Application of Artificial Intelligence

and Machine Learning in Library

Operations and Services

Dr. K.P. Singh

Associate Professor
University of Delhi
Email: [email protected]
 Outline
 Pioneers in Artificial Intelligence and Machine  Application of Artificial Intelligence in
Learning
Libraries
 Conceptual Understanding and Definition  Library Expert System
 Component of Artificial Intelligence  Information Retrieval
 KO Applications
 Types of Artificial Intelligence
 Reference Management Tools
 Mind Thinking - Future of Machine Learning  Future of Artificial Intelligence and
 Transitional Phases of Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning
 Expert System  Merits and Demerits
 Natural Language Processing
 Challenges in Machine Learning
 Pattern Recognition
 Robotics
 The Pioneers of Artificial
Intelligence and Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence and Information Age
Contribution of George Boole

(1815-1864)
Developer of Boolean Logic
The foundation of Information Age
Father of Theoretical Computer Science and AI

Alan Mathison Turing

(23rd June 1912 –7th June 1954)

Developer of Turing Machine

 Role of ACM in Computing
Machinery and Artificial Intelligence
Founded in 1947

ACM brings together computing educators, researchers, and professionals

to inspire dialogue, share resources, and address the field's challenges.
 Joint Efforts

Allen Newell Herbert Simon

Conceptualiser of Natural Language Processing

AI – A young discipline, that transformed the society beyond imagination.

 Artificial Intelligence
The subfield of Computer Science concerned with understanding the nature of intelligence and
constructing computer systems capable of intelligence action.
(Winston, 1999)

In other words, the theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks that normally
requires human intelligence such as Visual Perception, Speech Recognition, Decision-Making and
Translation Between Languages.

Artificial Intelligence focuses on:

 Search and Optimization  Computer Vision

 Fuzzy System  Machine Learning and Probabilistic Reasoning,
 Natural Language Processing and Knowledge Planning and Decision-Making
Representation  Neural Works
Components of Artificial Intelligence
 Types of Artificial Intelligence
ANI – Artificial Narrow Intelligence
Comprises of basic/role tasks such as those performed by chatbots,
personal assistants like SIRI by Apple and Alexa by Amazon.

AGI – Artificial General Intelligence

Involves continual learning by the machines.
Self-Driving Cars by Uber, Autopilot by Tesla.

ASI – Artificial Super Intelligence

Consist of Intelligent way smarter than humans.
Such as Robotics, Missiles and Satellites.
Future of Machine Learning towards
Mind Thinking

Artificial Intelligence’s Stages

Application of Artificial Intelligence
 Expert System

A computer program that provides expert advice, decision, or recommended

solution for a given situation.
 Natural Language Processing
Allows a computer to understand the main linguistic concepts within a
question or solution. Its goal is to design and build computer that
analyze, understand and generate language that human use naturally.
The process of establishing a close match between some new stimulus and previously stored
stimulus patterns.
Examples: Bar Code, QR Code, Biometric, etc.
The components of pattern recognition are;
Data Acquisition, Pre-Processing, Feature Extraction, Model Selection and Training, and
Evaluation.
 Robotics

Robot is a mechanical device which performs automation tasks, either according to direct
human supervision or a pre-defined program or a set of general guidelines, using artificial
intelligence techniques.
Artificial Intelligence and its Applications in
Libraries

 An Expert System helps the librarian in realizing the need for

an improvement in the library operations and services. A well
programmed Expert System improve the quality of the
operations and services.

 The Expert System works as a substitute for a reference

librarian.
 Ask Librarian
 Ontology OPAC/ Web OPAC Information Retrieval
System

Thesaurus Databases

Federated Search Optical Character

RFID
Engines Recognition
 Application of Expert Systems
Classification

Sr. No. Expert System Application

Coal SORT  A Knowledge-Based Interface
1
(Semantic Network)  Designed to serve either as a search or an Indexing Tool
 To assign documents to categories automatically
BIOSIS  The indexing languages are structured and practical
2
(an Indexer Aid) representation of information.
 Uses the information in the titles of biological documents.
 Cataloguing and DCMI
Focused on descriptive cataloguing because it is considered rule-based
(AACR2)

A Human-Machine Interface

An Expert System with full cataloguing capability

AI Based Reference Management Tools
 REFSEARCH PLEXUS

 Can be used to teach student’s reference A referral tool used in Public Libraries
skills.
 As a computerized aid for practicing
reference librarians and information
specialists.

POINTER

Directs the users to the reference sources.

 Online Reference Assistance (ORA)

To stimulate the services of an Academic Reference Librarian.

ANSWERMAN
A Knowledge based system to help users for reference questions on Agriculture Topics.
 AI Future Applications…

People sometimes need

help finding information
on your website. A Chat
bot that notices a user
on a page for a long
time can make
recommendations or
hand off to staff
 AI Future Applications
Allow for an interaction If car automation takes
that’s quick and frees up hold, what does that do
time for staff for more to the shipping and
complex and human delivery industry?
needed interactions.

What can we make with the

technology to make the world
a better place?
Advantages of Artificial Intelligence
 Can take on stressful and complex work that humans may struggle/cannot do;
 Can complete task faster than a human can most likely;
 To discover unexplored things. e.g., outer space;
 Less errors and defects;
 Function is infinite.

Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence

 Lack of "human touch”;

 Has the ability to replace human jobs;
 Can malfunction and do the opposite of what they are programmed to do;
 Can be misused leading to mass scale destruction;
 May corrupt younger generation.
Challenges of Artificial Intelligence
THANK YOU