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Sequence Series Class 11

Sequence and series grade 11 cbse worksheet

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46 views30 pages

Sequence Series Class 11

Sequence and series grade 11 cbse worksheet

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naitikmotilal
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Sequences and Series eats eran Topic Notes @ Arithmetic Mean and Geometric Progression @ Relation Between AM. and GM. — eee ee ee EE EE EE EE EEE ARITHMETIC MEAN AND GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION 1 | TOPIC1 INTRODUCTION Sequence ond Series are two mathematical words thot ‘ore generally considered implying the some thing.o set cof numbers arranged in some definite order. Sequences Asequenceis funtion whose domain sos the subset oF the sat of notural numbers Nand ronge isos the subset of real number R.A sequence is on ordered list of rumbers FL important = Thenumbers inte Us ore called terms. 0, lcaledn® eam of sequence 0,0, Oy. Then! terms also called the general term ofthe sequence Assequencelssoid to bea progression ifthe term ofthe sequence can be expressed by some explicit formula €9.2.6,10, 14... ina sequence Here.9, =2.0,=6.2,=10ando,=14 Example 4.3: Write first ive terms of sequence W o,= CD75" © 0,220 not INceen ‘Ans. (A) We have, o, = (-1)""'5"*? On putting n= 1, we get yesh 4957225 1)? t= 625 we get yet se 1)? s§=-3125 On putting On putting m= 5, we get a eats = (08 5*= 15625, Hence, the firt five terms of the given soquence ore 25, -125, 625, -3125, 15625. On putting n= 3, we get 0, =20)?-3+1 4g7-S+4 =541 246 Hence, the firet five terme of the given sequence are 2,7, 16,29 and 46. Series Je @ sequence, then the expression called the series associated with the 0, 2p 25 ‘given sequence. Series can be represented in compact farm, called sigma notation leis denoted by greek leter (sigma) (09 series a, +2, +. +0, + — can be represented in compacttorm os ¥ 9, Example 1.2: Let the sequence 9, is defined as follows 0, Oya + 3forn2 2 Find fist five terms and write corresponding series. Ans, We have, a, = 2 and On putting n=5,we get o,=0,+3= 1163214 ‘Thus fire five terms of given sequence ore 2,5 8, 11 ond 14. Algo, the corresponding series is 245484114 1de.. — eee ee ee EE EE EE EE EEE | Topic 2 | ARITHMETIC MEAN (2) Hfo,A and bare in AP then A= (244) ig cole the 2 corithmetic mean ofa and. @) Ifo,.0,.0y.2, oren numbers, then their Mis given by (o-1)0+26 Aysot tide Cotes A,zo4nd= o40b nad 8) Fa ApAy Ay ApbareinAP,then Ay Ay Ay: ‘A, aren arithmetic mean between o and b, where da boo at nash A,zo4d= nad (o-1)0+26 Apsasad= Coes oenb A, 20+ nds S25 (@) Sumofn AM's between cand bisnA ie AA, +A tnt nA Important Results on AP Fo,=aanda,=p.theno,, .=0.7,=p+q~r @ Hpt,xaT, then o,,,=0 or ors, () FS,=5, then, ,,=0 Example 4.3: Show that the sequence whose n® termisa, = n(n +2)isnot an AP. INCERT] ‘Ans. Given a,=n(n+2)=n?+ 2n Then," a,,,=(0+1)*#2(0+1) 7+ In+1)+(2n+ 2) entsdne3 +4n+3)~(0" + 2n) +3 Which is dependent on n Hence, the given sequence is not on AP. Now 2,5 = Example 1.4: if Is AM. of a ond b, ot = = Then find the value of n. INceRT] Ans. Given that ie the AM of a ond b, ee Parr asd ahaa 4b) = eed) > 204 2b" =a"¥ abl! + bol * 4b" = ao) =b" (0-2) 2 ot eb > n-120 2 net Example 4.5: Between 1 and 31, m orithmetic ‘means ore inserted go that the ratio of the 7” and (m= 1)" means is 5:9. Find the value of m. Incerr) ‘Ans. Let A,.A,...A,,ba m arithmetic meons between Lond 31. Then 1.Ay. Ap..Ayy 31 fen AP. with ‘common diference d given by 31-1 30 a=, mel msi Now. Ayete td= 14230, matt mil” mst ment 5 3im=-29 "3 > Gms 1999 = 155 m— 145 => 146m =2044 = maid — eee ee ee EE EE EE EE EEE Example 4.6: In an A.P if m™ term isn and the n®™ > (m-1-n+1)d=n-m ‘term ism, where m = 1, find the p" term. [NCERT] S aa-2 a) ‘Ans Let a be the fist term and d be the common Leena 2 Putting volu of in @, we get Gan thot them? erm is ond theo term i o-(m-1) =n miahere m= = onntm-1 0 caer So,the perm ofthe AP ia given by 2 orimendan 9 georp-ie = o+(n-1)d=m wo =(04m-1+e-NE Onsubwocting (from Owe got snem=1-pstenem=p (m-1)d-(n-1)d=n-m [using (i) and (i) | ToPIc 3 | GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION A suman i op te dy i called 0 quam: Thun GP. gn be wien ob. eo? af, progression. If each term is non-zero and follows oar, ar’, .- according os GP. is finite or infinite, aap relation E*Lar where rie @ constant for all keN => ‘7 ia colled the commen rao, ‘Geometric progressions happen whenever each agent ‘of a ayatem acts independently. Here are eome exomples: The omount on your sovings eccount: @ The omount of money in your piggy bank if you deposit the same amount each week (@ bane feccount with regulor deposits leods you to orithmetic-geometric sequences) : _-e~. fi bby fe @6® "TMA Ai IN {NIN Or I General Term of a G.P. Lot us consider @ GP. with fist non-zero term ‘a! and ‘common ration '. Write few terms oft. The cecond term ia obtoined by multiplying o by r, thus a, = or. Sil thi tern is bined by mulling 2, by Thus.0, = a4" a77,and soon. We write below these and few more terms Do you see pater? What ibe 26 tern? The seires a+ ar tar? ++ ar! ora tartar + a7" + ore called frit or infinite geornetrc eries, respectively. Properties of GP tn this ction, we will decuss Important properties of = for allneN ‘which is some of 2" ar [New sequence formed also in GP. with common ratio. ff Property I! The reciprocal of the terms of given GP. also form 0 Gp. Proof Leta, 0, 0,.....2, be in geometric progression with common ratio — eee ee ee EE EE EE EE EEE . forallneN 0 Now the sequence formed by reciprocal will be aaa aaa ‘The common ratio. sath na euch GP thcommen a £ Property It! Hfeach termof GP is roised by the some exponentthen the resulting sequenceis olso oGP. Proof Let ay. 2, ay. @, be in geometric progression with common ratio’ for allneN 0 Let each term of GP. is raised by exponent. then the sequence becomes oy£.0,8,ag¢...0,¢ ] =H foralineh isin GP. with common ratio # In a finite GP, the product of the terms equidistant from the beginning and from the end is always some ‘nd is equa to the product of the fist and the last tarm. Proof. Let 0,. 25.5 2, be in geometric progression with 12 term from the beginning =0,=0, #7? AK termfrom the end =0,..,=9,7""* Product of k term from the beginning and & term from the end =a, f ta, a a2rtotennt = 027°"? fork=2,3,4,f0=1) Henca, the product of the terms equidistant fram the beginning ond the end is always aame and i equ to the product oF frst and the lost term. Property V Three non-zero numbers a, b,care in GP. and only if beac Proof.a, b.carein GP. bie Common ratio= 295 beac Property VI IF the terms of a given GP. ore chosen ot regular intervols, then the new sequence forms o GP. Property VII IF 04, 2p ay-0, be in geomewic progression, then og, 109 0,109,109, i an arthmeticprogression ‘ond vice-versa, ‘Sum of n terms of a GP. fo ands ore the fre term and common ratio of o GP. ‘eapectively.then the sum ofntermsof this GP is given by a,

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