‘Lab VI – Fiber Optics’ Report

ECE 476

Aqeel Madhag

07/24/18

Ramzy Samara

Section 201

07/27/18

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 Goals:

The objectives of this lab were to introduce the basics of plastic waveguides, fibers, and

the fiber coupler. These basics include an understanding of numerical aperture, the fractional

index difference, and the maximum incident angle which are paramount in propagating optical

signals through both waveguides and fibers efficiently. An understanding of these basics will

allow for maintenance of total internal reflection within the waveguide or fiber, data loss when

and when not coupling fibers and packet transmission through frequency modulation.

Accomplishments:

In this lab, we learned the basics of plastic waveguides, fibers, and the fiber coupler and

their applications. Plastic waveguide fibers can be used to transmit signals relatively short

distances with little to no time delay yet with quite a bit of attenuation per unit length for

multimode fibers. The particular transmitter/receiver system used in lab highlights how packets

of data can be sent and received using optical signals as well as modulated electrical signals.

Discussion:

III. Procedure (Part A: Optical Fiber Coupling – Set-up) – Deliverable Questions

4) Output Power (Class II He-Ne laser) = 356.3 [μW]

6) Length (first optical fiber section) = 73.9 [cm]

III. Procedure (Part A: Optical Fiber Coupling – Experiment) – Deliverable

Questions

1) Maximum Output Power (first optical fiber section) = 102.9 [μW]

α = (10/L) log(Pin/Pout) [dB/m]
∴ α = (10/0.739) log[(356.3 x 10-6)/(102.9 x 10-6) [dB/m]

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 ∴ α = 7.29906[dB/m]

2) Numerical Aperture, NA = √ n −n
2
1
2
2 ;
From Table 1: Refractive indices (see ‘Lab VI – Fiber Optics’ p. 3),
n1 = 1.35 (Fluorine Polymer) and n2 = 1.49 (Polymethyl Methacrylate)
Numerical Aperture (first optical fiber section) = √ 1.49 −1.35 = 0.630555
2 2

3) Length (second optical fiber section) = 90.4 [cm]

Maximum Output Power (second optical fiber section) = 105.9 [μW]
α = (10/L) log(Pin/Pout) [dB/m]
∴ α = (10/0.904) log[(356.3 x 10-6)/(105.9 x 10-6) [dB/m]
∴ α = 5.82876 [dB/m]
Maximum Output Light Power (both optical fiber sections connected together) =

17.05 [μW]
α = (10/(L1+L2+Lcoupling) log(Pin/Pout) [dB/m]
∴ α = (10/L) log[(356.3 x 10-6)/(29.1 x 10-6)] [dB/m]
∴ α = 10.87923/L [dB/m]
dBT = dB1 + dB2 + coupling
∴ coupling = dBT – (dB1 + dB2) = 10.87923 – 5.394 – 5.2692 = 0.21603 [dB]

III. Procedure (Part B: Transmitter and Receiver System – Set-up) – Deliverable

Questions

8) When the function generator is set to a frequency of 1 Hz and the +5V connection to

the transmitter terminal is replaced by the output of the function generator, the LED is observed

to turn on and off.

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 9)

Verified.

III. Procedure (Part B: Transmitter and Receiver System – Experiment) –

Deliverable Questions

(See ‘Results’ for time delay data).

1) Δt1 = (0.01 x 0.1 ms) = 1 [μs]; Δt2 = (0.4 x 0.1 ms) = 40 [μs]
1 1 1
2) fmax (estimate) = t max = t 1 +t 2 = ( 1+ 40 ) [ μs] = 24.39024 [KHz]

fmax (measured) = 26 [KHz]

error = 100%*|C-M|/M = (100%)*|24.39024 – 26|/26 = 6.19%
(Δt2 – Δt1) ≈ Δt1/2
∴ (40 – 1)[μs] = 39 [μs] ≈ Δt1/2
1 1
B ≈ 2 ∆ τ 1 = 2(39× 10−6) = 12.820512[Kb s-1]
2

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 Note: All errors discussed above are attributed to unfamiliarity with the lab apparatus

and human error.

Results:

Time delay of input to output of system.

Raw data:

(See attached sheet labeled ‘Raw Data’).

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