Lecture Notes on Advanced Data Structures

Slide 1: Title Slide

 Title: Advanced Data Structures
 Subtitle: Bellman-Ford Algorithm, Segment Tree, Red-Black Tree, Expression
Tree, Binary Indexed Tree, B-Tree
 Author: [Your Name]
 Date: [Date]

Slide 2: Table of Contents

 Title: Table of Contents
 Content:
1. Bellman-Ford Algorithm
2. Segment Tree
3. Red-Black Tree
4. Expression Tree
5. Binary Indexed Tree (Fenwick Tree)
6. B-Tree
7. Conclusion
8. Q&A
9. References

Slide 3: Bellman-Ford Algorithm - Introduction

 Title: Bellman-Ford Algorithm
 Content:
o Purpose: Find shortest paths in graphs with negative edge weights
o Key features: Handles negative weights, detects negative cycles
 Image Link: Bellman-Ford Graph Example

Slide 4: Bellman-Ford Algorithm - Key Steps

 Title: Bellman-Ford Algorithm - Key Steps
 Content:
o Initialization:
 Set distance to source vertex to 0
 Set distances to all other vertices to infinity
 Set predecessors to null
 Image Link: Initialization Step

Slide 5: Bellman-Ford Algorithm - Relaxation

 Title: Bellman-Ford Algorithm - Relaxation
 Content:
o Relaxation:
 Repeat for |V| - 1 iterations:
 For each edge (u, v) with weight w:
 If d[u] + w < d[v], update d[v] to d[u] + w and set
π[v] to u
  Image Link: Relaxation Step

Slide 6: Bellman-Ford Algorithm - Negative Cycle Detection

 Title: Bellman-Ford Algorithm - Negative Cycle Detection
 Content:
o Negative Cycle Detection:
 Perform one more pass:
 For each edge (u, v) with weight w:
 If d[u] + w < d[v], a negative cycle exists
 Image Link: Negative Cycle Example

Slide 7: Bellman-Ford Algorithm - Pseudocode

 Title: Bellman-Ford Algorithm - Pseudocode
 Content:
Copy Code
function BellmanFord(G, s):
# G is the graph and s is the source vertex

# Step 1: Initialization
for each vertex v in G:
if v is s:
d[v] = 0
else:
d[v] = ∞
π[v] = null

# Step 2: Relaxation
for i from 1 to |V| - 1:
for each edge (u, v) in G:
if d[u] + w(u, v) < d[v]:
d[v] = d[u] + w(u, v)
π[v] = u

# Step 3: Negative Cycle Detection

for each edge (u, v) in G:
if d[u] + w(u, v) < d[v]:
return "Negative cycle detected"

return d, π
 Flow Chart Link: Bellman-Ford Flowchart

Slide 8: Bellman-Ford Algorithm - Complexity

 Title: Bellman-Ford Algorithm - Complexity
 Content:
o Time Complexity: O(VE)
o Space Complexity: O(V)
  Image Link: Big-O Notation

Slide 9: Segment Tree - Introduction

 Title: Segment Tree
 Content:
o Purpose: Efficient range queries and updates over an array
o Key features: Each node represents an interval
 Image Link: Segment Tree Structure

Slide 10: Segment Tree - Key Concepts

 Title: Segment Tree - Key Concepts
 Content:
o Structure:
 Root represents the entire array
 Leaves represent single elements
 Intermediate nodes represent the union of their children's
intervals
 Image Link: Segment Tree Intervals

Slide 11: Segment Tree - Operations

 Title: Segment Tree - Operations
 Content:
o Build: Construct the segment tree from the input array
o Query: Retrieve information from a range of indices
o Update: Modify a single element or a range of elements
 Image Link: Segment Tree Operations

Slide 12: Segment Tree - Pseudocode

 Title: Segment Tree - Pseudocode
 Content:
Copy Code
function buildSegmentTree(arr):
# Construct the segment tree from the array

function querySegmentTree(node, left, right, queryLeft, queryRight):

# Perform a range query

function updateSegmentTree(node, index, value):

# Update the value at a specific index
 Flow Chart Link: Segment Tree Flowchart

Slide 13: Segment Tree - Complexity

 Title: Segment Tree - Complexity
 Content:
o Build: O(n)
o Query: O(log n)
 o Update: O(log n)
 Image Link: Big-O Notation for Segment Tree

Slide 14: Red-Black Tree - Introduction

 Title: Red-Black Tree
 Content:
o Purpose: Self-balancing binary search tree
o Key features: Maintains balance through coloring nodes
 Image Link: Red-Black Tree Structure

Slide 15: Red-Black Tree - Properties

 Title: Red-Black Tree - Properties
 Content:
o Properties:
 Every node is either red or black
 The root is always black
 If a node is red, its children must be black
 Every path from a node to its descendants' leaves contains the
same number of black nodes
 Image Link: Red-Black Tree Properties

Slide 16: Red-Black Tree - Operations

 Title: Red-Black Tree - Operations
 Content:
o Insert: Add a new node while maintaining red-black properties
o Delete: Remove a node while maintaining red-black properties
o Search: Find a node with a specific key
 Image Link: Red-Black Tree Operations

Slide 17: Red-Black Tree - Pseudocode

 Title: Red-Black Tree - Pseudocode
 Content:
Copy Code
function insertRedBlackTree(node, key):
# Insert a new node

function deleteRedBlackTree(node, key):

# Delete a node

function searchRedBlackTree(node, key):

# Search for a node
 Flow Chart Link: Red-Black Tree Flowchart

Slide 18: Red-Black Tree - Complexity

 Title: Red-Black Tree - Complexity
  Content:
o Insert: O(log n)
o Delete: O(log n)
o Search: O(log n)
 Image Link: Big-O Notation for Red-Black Tree

Slide 19: Expression Tree - Introduction

 Title: Expression Tree
 Content:
o Purpose: Represent and evaluate arithmetic expressions
o Key features: Leaves represent operands, internal nodes represent
operators
 Image Link: Expression Tree Structure

Slide 20: Expression Tree - Key Concepts

 Title: Expression Tree - Key Concepts
 Content:
o Structure:
 Leaves: Operands
 Internal nodes: Operators
 Image Link: Expression Tree Operands and Operators

Slide 21: Expression Tree - Operations

 Title: Expression Tree - Operations
 Content:
o Build: Construct the expression tree from an expression
o Evaluate: Compute the value of the expression
 Image Link: Expression Tree Operations

Slide 22: Expression Tree - Pseudocode

 Title: Expression Tree - Pseudocode
 Content:
Copy Code
function buildExpressionTree(expression):
# Construct the expression tree

function evaluateExpressionTree(node):
# Evaluate the expression
 Flow Chart Link: Expression Tree Flowchart

Slide 23: Expression Tree - Complexity

 Title: Expression Tree - Complexity
 Content:
o Build: O(n)
o Evaluate: O(n)
 Image Link: Big-O Notation for Expression Tree
Slide 24: Expression Tree vs. Red-Black Tree
 Title: Expression Tree vs. Red-Black Tree
 Content:
o Differences:
 Red-Black Tree: Efficient search, insert, and delete operations
 Expression Tree: Represent and evaluate arithmetic expressions
 Image Link: Comparison Table

Slide 25: Binary Indexed Tree (Fenwick Tree) - Introduction

 Title: Binary Indexed Tree (Fenwick Tree)
 Content:
o Purpose: Efficient cumulative frequency counting and updating
o Key features: Each element stores cumulative frequency of a range
 Image Link: Binary Indexed Tree Structure

Slide 26: Binary Indexed Tree - Key Concepts

 Title: Binary Indexed Tree - Key Concepts
 Content:
o Structure:
 Represented as an array
 Each element stores cumulative frequency
 Image Link: Binary Indexed Tree Cumulative Frequencies

Slide 27: Binary Indexed Tree - Operations

 Title: Binary Indexed Tree - Operations
 Content:
o Build: Construct the binary indexed tree from an array
o Query: Retrieve the cumulative frequency up to a given index
o Update: Modify the frequency of an element
 Image Link: [Binary Indexed Tree Operations](https://example.com/
binary-indexed-tree-operations.png)

Slide 28: Binary Indexed Tree - Pseudocode

 Title: Binary Indexed Tree - Pseudocode
 Content:
Copy Code
function buildBinaryIndexedTree(arr):
# Construct the binary indexed tree

function queryBinaryIndexedTree(index):
# Retrieve the cumulative frequency

function updateBinaryIndexedTree(index, value):

# Update the frequency of an element
 Flow Chart Link: Binary Indexed Tree Flowchart
Slide 29: Binary Indexed Tree - Complexity
 Title: Binary Indexed Tree - Complexity
 Content:
o Build: O(n)
o Query: O(log n)
o Update: O(log n)
 Image Link: Big-O Notation for Binary Indexed Tree

Slide 30: B-Tree - Introduction

 Title: B-Tree
 Content:
o Purpose: Self-balancing tree for sorted data
o Key features: Efficient search, insert, and delete operations
 Image Link: B-Tree Structure

Slide 31: B-Tree - Key Concepts

 Title: B-Tree - Key Concepts
 Content:
o Structure:
 Each node can have multiple children
 Each node (except root) must have at least m/2 children
 The root must have at least 2 children
 Image Link: B-Tree Node Properties

Slide 32: B-Tree - Operations

 Title: B-Tree - Operations
 Content:
o Search: Find a key in the B-tree
o Insert: Add a new key to the B-tree
o Delete: Remove a key from the B-tree
 Image Link: B-Tree Operations

Slide 33: B-Tree - Pseudocode

 Title: B-Tree - Pseudocode
 Content:
Copy Code
function searchBtree(node, key):
# Search for a key

function insertBtree(node, key):

# Insert a new key

function deleteBtree(node, key):

# Delete a key
 Flow Chart Link: B-Tree Flowchart
Slide 34: B-Tree - Complexity
 Title: B-Tree - Complexity
 Content:
o Search: O(log n)
o Insert: O(log n)
o Delete: O(log n)
 Image Link: Big-O Notation for B-Tree

Slide 35: Conclusion

 Title: Conclusion
 Content:
o Summary of advanced data structures and their applications
o Importance of choosing the right data structure for a given problem
 Image Link: Summary Table of Data Structures

Slide 36: Q&A

 Title: Q&A
 Content:
o Open the floor for questions and discussions
 Image Link: Question Mark Icon

Slide 37: References

 Title: References
 Content:
o List of references and further reading materials
 Image Link: Books and Research Papers Icons

Slide 38: Thank You

 Title: Thank You
 Content:
o Thank the audience for their attention
 Image Link: Thank You Message with Handshake Icon

Slide 39: Bellman-Ford Algorithm - Example

 Title: Bellman-Ford Algorithm - Example
 Content:
o Step-by-step example of applying the Bellman-Ford algorithm to a
graph
 Image Link: Bellman-Ford Example

Slide 40: Segment Tree - Example

 Title: Segment Tree - Example
 Content:
o Step-by-step example of building and querying a segment tree
  Image Link: Segment Tree Example

Slide 41: Red-Black Tree - Example

 Title: Red-Black Tree - Example
 Content:
o Step-by-step example of inserting and deleting nodes in a red-black
tree
 Image Link: Red-Black Tree Example

Slide 42: Expression Tree - Example

 Title: Expression Tree - Example
 Content:
o Step-by-step example of building and evaluating an expression tree
 Image Link: Expression Tree Example

Slide 43: Binary Indexed Tree - Example

 Title: Binary Indexed Tree - Example
 Content:
o Step-by-step example of building and querying a binary indexed tree
 Image Link: Binary Indexed Tree Example

Slide 44: B-Tree - Example

 Title: B-Tree - Example
 Content:
o Step-by-step example of searching, inserting, and deleting in a B-tree
 Image Link: B-Tree Example

Slide 45: Bellman-Ford Algorithm - Applications

 Title: Bellman-Ford Algorithm - Applications
 Content:
o Real-world applications of the Bellman-Ford algorithm
 Image Link: Bellman-Ford Applications

Slide 46: Segment Tree - Applications

 Title: Segment Tree - Applications
 Content:
o Real-world applications of the segment tree
 Image Link: Segment Tree Applications

Slide 47: Red-Black Tree - Applications

 Title: Red-Black Tree - Applications
 Content:
o Real-world applications of the red-black tree
 Image Link: Red-Black Tree Applications
Slide 48: Expression Tree - Applications
 Title: Expression Tree - Applications
 Content:
o Real-world applications of the expression tree
 Image Link: Expression Tree Applications

Slide 49: Binary Indexed Tree - Applications

 Title: Binary Indexed Tree - Applications
 Content:
o Real-world applications of the binary indexed tree
 Image Link: Binary Indexed Tree Applications

Slide 50: B-Tree - Applications

 Title: B-Tree - Applications
 Content:
o Real-world applications of the B-tree
 Image Link: B-Tree Applications

Slide 51: Bellman-Ford Algorithm - Limitations

 Title: Bellman-Ford Algorithm - Limitations
 Content:
o Limitations and when not to use the Bellman-Ford algorithm
 Image Link: Bellman-Ford Limitations

Slide 52: Segment Tree - Limitations

 Title: Segment Tree - Limitations
 Content:
o Limitations and when not to use the segment tree
 Image Link: Segment Tree Limitations

Slide 53: Red-Black Tree - Limitations

 Title: Red-Black Tree - Limitations
 Content:
o Limitations and when not to use the red-black tree
 Image Link: Red-Black Tree Limitations

Slide 54: Expression Tree - Limitations

 Title: Expression Tree - Limitations
 Content:
o Limitations and when not to use the expression tree
 Image Link: Expression Tree Limitations

Slide 55: Binary Indexed Tree - Limitations

  Title: Binary Indexed Tree - Limitations
 Content:
o Limitations and when not to use the binary indexed tree
 Image Link: Binary Indexed Tree Limitations

Slide 56: B-Tree - Limitations

 Title: B-Tree - Limitations
 Content:
o Limitations and when not to use the B-tree
 Image Link: B-Tree Limitations

Slide 57: Bellman-Ford Algorithm - Variants

 Title: Bellman-Ford Algorithm - Variants
 Content:
o Variants and improvements of the Bellman-Ford algorithm
 Image Link: Bellman-Ford Variants

Slide 58: Segment Tree - Variants

 Title: Segment Tree - Variants
 Content:
o Variants and improvements of the segment tree
 Image Link: Segment Tree Variants

Slide 59: Red-Black Tree - Variants

 Title: Red-Black Tree - Variants
 Content:
o Variants and improvements of the red-black tree
 Image Link: Red-Black Tree Variants

Slide 60: Expression Tree - Variants

 Title: Expression Tree - Variants
 Content:
o Variants and improvements of the expression tree
 Image Link: Expression Tree Variants

Slide 61: Binary Indexed Tree - Variants

 Title: Binary Indexed Tree - Variants
 Content:
o Variants and improvements of the binary indexed tree
 Image Link: Binary Indexed Tree Variants

Slide 62: B-Tree - Variants

 Title: B-Tree - Variants
 Content:
o Variants and improvements of the B-tree
  Image Link: B-Tree Variants

Slide 63: Bellman-Ford Algorithm - Comparison with Other Algorithms

 Title: Bellman-Ford Algorithm - Comparison with Other Algorithms
 **Content
**
 Comparison of the Bellman-Ford algorithm with other shortest path algorithms
(e.g., Dijkstra's algorithm)
 Image Link: Comparison with Other Algorithms

Slide 64: Segment Tree - Comparison with Other Data Structures

 Title: Segment Tree - Comparison with Other Data Structures
 Content:
o Comparison of the segment tree with other data structures (e.g., binary
indexed tree, interval tree)
 Image Link: Comparison with Other Data Structures

Slide 65: Red-Black Tree - Comparison with Other Trees

 Title: Red-Black Tree - Comparison with Other Trees
 Content:
o Comparison of the red-black tree with other self-balancing trees (e.g.,
AVL tree, B-tree)
 Image Link: Comparison with Other Trees

Slide 66: Expression Tree - Comparison with Other Trees

 Title: Expression Tree - Comparison with Other Trees
 Content:
o Comparison of the expression tree with other tree structures (e.g.,
binary search tree, trie)
 Image Link: Comparison with Other Trees

Slide 67: Binary Indexed Tree - Comparison with Other Data Structures
 Title: Binary Indexed Tree - Comparison with Other Data Structures
 Content:
o Comparison of the binary indexed tree with other data structures (e.g.,
segment tree, hash table)
 Image Link: Comparison with Other Data Structures

Slide 68: B-Tree - Comparison with Other Trees

 Title: B-Tree - Comparison with Other Trees
 Content:
o Comparison of the B-tree with other tree structures (e.g., red-black
tree, AVL tree)
 Image Link: Comparison with Other Trees
Slide 69: Bellman-Ford Algorithm - Implementation Details
 Title: Bellman-Ford Algorithm - Implementation Details
 Content:
o Key implementation details and considerations
 Image Link: Implementation Details

Slide 70: Segment Tree - Implementation Details

 Title: Segment Tree - Implementation Details
 Content:
o Key implementation details and considerations
 Image Link: Implementation Details

Slide 71: Red-Black Tree - Implementation Details

 Title: Red-Black Tree - Implementation Details
 Content:
o Key implementation details and considerations
 Image Link: Implementation Details

Slide 72: Expression Tree - Implementation Details

 Title: Expression Tree - Implementation Details
 Content:
o Key implementation details and considerations
 Image Link: Implementation Details

Slide 73: Binary Indexed Tree - Implementation Details

 Title: Binary Indexed Tree - Implementation Details
 Content:
o Key implementation details and considerations
 Image Link: Implementation Details

Slide 74: B-Tree - Implementation Details

 Title: B-Tree - Implementation Details
 Content:
o Key implementation details and considerations
 Image Link: Implementation Details

Slide 75: Bellman-Ford Algorithm - Advanced Topics

 Title: Bellman-Ford Algorithm - Advanced Topics
 Content:
o Advanced topics and extensions of the Bellman-Ford algorithm
 Image Link: Advanced Topics

Slide 76: Segment Tree - Advanced Topics

 Title: Segment Tree - Advanced Topics
 Content:
 o Advanced topics and extensions of the segment tree
 Image Link: Advanced Topics

Slide 77: Red-Black Tree - Advanced Topics

 Title: Red-Black Tree - Advanced Topics
 Content:
o Advanced topics and extensions of the red-black tree
 Image Link: Advanced Topics

Slide 78: Expression Tree - Advanced Topics

 Title: Expression Tree - Advanced Topics
 Content:
o Advanced topics and extensions of the expression tree
 Image Link: Advanced Topics

Slide 79: Binary Indexed Tree - Advanced Topics

 Title: Binary Indexed Tree - Advanced Topics
 Content:
o Advanced topics and extensions of the binary indexed tree
 Image Link: Advanced Topics

Slide 80: B-Tree - Advanced Topics

 Title: B-Tree - Advanced Topics
 Content:
o Advanced topics and extensions of the B-tree
 Image Link: Advanced Topics

Slide 81: Bellman-Ford Algorithm - Practice Problems

 Title: Bellman-Ford Algorithm - Practice Problems
 Content:
o List of practice problems and exercises
 Image Link: Practice Problems

Slide 82: Segment Tree - Practice Problems

 Title: Segment Tree - Practice Problems
 Content:
o List of practice problems and exercises
 Image Link: Practice Problems

Slide 83: Red-Black Tree - Practice Problems

 Title: Red-Black Tree - Practice Problems
 Content:
o List of practice problems and exercises
 Image Link: Practice Problems
Slide 84: Expression Tree - Practice Problems
 Title: Expression Tree - Practice Problems
 Content:
o List of practice problems and exercises
 Image Link: Practice Problems

Slide 85: Binary Indexed Tree - Practice Problems

 Title: Binary Indexed Tree - Practice Problems
 Content:
o List of practice problems and exercises
 Image Link: Practice Problems

Slide 86: B-Tree - Practice Problems

 Title: B-Tree - Practice Problems
 Content:
o List of practice problems and exercises
 Image Link: Practice Problems

Slide 87: Bellman-Ford Algorithm - Solutions to Practice Problems

 Title: Bellman-Ford Algorithm - Solutions to Practice Problems
 Content:
o Solutions to practice problems
 Image Link: Solutions

Slide 88: Segment Tree - Solutions to Practice Problems

 Title: Segment Tree - Solutions to Practice Problems
 Content:
o Solutions to practice problems
 Image Link: Solutions

Slide 89: Red-Black Tree - Solutions to Practice Problems

 Title: Red-Black Tree - Solutions to Practice Problems
 Content:
o Solutions to practice problems
 Image Link: Solutions

Slide 90: Expression Tree - Solutions to Practice Problems

 Title: Expression Tree - Solutions to Practice Problems
 Content:
o Solutions to practice problems
 Image Link: Solutions

Slide 91: Binary Indexed Tree - Solutions to Practice Problems

  Title: Binary Indexed Tree - Solutions to Practice Problems
 Content:
o Solutions to practice problems
 Image Link: Solutions

Slide 92: B-Tree - Solutions to Practice Problems

 Title: B-Tree - Solutions to Practice Problems
 Content:
o Solutions to practice problems
 Image Link: Solutions

Slide 93: Bellman-Ford Algorithm - Common Mistakes

 Title: Bellman-Ford Algorithm - Common Mistakes
 Content:
o Common mistakes and how to avoid them
 Image Link: Common Mistakes

Slide 94: Segment Tree - Common Mistakes

 Title: Segment Tree - Common Mistakes
 Content:
o Common mistakes and how to avoid them
 Image Link: Common Mistakes

Slide 95: Red-Black Tree - Common Mistakes

 Title: Red-Black Tree - Common Mistakes
 Content:
o Common mistakes and how to avoid them
 Image Link: Common Mistakes

Slide 96: Expression Tree - Common Mistakes

 Title: Expression Tree - Common Mistakes
 Content:
o Common mistakes and how to avoid them
 Image Link: Common Mistakes

Slide 97: Binary Indexed Tree - Common Mistakes

 Title: Binary Indexed Tree - Common Mistakes
 Content:
o Common mistakes and how to avoid them
 Image Link: Common Mistakes

Slide 98: B-Tree - Common Mistakes

 Title: B-Tree - Common Mistakes
 Content:
o Common mistakes and how to avoid them
  Image Link: Common Mistakes

Slide 99: Bellman-Ford Algorithm - Tips and Tricks

 Title: Bellman-Ford Algorithm - Tips and Tricks
 Content:
o Tips and tricks for implementing and using the Bellman-Ford algorithm
 Image Link: Tips and Tricks

Slide 100: Segment Tree - Tips and Tricks

 Title: Segment Tree - Tips and Tricks
 Content:
o Tips and tricks for implementing and using the segment tree
 Image Link: Tips and Tricks

1: Red-Black Tree - Tips and Tricks**

 Title: Red-Black Tree - Tips and Tricks
 Content:
o Tips and tricks for implementing and using the red-black tree
 Image Link: Tips and Tricks

Slide 102: Expression Tree - Tips and Tricks

 Title: Expression Tree - Tips and Tricks
 Content:
o Tips and tricks for implementing and using the expression tree
 Image Link: Tips and Tricks

Slide 103: Binary Indexed Tree - Tips and Tricks

 Title: Binary Indexed Tree - Tips and Tricks
 Content:
o Tips and tricks for implementing and using the binary indexed tree
 Image Link: Tips and Tricks

Slide 104: B-Tree - Tips and Tricks

 Title: B-Tree - Tips and Tricks
 Content:
o Tips and tricks for implementing and using the B-tree
 Image Link: Tips and Tricks

Slide 105: Bellman-Ford Algorithm - Historical Context

 Title: Bellman-Ford Algorithm - Historical Context
 Content:
o Historical background and development of the Bellman-Ford algorithm
 Image Link: Historical Context
Slide 106: Segment Tree - Historical Context
 Title: Segment Tree - Historical Context
 Content:
o Historical background and development of the segment tree
 Image Link: Historical Context

Slide 107: Red-Black Tree - Historical Context

 Title: Red-Black Tree - Historical Context
 Content:
o Historical background and development of the red-black tree
 Image Link: Historical Context

Slide 108: Expression Tree - Historical Context

 Title: Expression Tree - Historical Context
 Content:
o Historical background and development of the expression tree
 Image Link: Historical Context

Slide 109: Binary Indexed Tree - Historical Context

 Title: Binary Indexed Tree - Historical Context
 Content:
o Historical background and development of the binary indexed tree
 Image Link: Historical Context

Slide 110: B-Tree - Historical Context

 Title: B-Tree - Historical Context
 Content:
o Historical background and development of the B-tree
 Image Link: Historical Context

Slide 111: Bellman-Ford Algorithm - Real-World Examples

 Title: Bellman-Ford Algorithm - Real-World Examples
 Content:
o Detailed real-world examples where the Bellman-Ford algorithm is used
 Image Link: Real-World Examples

Slide 112: Segment Tree - Real-World Examples

 Title: Segment Tree - Real-World Examples
 Content:
o Detailed real-world examples where the segment tree is used
 Image Link: Real-World Examples

Slide 113: Red-Black Tree - Real-World Examples

  Title: Red-Black Tree - Real-World Examples
 Content:
o Detailed real-world examples where the red-black tree is used
 Image Link: Real-World Examples

Slide 114: Expression Tree - Real-World Examples

 Title: Expression Tree - Real-World Examples
 Content:
o Detailed real-world examples where the expression tree is used
 Image Link: Real-World Examples

Slide 115: Binary Indexed Tree - Real-World Examples

 Title: Binary Indexed Tree - Real-World Examples
 Content:
o Detailed real-world examples where the binary indexed tree is used
 Image Link: Real-World Examples

Slide 116: B-Tree - Real-World Examples

 Title: B-Tree - Real-World Examples
 Content:
o Detailed real-world examples where the B-tree is used
 Image Link: Real-World Examples