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Model of Communication

oral communication

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Emeron Mantawid
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14 views

Model of Communication

oral communication

Uploaded by

Emeron Mantawid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LASWELL’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

Lasswell’s model of communication, developed by Harold Lasswell in 1948, is one of the earliest and
most influential models in the field. It breaks down the communication process into five key components
by asking the following questions:

1. Who? (Sender)

2. Says What? (Message)

3. In Which Channel? (Medium)

4. To Whom? (Receiver)

5. With What Effect? (Effect)

This model is particularly useful for analyzing mass communication, such as radio, television, and
newspapers12. It helps in understanding how messages are transmitted and received, and the impact
they have on the audience.

One of the strengths of Lasswell’s model is its simplicity and clarity, making it easy to apply to various
types of communication. However, it has been criticized for being too linear and not accounting for
feedback or noise in the communication process

BERLO’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION


Berlo’s SMCR Model of Communication, developed by David Berlo in 1960, is
a linear model that breaks down the communication process into four key
components: Source, Message, Channel, and Receiver.

1. Source: This is where the message originates. The source’s communication


skills, attitudes, knowledge, and social-cultural system influence how
effectively they can encode and send the message.
2. Message: This includes the content of the communication, the elements
(such as language and gestures), the treatment (how the message is
conveyed), the structure (how the message is organized), and the code (the
form in which the message is sent).
3. Channel: This refers to the medium through which the message is
transmitted. It can involve the five senses: seeing, hearing, touching,
smelling, and tasting. The choice of channel can affect how well the message
is received.
4. Receiver: The person or group who decodes and interprets the
message. Like the source, the receiver’s communication skills, attitudes,
knowledge, and social-cultural system play a role in how well they
understand the message12.

This model emphasizes the importance of each component in the


communication process and how various factors can influence the
effectiveness of communication
ARISTOTLE MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION

Aristotle, a great philosopher initiative the earliest mass communication model called “Aristotle’s Model
of Communication”. He proposed model before 300 B.C who found the importance of audience role in
communication chain in his communication model. This model is more focused on public speaking than
interpersonal communication.

Aristotle Model of Communication is formed with 5 basic elements

(i) Speaker, (ii) Speech, (iii) Occasion, (iv) Audience and (v) Effect.

Aristotle advises speakers to build speech for different audience on different time (occasion) and for
different effects.

Speaker plays an important role in Public speaking. The speaker must prepare his speech and analysis
audience needs before he enters into the stage. His words should influence in audience mind and
persuade their thoughts towards him.

Example:

Alexander gave brave speech to his soldiers in the war field to defeat Persian Empire.

Speaker – Alexander

Speech – about his invasion

Occasion – War field

Audience – Soldiers

Effect – To defeat Persia


SHANNON-WEAVER MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION

The Shannon-Weaver Model of Communication, developed by Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver in
1948, is one of the foundational theories in the field of communication. It breaks down the
communication process into several key components:

1. Sender (Information Source): The originator of the message.

2. Encoder: Converts the message into signals (e.g., spoken words, written text).

3. Channel: The medium through which the message is transmitted (e.g., telephone, email).

4. Noise: Any interference that may distort the message during transmission.

5. Decoder: Converts the signals back into the message.

6. Receiver: The destination of the message.

The model emphasizes the importance of encoding and decoding messages accurately to ensure
effective communication. It also highlights how noise can disrupt the communication process
SCHRAMM’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
Schramm's model views communication as a continuous loop where the sender and receiver are equally
important, and both parties encode, decode, and interpret messages. It highlights the significance of
shared experiences and common
understanding for effective communication

Wilbur Schramm, often referred to as the "father of communication studies," developed his model to
better illustrate the interactive process of communication. His work built on earlier models like Shannon
and Weaver's but added essential elements to
Sender

The person or entity that creates and sends the message. The sender encodes the message into symbols
(such as words, images, or gestures) that can be transmitted through a chosen channel

Message

The information, idea, or thought that the sender wants to communicate. The message is encoded into a
form that can be understood by the receiver

Channel

The medium or method used to transmit the message from the sender to the receiver. This could be
verbal (spoken or written words), nonverbal (gestures, facial expressions), or technological (email, social
media)

Receiver

The person or entity that receives themessage. The receiver decodes or interpretsthe message based on
their own field of experience

Field of Experience

- A critical concept in Schramm's model, hefield of experience refers to the accumulated knowledge,
cultural background, and past experiences of the sender and receiver.
Effective communication occurs when there is a significant overlap between the sender's and
receiver's fields of experience

Feedback

The response or reaction of the receiver to the sender's message. Feedback allows the sender to
understand whether the message was correctly interpreted and understood. It can be immediate or
delayed and is crucial for the two-way nature of communication.

Schramm's model is cyclical or circular,


highlighting the continuous flow of
communication. The sender and receiver
roles are interchangeable, meaning that the
receiver of one message can become the
sender of the next, creating a loop of
ongoing communication

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