells c) Human cheek cells d) Blood cells
8. Unicellular microscopic organism were first studied by

a) Pasteur b) Priestley c) Robert Hooke d) Leeuwenhoek

Overview of cell

9. In protoplasm, fat store in the form of

a) Polypeptide b) Triglyceride c) Polysaccharide d) Nucleoside

10. Organisation of a cell has not been achieved in

a) Bacteriophage b) Bacteria c) Diatom d) Amoeba

11. Difference between prokaryote and eukaryote is in

a) Cell size b) Cell shape

c) Chemical composition of protoplasm d) Organisation of nuclear material

12. Which of the following statements are correct?

I. Human RBC is about 7.0 μm in diameter
II. Cytoplasm is the main arena of cellular activities
III. The shape of the cells may vary with the function they perform
IV. Various chemical reactions occur in cytoplasm to keep the cell in the living state
Choose the correct option
a) I, III and IV b) I, IV and II c) I, II, III and IV d) II, III and IV

Prokaryotic cells

13. During DNA replication in prokaryotes, DNA is anchored to

a) Chromosome b) Mesosome c) Nucleolus d) Ribosome

14. Glycocalyx (mucilage sheath) of a bacterial cell may occur in the form of a loose sheath
called …A… or it may be thick and tough called …B…
Choose the correct pair from the given option
a) A-capsule; B-slime layer b) A-slime layer, B-capsule

c) A-mesosome; B-capsule d) A-mesosome, B-slime layer

15. Most of the bacterial cell envelope consists of

a) Only glycocalyx

b) A tightly bound three layered structure

c) The cell membrane

d) Cell wall and cell membrane

16. The largest subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes is

a) 30S b) 40S c) 50S d) 60S

17. Which of the following pair is mismatched?

a) Capsule – Thick and tough glycocalyx

b) Slime layer – Loose glycocalyx

c) Pilli – Motility organ

d) Bacterial cells – Motile or non-motile

18. The type of ribosomes found in prokaryotes is

a) 70S type b) 80S type c) 30S type d) 50S type

19. Which one of the following organisms is not an example of eukaryotic cells?

a) 𝐸𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑖 b) 𝐸𝑢𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑎 𝑣𝑖𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑠

c) 𝐴𝑚𝑜𝑒𝑏𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑢𝑠 d) 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑚

20. Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

a) Pilli – involved in locomotion

b) Cell wall – protective, determines shape, prevents from bursting

c) Glycocalyx – may be capsule or slime layer

d) Flagella, pilli and fimbriae – surface structures of bacterial cell

21. I. It is the extension of plasma membrane into the cytoplasm

II. It helps in cell wall formation, DNA replication, respiration, secretion processes,
increases the surface area of plasma membrane and enzymatic contents. It also helps in
cytokinesis
III. It I the characteristic of bacterial cells
The above features are attributed to bacteria
a) Plasmid b) Nucleoid c) Mesosome d) Pilus

22. Subunits of 80 S ribosome are

a) 40 S b) 60 S c) Both (a) and (b) d) None of these

23. The four basic shapes of bacteria are

a) Amoeboid, elongated, biconcave and b) Elongated, bacillus, biconcave and amoeboid

coccus
c) Bacillus, coccus, vibrio and spirillum d) Bacillus, amoeboid, elongated and coccus

Eukaryotic cells

24. Which of the following is correct for middle lamella of eukaryotic cell?

a) It is formed as a cell plate during cytokinesis

b) It is mainly consists of Ca-pectate

c) It holds different neighbouring cells together

d) All of the above

25. In eukaryotic cells, genetic material or DNA is organised into

a) Chromosomes b) Chromatin

c) Chromosomes and chromatin d) None of the above

26. Plant cell may be without

a) Plastids b) Vacuoles c) Centrioles d) Cell wall

27. The chemical substances found most abundantly on the middle lamella are released into the
phragmoplast by
a) Endoplasmic reticulum b) Golgi complex

c) Spindle fragments d) Interzonal fibres

Cell membrane

28. Cell membrane is made up of

a) Protein b) Cellulose

c) Lipids d) Lipids, carbohydrates and protein

29. Primary wall of eukaryotic cell is …A… layered but secondary wall is …B… layered
Here, A and B refer to
a) A-three, B-more than three b) A-two, B-single

c) A-two, B-at least three d) A-single, B-two

30. In eukaryotic cell, plasmodesma is lined by plasma membrane. It encloses tubular extension
of endoplasmic reticulum called
a) Microtubule b) Microfilament c) Tubule d) Desmotubule

31. The plasma membrane consists mainly of

a) Phospholipids embedded in a protein bilayer

b) Proteins embedded in a phospholipid bilayer

c) Proteins embedded in a polymer of glucose molecules

d) Proteins embedded in a carbohydrate bilayer

32. Which of the following enzymes helps in crossing plasma membrane?

a) Protease b) Pepsin c) Dehydrogenase d) Permease

33. Lipid molecules in plasma membrane are arranged in which manner?

a) Scattered b) Series c) Alternate d) Head parallel

34. In eubacteria, a celluler component that resembles eukaryotic cells is

a) Nucleus b) Ribosomes c) Cell wall d) Plasma membrance

35. Cell membrane of eukaryotes is composed of

a) Carbohydrates and proteins b) Proteins and lipids

c) Carbohydrates and lipids d) Carbohydrates, lipids and proteins

36. The fluidity of membranes in a plant in cold weather may be maintained by

a) Increasing the number of phospholipids with unsaturated hydrocarbon tails

b) Increasing the proportion of integral proteins

c) Increasing concentration of cholesterol in membrane

d) Increasing the number of phospholipids with saturated hydrocarbon tail

Cell Wall

37. Cell wall consists of

a) Lignin, hemicellulose, protein and lipid b) Hemicelluloses, cellulose, tubulin and

lignin
c) Lignin, hemicelluloses, pectin and lipid d) Lignin, hemicelluloses, pectin and cellulose
38. Pits are formed on the cell wall is due to lack of

a) Cell plate b) Primary wall material

c) Secondary wall material d) Middle lamellum

MITOCHONDRIA

39. The infoldings in mitochondria are known as

a) Cristae b) Matrix c) Cisternae d) Thylakoids

40. The ‘Power house’ of cell is

a) Mitochondria b) Lysosome c) Ribosome d) Golgi complex

41. Cell wall consists of

a) Lignin, hemicellulose, protein and lipid b) Hemicelluloses, cellulose, tubulin and

lignin
c) Lignin, hemicelluloses, pectin and lipid d) Lignin, hemicelluloses, pectin and cellulose

42. Go through the sectional view of a mitochondrion showing the different parts and identify
the structures 𝐴 to 𝐸

a) A-Outer membrane, B-Inner membrane, C-Matrix, D-Inter membrane space, E-Crista

b) A-Outer membrane, B-Inner membrane, C-Inter-membrane space, D-Matrix, E-Crista

c) A-Outer membrane, B-Inner membrane, C-Matrix, D-Crista, E-Inter membrane space

d) A-Outer membrane, B-Inner membrane, C-Crista, D-Matrix, E-Inter-membrane space

43. Which one of the following has its own DNA?

a) Mitochondria b) Dictyosome c) Lysosome d) Peroxisome

44. F1 -particles present in mitochondria are

a) Episomes b) Spherosomes c) Oxysomes d) Microsomes

45. The term mitochondria was given by
a) Benda b) Altmann c) Palade d) de Duve
46. Which of the following statements regarding mitochondrial membrane is not correct?
a) The outer membrane is permeable to all kinds of molecules
b)The enzymes of the electron transfer chain are embedded in the outer membrane
c) The inner membrane in highly convoluted forming a series of infoldings
d)The outer membrane resembles a sieve

47. F1 -particles comprise of

a) Head and base b) Base and stalk c) Head and stalk d) Head, base and stalk
48. The prokaryotic cell does not contain
a) Chromosome b) Mitochondria c) Plasma membrane d) Ribosome

PLASTIDS

49. The thylakoid in chloroplast are arranged as

a) Interconnected disc b) Interconnected sacs c) Stacked discs d) None of these

50. Three of the following statements regarding cell organelles are correct, while one is wrong.
Which one is wrong?
a) Lysosomes are double membraned b) Endoplasmic reticulum consists of a network
vesicles budded off from Golgi apparatus of membranous tubule and helps in transport,
and contain digestive enzymes synthesis and secretion
c) Leucoplasts are bound by two d) Sphaerosomes are single membrane bound
membranes, lack pigment but contain and are associated with synthesis and storage
their own DNA and protein synthesising of lipids
machinery

51. In eukaryotic cell, thylakoids, if present,

a) Are grouped inside the chloroplasts b) Lies freely in the cytoplasm
c) Lies freely outside the cytoplasm d) Grouped outside the cytoplasm

52. Thylakoids occur inside

a) Mitochondria b) Chloroplast
c) Golgi apparatus d) Endoplasmic reticulum

53. What is the common between chloroplasts, chromoplasts and leucoplasts?

a) Presence of pigments b) Possession of thylakoids and grana
c) Storage of starch, proteins and lipids d) Ability to multiply by a fission-like process
Ribosomes

54. Ribosomal RNA (𝑟RNA) is synthesised in

a) Nucleolus b) Nucleosome c) Cytoplasm d) Ribosome

55. The non-membranous organelles are

a) Centrioles b) Ribosomes c) Nucleolus d) All of these

56. Ribosomes may also be called

a) Microsome b) Dictyosome c) Ribonucleoprotein d) Oxysomes

57. Which one of the following organelles is not surrounded by any membrane?
a) Mitochondrion b) Vacuole
c) Endoplasmic reticulum d) ribosome

58. Which of the following statements are correct?

I. Mycoplasmas are the smallest cells
II. Nerve cells are some of the longest cells
III. Ribosomes are non-membrane bound organelles found only in eukaryotic cells
IV. The cytoplasm is the main arena of cellular activities only in plant cells
a) I, II and III b) I and II c) II and III d) I, II, III and IV

59. Polyribosomes are aggregation of

a) Peroxisomes b) Ribosomes and 𝑟RNA
Several ribosomes help together by a
c) d) 𝑟RNA and 𝑚RNA
string of 𝑚RNA

60. Which cell organelle is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?
a) Ribosome b) Mitochondria c) ER d) Nucleus
Cytoskeleton

61. Spindles are formed by

a) Microtubules b) Endoplasmic reticulum
c) Golgi body d) Peroxisomes

Cilia and Plagella

62. Tubulin protein occurs in

a) Digestive enzymes b) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
c) Thylakoids d) Microtubules
63. In flagella membrane, which enzyme catalysis ATP activity?
a) Cytoplasmic dyenin b) Asconic dynein c) Kinesis d) Myosin

64. Flagella of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ in

a) Type of movement and placement in cell
b) Location in cell and mode of functioning
c) Microtubular organisation and type of movement
d) Microtubular organisation and function

Centrosome and Centrioles

65. Centrioles arise

a) From pre-existing centrioles b) de novo
c) From spherosome d) From nuclear envelope

66. Centrosome is not present in

a) Cell of higher plants b) Cell of lower plants
c) Cell of higher animals d) Cell of lower animals

67. Animal cell contains non-membrane bound organelles called ……which helps in cell division
a) Nucleus b) Centriole c) Mitochondria d) Vacuoles

Nucleus

68. The nucleolus is the site of formation of

a) Spindle fibres b) Chromosomes c) Ribosomes d) Peroxisomes

69. Nucleolus is
a) Rounded structure found in cytoplasm near nucleus
b) Rounded structure inside nucleus and having 𝑟RNA
c) Rod-shaped structure in cytoplasm near the nucleus
d) None of the above

70. The nucleus is separated from surrounding cytoplasm by nuclear membrane, which is
a) Single-layered without pores b) Double-layered with pores
c) Single-layered with pores d) Double-layered without pores
71. Structure of nuclear membrane help in
a) Organisation of the spindle
b) Synapsis of homologous chromosome
c) Nucleo-cytoplasmic exchange of material
d) Anaphasic separation of daughter chromosome

72. Part of chromosome after secondary constriction is called

a) Centriole b) Centromere c) Chromomere d) Satellite

Endomembrane System

73. In plants, vacuole contains

a) Soil b) Water and dissolved substance
c) Cytoplasm d) All of the above

74. Difference between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum is that

a) Rough has ribosomes b) Smooth has ribosomes
c) Smooth takes part in protein synthesis d) Both has F1 - particles

75. Enzyme found functional in lysosome is

a) Acid phosphatase b) Basic phosphatase c) Oxidoreductase d) Liases

76. Single membrane bound organelles are

a) Lysosome b) Spherosome c) Gyloxysome d) All of these
77. Identify the given figure

a) RER b) SER c) GB d) None of these

78 Consider the following statements and choose the correct options

. I. The endomembrane system, include plasma membrane, ER Golgi complex,
lysosomes and vacuoles.
II. ER helps in the transport of substamces, synthesis of proteins, lipoproteins and
glycogen.
III. Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis.
IV. Mitochondria help in oxidative phosphorylation and generation of ATP.
a) II, III and IV correct b) I is correct c) II is correct d) III is correct
79 Which of the following is a part of endomembrane system of eukaryotic cell?
.
a) Peroxisomes b) Chloroplasts c) Mitochondria d) Golgi complex

80 Which one is single membrane cell organelle?

.
a) Endoplasmic reticulum b) Mitochondria
c) Lysosomes d) Chloroplast

81 Membrane that covers the vacuole in a plant cell is called

.
a) Tonoplast b) Tonoplasm c) Jacket d) Cell membrane

82 Smooth endoplasmic reticulum acts as a major site for the synthesis of

.
a) Lipids and steroids b) Proteins c) Ribosomes d) DNA
83. Function of rough endoplasmic reticulum is
a) Fat synthesis b) Protein synthesis c) Starch synthesis d) Autolysis
84. Tonoplast is a membrane, which surrounds
a) Ribosome b) Mitochondria c) Vacuole d) Cytoplasm
85. The main organelle involved in modification and routine of newly synthesised proteins to
their destination is
a) Mitochondria
c) Lysosome
86. The RER in the cell synthesised protein which would be later used in building the plasma
membrane. But it is observed that the protein in the membrane is slightly different from
the protein made in the RER. The protein was probably modified in another cell organelle.
Identify the organelle in the given diagram.

a) D b) A c) B d) C
87. Suicidal bags are
a) Lysosomes b) Golgi bodies c) Ribosomes d) Chloroplast
88. The difference between rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
is that rough endoplasmic recticulum
a) Does not contain ribosomes b)Contains ribosomes
c) Does not transport proteins d)Transport proteins
89. The surface of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is covered with
a) Ribosome b) DNA c) RNA d) Glucose

90. Read the given statements and select the correct option
I. In Golgi complex, the cisternae have 𝑐𝑖𝑠 face and 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 face
II. The 𝑐𝑖𝑠 face and 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 face of Golgi complex are called forming face and maturing face
respectively
a) Statement I is correct and statement II is incorrect
b) Both statements are incorrect
c) Both are correct but statement II is the correct explanation of statement I
d) Both are correct, but statement II is not the correct explanation of statement I