Sixth Term Examination Papers MATHEMATICS 3

MONDAY 23 JUNE 2008

9475
Afternoon Time: 3 hours

Answer paper Graph paper Formulae booklet

Candidates may not use electronic calculators

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Please read this page carefully, but do not open this question paper until you are told that you may do so. Write your name, Centre number and candidate number in the spaces on the answer booklet. Begin each answer on a new page. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES Each question is marked out of 20. There is no restriction of choice. You will be assessed on the six questions for which you gain the highest marks. You are advised to concentrate on no more than six questions. Little credit will be given for fragmentary answers. You are provided with Mathematical Formulae and Tables. Electronic calculators are not permitted.

Please wait to be told you may begin before turning this page.

This question paper consists of 7 printed pages and 1 blank page.

[Turn over

Section A:

Pure Mathematics

Find all values of a, b, x and y that satisfy the simultaneous equations a+b =1
1 3 1 5 1 7

ax + by = ax2 + by 2 = ax3 + by 3 =

[ Hint: you may wish to start by multiplying the second equation by x + y. ]

Let Sk (n)

r=0

rk , where k is a positive integer, so that S1 (n) 1 n(n + 1) 2

and

S2 (n) 1 n(n + 1)(2n + 1) . 6

(i)

By considering

k k k kSk1 (n) = (n + 1) (n + 1) Sk2 (n) Sk3 (n) S1 (n) . () 2 3 k1

(r + 1)k rk , show that

Obtain simplied expressions for S3 (n) and S4 (n). (ii) Explain, using (), why Sk (n) is a polynomial of degree k + 1 in n. Show that in this polynomial the constant term is zero and the sum of the coecients is 1.

The point P (a cos , b sin ), where a > b > 0, lies on the ellipse x2 y 2 + 2 = 1. a2 b The point S(ea , 0), where b2 = a2 (1 e2 ) , is a focus of the ellipse. The point N is the foot of the perpendicular from the origin, O, to the tangent to the ellipse at P . The lines SP and ON intersect at T . Show that the y-coordinate of T is b sin . 1 + e cos Show that T lies on the circle with centre S and radius a.

UCLES 2008

9475 Jun08

3
4 (i) Show, with the aid of a sketch, that y > tanh(y/2) for y > 0 and deduce that x1 arcosh x > x2 1 (ii) for x > 1. ()

x1 for x > 1. By integrating (), show that arcosh x > 2 x2 1 x2 1 for x > 1. (iii) Show that arcosh x > 3 x+2 [Note: arcosh x is another notation for cosh1 x. ]

The functions Tn (x), for n = 0, 1, 2, . . . , satisfy the recurrence relation Tn+1 (x) 2xTn (x) + Tn1 (x) = 0 Show by induction that (n 1). ()

where f(x) = (T1 (x))2 T0 (x)T2 (x) .

(Tn (x))2 Tn1 (x)Tn+1 (x) = f(x) ,

In the case f(x) 0, determine (with proof) an expression for Tn (x) in terms of T0 (x) (assumed to be non-zero) and r(x), where r(x) = T1 (x)/T0 (x). Find the two possible expressions for r(x) in terms of x.

In this question, p denotes (i) Given that

dy . dx y = p2 + 2xp ,

show by dierentiating with respect to x that 2x dx = 2 . dp p Hence show that x = 2 p + Ap2 , where A is an arbitrary constant. 3

Find y in terms of x if p = 3 when x = 2. (ii) Given instead that

y = 2xp + p ln p ,
1 and that p = 1 when x = 1 , show that x = 2 ln p 4 1 4

and nd y in terms of x.

UCLES 2008

9475 Jun08

[Turn over

4
7 The points A, B and C in the Argand diagram are the vertices of an equilateral triangle described anticlockwise. Show that the complex numbers a, b and c representing A, B and C satisfy 2c = (a + b) + i 3(b a).

Find a similar relation in the case that A, B and C are the vertices of an equilateral triangle described clockwise. (i) The quadrilateral DEF G lies in the Argand diagram. Show that points P , Q, R and S can be chosen so that P DE, QEF , RF G and SGD are equilateral triangles and P QRS is a parallelogram. The triangle LM N lies in the Argand diagram. Show that the centroids U , V and W of the equilateral triangles drawn externally on the sides of LM N are the vertices of an equilateral triangle. [Note: The centroid of a triangle with vertices represented by the complex numbers x, y and z is the point represented by 1 (x + y + z) .] 3

(ii)

(i)

The coecients in the series S = 1 x + 1 x2 + 3 6

+ + ar xr +

satisfy a recurrence relation of the form ar+1 + par = 0. Write down the value of p. By considering (1 + px)S, nd an expression for the sum to innity of S (assuming that it exists). Find also an expression for the sum of the rst n + 1 terms of S. (ii) The coecients in the series T = 2 + 8x + 18x2 + 37x3 + + ar xr + satisfy a recurrence relation of the form ar+2 + par+1 + qar = 0. Find an expression for the sum to innity of T (assuming that it exists). By expressing T in partial fractions, or otherwise, nd an expression for the sum of the rst n + 1 terms of T .

UCLES 2008

9475 Jun08

Section B:

Mechanics

A particle of mass m is initially at rest on a rough horizontal surface. The particle experiences a force mg sin t, where t is time, acting in a xed horizontal direction. The coecient of friction between the particle and the surface is . Given that the particle starts to move rst at t = T0 , state the relation between T0 and . (i) For = 0 , the particle comes to rest for the rst time at t = 1. Sketch the accelerationtime graph for 0 t 1. Show that 1 1 + 1 2 2 0 + 0 arcsin 0 = 0 . 0

(ii)

For = 0 sketch the acceleration-time graph for 0 t 3. Describe the motion of the particle in this case and in the case = 0.

[Note: arcsin x is another notation for sin1 x. ]

10

A long string consists of n short light strings joined together, each of natural length and modulus of elasticity . It hangs vertically at rest, suspended from one end. Each of the short strings has a particle of mass m attached to its lower end. The short strings are numbered 1 to n, the nth short string being at the top. By considering the tension in the rth short string, determine the length of the long string. Find also the elastic energy stored in the long string. A uniform heavy rope of mass M and natural length L0 has modulus of elasticity . The rope hangs vertically at rest, suspended from one end. Show that the length, L, of the rope is given by Mg , L = L0 1 + 2 and nd an expression in terms of L, L0 and for the elastic energy stored in the rope.

UCLES 2008

9475 Jun08

[Turn over

6
11 A circular wheel of radius r has moment of inertia I about its axle, which is xed in a horizontal position. A light string is wrapped around the circumference of the wheel and a particle of mass m hangs from the free end. The system is released from rest and the particle descends. The string does not slip on the wheel. As the particle descends, the wheel turns through n1 revolutions, and the string then detaches from the wheel. At this moment, the angular speed of the wheel is 0 . The wheel then turns through a further n2 revolutions, in time T , before coming to rest. The couple on the wheel due to resistance is constant. Show that and I= 1 0 T = 2n2 2 mgrn1 T 2 4mr2 n2 2 . 4n2 (n1 + n2 )

UCLES 2008

9475 Jun08

Section C:

Probability and Statistics

12

Let X be a random variable with a Laplace distribution, so that its probability density function is given by 1 < x < . () f(x) = e|x| , 2 Sketch f(x). Show that its moment generating function MX () is given by MX () = (1 2 )1 and hence nd the variance of X. A frog is jumping up and down, attempting to land on the same spot each time. In fact, in each of n successive jumps he always lands on a xed straight line but when he lands from the ith jump (i = 1 , 2 , . . . , n) his displacement from the point from which he jumped is Xi cm, where Xi has the distribution (). His displacement from his starting point after n jumps is n Xi ). Each jump is independent of the others. Y cm (so that Y =
i=1

Obtain the moment generating function for Y / 2n and, by considering its logarithm, show that this moment generating function tends to exp( 1 2 ) as n . 2

Given that exp( 1 2 ) is the moment generating function of the standard Normal random vari2 able, estimate the least number of jumps such that there is a 5% chance that the frog lands 25 cm or more from his starting point.

13

A box contains n pieces of string, each of which has two ends. I select two string ends at random and tie them together. This creates either a ring (if the two ends are from the same string) or a longer piece of string. I repeat the process of tying together string ends chosen at random until there are none left. Find the expected number of rings created at the rst step and hence obtain an expression for the expected number of rings created by the end of the process. Find also an expression for the variance of the number of rings created.
1 Given that ln 20 3 and that 1 + 1 + + n ln n for large n, determine approximately the 2 expected number of rings created in the case n = 40 000.

UCLES 2008

9475 Jun08

8 BLANK PAGE

Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate, a department of the University of Cambridge. Cambridge Assessment is a not-for-profit organisation.
9475 Jun08