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Environment and Ecosystem

Life sciences grade 10 notes term 3.

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16 views15 pages

Environment and Ecosystem

Life sciences grade 10 notes term 3.

Uploaded by

rukudzokadira
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Grade 10 Life sciences

Topic: Biosphere to Ecosystem

Sub-topic: Environment and Ecosystems

BY: W.E. MAYA


The Environment
Terminologies:
• Environment is everything which surrounds an organism and could
possibly influence it.
• Organism is the individual living plant and animal.
• Community comprises all the plant and animal populations which
occupy a particular area.
• Population is the group of individuals of the same
species living in the same place at the same time.
THE ECOSYSTEM
• Ecosystem is a particular area in which living components interact with
each other and with non-living components.
• Ecology is the study of interactions or relationships between living
organisms with each other and with the non-living components.

• The habitat is the natural place in an environment in which a given plant


or animal usually lives. (terrestrial or aquatic)
COMPONENTS OF THE ECOSYSTEM
• An ecosystem consists of two main components

1. Biotic: are living organisms such as plants, animals and microorganisms.

2. Abiotic: are non-living components such as soil, water, temperature and


sunlight.

• Biotic and abiotic factors interact amongst themselves and with each other
in a way that helps to balance the energy flow
in the ecosystem.
COMPONENTS OF ECOSYSTEM
BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC FACTORS
An example of an ecosystem
ACTIVITY 1.1
Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions.
Choose the correct answer and write only the letter (A to D) next to the
question number.
1.1.1 In an ecosystem, the producers get their energy from the…
A consumers C rotten leaves
B decomposers D sunlight

1.1.2 Which of the following is not an abiotic


factor in an ecosystem?
A Light C pH
B Micro-organism D Temperature
ACTIVITY 1.1

1.1.3 A population is made up of...


A individuals of the same species C ecosystems
B communities D different species

1.1.4 Which one of the following does not occur as an abiotic component in
the ecosystem?
A Oxygen in the atmosphere
B Height above the see level
C Bacteria in the soil
D Water vapour in the atmosphere
ACTIVITY 1.2
Give the correct biological terminology for each of the following
descriptions.
1.2.1 The study of the interaction between different living organisms and
between them and their environment.
Ecology
1.2.2 The non-living factors in an ecosystem
Abiotic
1.2.3 An area in which there is an interaction between
biotic and abiotic factors
Ecosystem
ACTIVITY 1.2
Give the correct biological terminology for each of the following
descriptions.
1.2.4 The group of individuals of the same species living
in same place at the same time.
Population
ACTIVITY 1.3
Study the diagram of an ecosystem and answer the questions.

Label TWO abiotic factors and THREE biotic factors (5)


ACTIVITY 1.4
The table below show the average monthly rainfall of three towns, A, B and C in
South Africa. Answer the questions based on it.
1. Identify the:
(a) Independent variable
Months
(b) Dependant variable
Rainfall

2. In which months were the rainfall the same at B?


March and April
ACTIVITY 1.4

Draw a bar graph of the average rainfall in


town B from January to June. (6)
THE END

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