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Paradigms 2023

Programming Languages and Paradgms

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Akende Muma
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17 views4 pages

Paradigms 2023

Programming Languages and Paradgms

Uploaded by

Akende Muma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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THE UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA School of Natural Science Department of Computer Science Final Exam CSC 3301: Programming Language Principles and Paradigms Date: Wednesday, 14" June 2023 Time: 14:00hrs — 17:00hrs Duration: 3 Hours Instructions 1. This paper has a total of five (5) questions 2. You should answer any four (4) 3. Each question carries 25 Marks. 4. No other exam aids are allowed apart from pens and papers Question 1 A. Why are there so many programming languages? [2 Marks} 8. What are the four main programming language paradigms and how Write code to illustrate your answer. [12 Marks] List and explain at least three main differences between a compiled |: interpreted language? [9 Marks] D. What are the advantages in using an intermediate machine for the impler language; give an example of such a language? [2 Marks] Question 2 ‘A. What is the difference between the lexical struc illustrate with code examples? [2.5 Marks} B. Whats the difference between a regular expres cone is used to specify lexical structure and which one is used to specify syntact of a program? [5 Marks} C. Given the following grammar := + | ::= ? class [10 marks} are they different? language and an mentation of a ture and syntactic structure of a program; sion and a context free grammar? Which tical structure > * | ()| a] BI ¢ public class Marriage { private string couple; public void saySomething(X idoTdo(): y publie void sayTdordo(){ Page 21 Question 3 A. Many languages make distinctions between the storage can be based on the type of the object, where its corresponding variable is declared, or manually specified by a programmer. Common storage duration classes (using C++ ind dynamic. Briefly explain what these duration of different objects. This terminology) include static, automatic, thread-local, a mean. [8 Marks) B. To avoid the prevalence of memory errors in languages that rely memory, some languages provide automatic memory management in the form of garbage collection ‘a, What is garbage collection? (1 Mark] b. What are the two major schemes use Consider the following Python piece of code and answer the questions that f b = object () a = None return How many objects are created by this function? [1 Marks] How many references to a and b exist at line 4? [1 Marks] How many references to a and b exist at line 5? [1 Marks] ‘on programmers to manage .d for garbage collection? [2 Marks] follow oneune What is Reference counting? [1 Marks] Explain one advantage and one disadvantage of Reference counting. [2 Marks] Discuss three disadvantages of garbage collector Finalizers compared to destructors [3 Marks} D. Consider the following C++ piece of code and answer the questions that follow? int x = 3; lint &y = x: cout << &x << endl; lcout << ky << endl; iy es, cout << <¢end1;| doGeone a. Whats printed at lines 4 and 5? (1 Mark] b. What is printed at line 7? [1 Mark] Programming languages differ in how they store variables. Explain the difference between value semantics and reference semantics. (3 Marks) Question 4 For questions A-C, assume that you're writing code from the Scheme Interpreter. Your code must be syntactically correct. ‘A. Consider the following piece of Scheme code and answer the questions that follow Page 3/1 wmypo> i 3" Beal > '(- 3) 3 > (- 3) a. Whatis printed at line 1? [1 Mark] b. Whats printed at line 2? [1 Mark] What is printed at line 3? [1 Mark] The following isa list in Scheme (list 1 23.4). Wri rite a function in Scheme called fetch which when given alist of num returns the number at the given index in the list [5 Marks] D. Define a lst called mylst consisting of 8 numbers of your choice: Call function fetch with mylist as an argument and lett return the fith number in your list. [5 Marks) for variadic functions. te this list as nested pairs. [2 Marks] ers and an index, E. Programming languages have different implementation: 'a.. Write a variadic function in Scheme that returns the average of its argume! Marks} b. Write a variadic function in Scheme that tak names of a child, and returns the full name of each chil instance, if a certain Mr. Tembo has the following childr jevite, and Waza de Measles; given any of these alist. [5 Marks) nts. [5 cs in the last name of a father and id as one list of all names. For ren: Margaret Mwachiyeya, Jessica Kazionele, Jonah de Nin‘ children, your function should return the full name of the child as Question 5 ‘Assume you're writing code from the Scheme interpreter ‘A. Write code in Scheme that ‘a. Defines a pair y of two numbers 5 and 6 [2 Marks] b. Creates another variable z pointing to y [2 Marks] c. Checks ify and z are equivalent [2 Marks} d._ Sets the first number in y to 10 [1 Mark] fe. Prints out the second number in [1 Mark] Define a function in Scheme that takes ina list of tems and returns the length of the items [5 Marks} Functional programming has a few common computational patterns that can be used with lambda functions and applied to sequences, llustrate with code how each of the following works ‘a, Map [4 Marks] b. Reduce [4 Marks] Filter [4 Marks] Page 4|i

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