UNIT 2 - HUMANS AND THE ENVIRONMENT

I. VOCABULARY
TỪ
STT TỪ VỰNG PHIÊN ÂM NGHĨA
LOẠI
1 Youth Union /ju:θ 'ju:.njən/ np Đoàn Thanh niên
2 Adopt /əˈdɒpt/ v nhận làm con nuôi
3 Ceremony /'seriməni/ n nghi thức, nghi lễ
dấu chân cacbon (lượng khí
nhà kính chủ yếu là cacbon
Carbon /'kɑ:bən
4 n dioxide, được thải vào khí
footprint ˈfʊt.prɪnt/
quyển bởi một hoạt động của
con người)
Household /'haʊs.hoʊld
5 np thiết bị gia dụng
appliances ə'plaɪ. əns/
6 Eco-friendly /ˈek.oʊˌfrend.li/ adj thân thiện với môi trường
7 Sustainable /sə'steɪ.nə.bəl/ adj bền vững, lâu dài
8 Energy bill /ˈen.ɚ.dʒi bɪl/ np hóa đơn tiền điện
9 Explosion /ɪk'sploʊ.ʒən/ n sự bùng nổ, sự phát triển ồ ạt
10 Organic /ɔ:r'gæn.ɪk/ adj thuộc hữu cơ
Harmful /'hɑ:rm.fəl/ adj - gây tai hại, có hại
Harmless /'hɑ:rm.ləs/ adj - vô hại
11 Unharmed /an'ha:md/ adj - bình yên vô sự (không bị tổn
hại); nguyên vẹn, toàn vẹn
Harm /ha:m/ n/v - sự tổn hại/gây hại

12 Chemical /'kem.ɪ.kəlz/ n/a hóa chất/thuộc hóa học

13 Refillable /,riɪ'fɪl.ə.bəl/ adj có thể nạp lại
n loại, thứ, hạng
14 Sort /sɔ:rt/
v phân loại
15 Recycle /rɪ:'saikl/ v tái chế
Natural /'nætʃərəl
16 np nguồn tài nguyên thiên nhiên
resources 'ri:sɔ:sɪz/
Emission /i'mɪʃ.ən/ n sự tỏa ra, sự thải ra
17
Emit /i'mɪt/ v tỏa ra, thải ra
18 Calculate /'kælkjuleit/ v tính toán
19 Estimate /'estimeit/ v ước tính, đánh giá
 Estimation /ˌes.təˈmeɪ.ʃən/ n sự đánh giá, sự ước tính
- sử dụng điện để tạo ra năng
Electric /ɪ'lek.trɪk/ adj
lượng
Electrical /i'lek.trɪ.kəl/ adj
20 - có liên quan tới điện
Electronic /,elek'trɒnɪk/ adj
- thuộc điện tử
Electricity /elek'trɪsəti/ n
- điện
21 Average /'ævəriʤ/ n trung bình
22 Professor /prə'fesə/ n giáo sư

II. STRUCTURES
STT CẤU TRÚC NGHĨA
1 Set up thành lập, thiết lập, tổ chức
2 Aim to do sth = aim at doing sth có mục tiêu làm được điều gì
Aim for sth có mục tiêu đạt được điều gì
3 Encourage sb to do sth khuyến khích ai làm gì
4 Clean up dọn dẹp
5 Raise one’s awareness about/of sth nâng cao ý thức, nhận thức của ai
về cái gì, điều gì
6 Be keen on sth/doing sth thích thú, hứng thú khi làm việc gì
Be keen to do sth thích thú, hửng thú làm việc gì
7 Be able to do sth có thể làm được việc gì
8 Be used to do sth = be used for được dùng để làm việc gì
doing sth quen làm việc gì (thói quen ở hiện
Be used to doing sth tại)
Used to do sth đã từng là thói quen trong quá khứ
(giờ không còn nữa)
9 Attract one's attention thu hút sự quan tâm của ai đó
10 Remember to do sth nhớ phải làm gì
Remember doing sth nhớ đã làm gì
11 Turn off tắt (điện, công tắc, động cơ, etc)
Turn on bật (điện, công tắc, động cơ, etc)
Turn up xuất hiện
Turn down từ chối, vặn nhỏ
12 Pick up đón ai đó; cầm/nhặt cái gì lên
13 Remind sb to do sth nhắc nhở ai làm gì
 Remind sb of sb/sth gợi cho ai nhớ tới ai/cái gì
14 Make a choice to do sth đưa ra lựa chọn làm gì
15 In use đang được sử dụng, đang dùng
16 Cut down on cắt giảm
17 Break down phá vỡ, hỏng; ngất xỉu
18 Throw away ném đi, vứt đi
19 Cause damage to sth gây ra thiệt hại cho cái gì
20 Be compulsory for bắt buộc đối với
21 In conclusion kết luận lại, nói tóm lại
22 Make a difference tạo nên sự khác biệt
23 Give a presentation on sth thuyết trình về cái gì
24 Search for tìm kiếm, tra cứu
25 Decide to do sth quyết định làm gì
= make a decision to do sth
26 Be based on sth được dựa trên cái gì

III. GRAMMAR
1. The future with will and be going to
S + will + V(bare) S + am/is/are + going to + V(bare)
Chúng ta sử dụng "will" và "be going to” để nói về các hành động sẽ xảy ra
trong tương lai
- dùng "will" để nói về các kế hoạch - dùng "be going to" để nói về các kế
được đưa ra ngay tại thời điểm nói hoạch được đưa ra trước thời điểm nói
(không có dự tính từ trước) (có dự định từ trước)
Example: The telephone is ringing. I Example: I have bought a train ticket. I
will answer it. am going to visit my grandmother
next weekend.
- dùng "will" để nói về các dự đoán - dùng "be going to" để nói về các dự
dựa trên những gì mà bạn nghĩ hoặc đoán dựa trên những gì mà bạn nhìn
tin về tương lai. thấy hoặc biết.
Example: I think she will pass the Example: Look at the dark clouds. It is
exam. going to rain soon.

2. Passive voice
CÁCH CHUYỂN TỪ CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG SANG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG
Chủ động: S + V (chủ động) + O

Bị động: S + V (bị động) + by + O

O (đứng ở cuối câu bị động hoặc đứng trước trạng từ thời gian)

Bắt buộc bỏ "by people/by someone/by somebody/by no one/by

nobody"
Note:
Có thể bỏ "by me/by you/by them/by us/by him/by her”

BẢNG CHIA CHỦ ĐỘNG - BỊ ĐỘNG

STT Thì động từ Chủ động Bị động
1 Hiện tại đơn S + V(bare)/ S + am/is/are + Vp2
V(S/es)
2 Quá khứ đơn S + Ved/V(cột 2) S + was/were + Vp2
3 Tương lai đơn S + will + V(bare) S + will + be + Vp2
4 Hiện tại tiếp diễn S + am/is/are + S + am/is/are + being +
Ving Vp2
5 Quá khứ tiếp S + was/were + S + was/were + being +
diễn Ving Vp2
6 Hiện tại hoàn S + have/has + S + have/has + been + Vp2
thành Vp2
7 Quá khứ hoàn S + had + Vp2 S+ had + been + Vp2
thành
8 Tương lai hoàn S + will + have + S + will + have + been +
thành Vp2 Vp2
9 Tương lai gần S + am/is/are + S + am/is/are + going to +
going to + V(bare) be + Vp2
10 Động từ khuyết S + modal verbs + S + modal verbs + be +
thiếu V(bare) Vp2

IV. PRACTICE EXERCISES

A. PHONETICS
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part
differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following
questions.
1. A. please B. team C. clean D. ready
2. A. adopt B. pollute C. bottle D. topic
3. A. climate B. include C. different D. Internet
4. A. source B. decide C. carbon D. cycle
5. A. other B. although C. those D. thunder
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the
other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following
questions.
1. A. improve B. weekend C. attend D. reduce
2. A. local B. welcome C. issue D. protect
3. A. interesting B. awareness C. encourage D. protection
4. A. exhibition B. environment C. electronic D. estimation
5. A. lifestyle B. footprint C. member D. remind
B. VOCABULARY
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning
to the underlined word(s) in each of the following sentences.
1. Too much CO2 in the atmosphere can lead to increasing global temperatures
and air pollution, and destroy the natural world.
A. result in B. involve in C. result from D. turn up
2. It's not difficult to reduce your carbon footprint. You can do it by making your
daily activities eco-friendly.
A. climate-friendly B. unfriendly
C. kindly D. environmentally-friendly
3. Walking or cycling are activities that can help reduce your carbon footprint and
your impact on the environment.
A. influence B. consequence C. effect D. circumstance
4. A carbon footprint is the total amount of C02 produced by human activities and
includes the emissions of other greenhouse gases.
A. discharges B. controls C. reductions D. expansion
5. Modern household appliances make housework much easier.
A. Current B. Contemporary C. Recent D. Up-to-date
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in
meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following sentences.
1. Large carbon footprint is a reason for destroying the natural world.
A. gentle B. artificial C. pure D. uncommon
2. Small changes in your daily habits can help reduce the carbon footprint you
produce.
A. lower B. increase C. rise D. improve
3. More people adopt a green lifestyle. It is a choice we make to change to a
greener and more sustainable lifestyle.
A. continual B. viable C. untenable D. wasteful
4. Recycling as much as possible reduces the need to collect new raw materials
and protects natural resources.
A. unprocessed B. well-done C. cooked D. prepared
5. Organic methods help reduce the use of harmful chemicals in food, which is
better for our health.
A. fortunate B. profitable C. favorable D. helpful

Give the correct forms of words in brackets.

1. We should bring a (USE) ______ bag when we go shopping to reduce plastic
waste which needs many years to break down into small pieces.
2. One of the required things in the race is that candidates use their own (REFILL)
______ bottle instead of buying bottled water.
3. Turning off (ELECTRIC) ______ appliances is an easy way to save energy.
4. You can take shorter showers because the less hot water you use, the less
energy is needed to (HOT) ______ the water.
5. Although calculating your carbon footprint can be difficult, it can be still
(ESTIMATION) ______ based on how big your family is.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of
the following sentences.
1. I'm ______ reduce my carbon footprint but I don’t know what to do, so I join the
club.
A. keen on B. keen to C. used to D. used for
2. The club’s ______ is to improve our environment and encourage people to
adopt a greener lifestyle.
A. wish B. desire C. purpose D. aim
3. We’ll organise more activities to raise local people’s ______ of environmental
issues.
A. awareness B. aware C. unaware D. unawareness
4. Don’t throw away your used household items, but ______ and recycle them.
A. reduce B. produce C. sort D. break
5. Globally, the ______ carbon footprint per person is more than 4 tons per year.
A. medium B. average C. personal D. estimated
6. Instead of using your ______ car or motorbike, you should use public transport,
walk or cycle as much as possible.
A. particular B. public C. common D. personal
7. Everyone should ______ all electrical appliances before going out of the room to
save energy.
A. turn off B. turn on C. turn up D. turn down
8. She’s interested in listening to music loudly, so she ______ the radio.
A. turned off B. turned on C. turned up D. turned down
9. The park is dirty because many people ______ litter on the paths.
A. make B. drop C. keep D. hold
10. The club is ______ by the Youth Union in my school.
A. cleaned up B. picked up C. based on D. set up
11. I think we are all able ______ a lot of things to protect our environment.
A. to do B. do C. doing D. to doing
12. Students are ______ to pick up litter that they see on the ground.
A. raised B. attracted C. reminded D. decided
13. Eco-friendly car models always attract great ______ at exhibitions.
A. attend B. attention C. attentive D. attentively
14. One of the most important ______ of energy is the Sun.
A. resources B. bases C. roots D. sources
15. They have already ______ a decision that they are going to buy a new house
next month.
A. had B. made C. taken D. got

Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions

1. It takes many years to break ______ plastic bags so we should use other
materials instead.
2. "Cutting down ______ private cars!" is the slogan for our campaign this month.
3. ______ conclusion, each of us should be responsible for what we are doing with
the environment.
4. Many people think living green is compulsory ______ them and they try to follow
it.
5. In the workshop some students gave presentations ______ how people are
damaging the climate and environment.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs
correction in each of the following questions.
1. Encouraging students planting more trees or flowers in schools helps
reduce CO2 and make
A B C
the air clean.
D
2. We can improve the environment in our school in many ways and even
small actions can
A B
make a big different.
C D
3. You may search on information about climate change on the Internet for
your presentation.
A B C D
4. The research on carbon footprint can be based in how much electricity
household
A B C
appliances use.
D
5. My father has been working for an electric company for more than 20
years.
A B C D

C. GRAMMAR
Give the correct forms of the verbs in brackets
1. Tommy (be) ______ fifteen years old next month.
2. Look at the Sun. It (be) ______ a beautiful day.
3. David (buy) ______ a new car. He has already saved enough money.
4. I think that Thompson (lose) ______ his job because of his rude behavior.
5. You (cook) ______ for the party? I see a lot of ingredients in the kitchen.
6. I promise I (call) ______ as soon as I arrive at the airport.
7. We (hold) ______ an international conference about environmental issues next
week as planned.
8. I forgot to phone Dad. I (do) ______ it right after lunch.
9. People (not go) ______ to Mars before the 22nd century.
10. Linda and her best friends (take) ______ a trip to Phu Quoc. They have already
prepared well for this trip for more than one month.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of

the following questions.
11. This beautiful dress ______ for me by my mother last week.
A. is made B. was made C. will be made D. has been
made
12. Those flowers and plants ______ every day.
A. will be watered B. are watered C. were watered D. are being
watered
13. Hundreds of films ______ by CGV Cinemas since January.
A. have showed B. have been showed C. were showed
D. showed
14. "When ______?” - " In 1876."
 A. the telephone was invented C. did the telephone invented
B. was the telephone invented D. did the telephone invent
15. The preparation for the graduation ceremony ______ by the time the students
______.
A. had been finished - came C. had finished - came
B. have been finished - came D. will have finished - come
16. Do you hear the footsteps behind us ? I think we ______.
A. were being followed C. are followed
B. are being followed D. were followed
17. My computer ______ by my brother at this time last night.
A. was being repaired B. was repairing C. is repairing
D. was repaired
18. This work ______ by the marketing team next Monday.
A. will be done B. will have been done C. will do D. is done
19. A lot of clean-up activities ______ by our club this weekend.
A. will have organized B. is being
organized
C. are going to be organized D. will be organizing
20. These reports must ______ by the manager.
A. have checked B. be checking C. be checked D. check
Rewrite the following sentences using the passive voice. Begin each
sentence as shown.
21. The club members will clean up all the classrooms.
=> All the classrooms____________________________________________________________.
22. The students are practicing their presentation on environmental protection.
=> Their presentation____________________________________________________________.
23. More and more people adopt a green lifestyle.
=> A green______________________________________________________________________.
24. We should bring a reusable bag when going shopping
=>A_____________________________________________________________________________.
25. Have you discussed the problem with anyone?
=> Has__________________________________________________________________________?

D. SPEAKING
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that best completes
each of the following exchanges.
1. John is talking to Mike about his weekend plan.
Mike: What are you going to do this weekend, John?
John: ______
 A. I'll go home now. B. Nothing special. I have a meeting.
C. I don't know about that. D. Yes. I have something to eat.
2. John is talking to Mike about the club he’s joining.
Mike: What club do you join?
John: ______
A. A club run by the Youth Union. B. The club is over there.
C. I often go there in the evening. D. It’s really big.
3. John is talking to Mike about the club he’s joining.
Mike: Does your club have some social activities?
John: ______
A. People help me with my homework. B. Well, we always wait for others.
C. No. I don’t agree. D. Sure. Its aim is to protect the
environment.
4. John is talking to Mike about the club he's joining.
Mike: Are you going to clean up the school with your club this weekend?
John: ______
A. How do you know about it? B. Yes, that’s it.
C. I’m excited about it. D. They don’t have any plans.
5. John is talking to Mike about the club he’s joining.
Mike: Can I join the club?
John: ______
A. No. I'm not. B. Yes, you’ll be fine.
C. Yes, of course. D. No, you shouldn’t.

E. READING
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate
the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Many large cities around the world have struggled to keep up with the
increase in traffic in recent times. Densely populated areas, growing car
ownership, as well as narrow roads brought for much lower volumes of traffic all
(1) ______ to this. In 1975, Singapore decided to introduce a congestion charge a
(2) ______ paid by drivers entering the most traffic-heavy zones of the city.
London introduced a congestion charge in 2003. Public opinion was initially
opposed to the idea, (3) ______ people soon became more supportive of the
scheme. Despite this, its first decade brought mixed success, and the (4)______ of
cars in the city fell by only 10%. However, the scheme proved massively
profitable, (5)______ allowed the city council to invest in other measures aimed at
improving traffic conditions in London. These included cycle lanes, pedestrianized
areas and better road surfaces.
(Adapted from Oxford Exam Trainer by Helen Weale)
1. A. cause B. contribute C. induce D. result
2. A. pension B. fine C. stipend D. fee
3. A. otherwise B. because C. so D. but
4. A. other B. little C. number D. many
5. A. which B. where C. who D. that
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate
the correct answer to each of the questions.
A group of researchers and experts in America and Australia listed 12
countries affecting considerably to the ocean by the year 2018 and the Southeast
Asia area has up to 5 representatives: Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia,
and the Philippines. China ranks first with nearly 8.8 million plastic waste, and
Vietnam ranks fourth with 1.8 million. It is really alarming that developing
countries are the main causes of environmental pollution in 10 recent years. A
terrible fact that probably occur by 2050 is that the ocean contains much more
waste than sea creatures if the plastic waste situation is still continuing,
according to the United Nations report. In addition, the unexpected fact is that it
takes only 5 seconds to produce a plastic bag, 1 second to throw, but up to 500
or even 1000 years to decompose.
A reason for water pollution in Vietnam is that many companies and
enterprises cannot manage rubbish and then pour waste into rivers and streams,
which the government cannot control at all. Meanwhile, rivers and streams are
two main sources of water for use.
As a result, in many places in Vietnam, especially remote areas, people get
diseases like cholera, diarrhea or skin diseases by having to use water from rivers
and streams. The basic reason is that many households are not supplied with
piped water and hygienic latrines, so they do not have water to use or do not
have a water filtration system. Also, many people take the water from hand-dug
wells that are not surely clean. In another hand, many marine creatures died from
water pollution due to its heavy chemicals.
It is constantly urgent for the government and businesses to take
responsibility for water pollution. The government should have new strict laws to
prevent companies from pouring wastes into the water and manage better-piped
water systems in many areas.
(Adapted from https://www.vietnam-tour.biz/)
6. Which of the following best serves as the title of the passage?
A. Water Pollution in Vietnam
B. Water Pollution in the World
C. Water Pollution: The Statistics
D. Water Pollution: What Are the Main Causes?
7. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT true?
A. Five out of twelve countries affecting significantly to the ocean by the year
2018 are in the Southeast Asia area.
 B. It takes much more time to decompose a plastic bag than to produce it.
C. Vietnam ranks fourth in the list of countries in the Southeast Asia area
affecting considerably the ocean.
D. In the last decade, the main causes of environmental problems are
developing countries.
8. The word "which” in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A. many companies and enterprises
B. wastes
C. rivers and streams
D. companies and enterprises not managing rubbish and pouring waste into
rivers and streams
9. The following are the reasons why the Vietnamese in remote areas get many
kinds of diseases from water, EXCEPT ______.
A. many households are not supplied with piped water and hygienic latrines.
B. the water from hand-dug wells is not clean enough.
C. they do not have a water filtration system.
D. many marine creatures died from water pollution due to its heavy
chemicals.
10. What does the word "urgent” in the last paragraph most probably mean?
A. trivial B. pressing C. nervous D. dangerous
 UNIT 2 - 15-MINUTE TEST
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of
the following sentences.
1. This shirt looks beautiful. I ______ it.
A. am buying B. buy C. will buy D. buys
2. I have made a reservation. We ______ dinner at the Hoa Sua restaurant nearby.
A. are going to have B. will have
C. have D. is going to have
3. The Sun is shining. It ______ a lovely day.
A. are B. is C. is being D. is going to be
4. Stop making so much noise or the neighbour ______ angry.
A. get B. will get C. is going to get D. is getting
5. She doesn't like Kate, so she ______ her to her house.
A. is going to invite B. isn’t going to invite
C. will invite D. won't invite
6. I'm sure John ______ very happy to meet you.
A. is B. are C. is going to be D. will be
7. She ______ the phone no matter who calls her.
A. will not answer B. isn't going to answer
C. answers D. is answering
8. You ______ able to see much better with these new glasses.
A. are B. is
C. will be D. are going to be
9. I don't think he ______ that car because it's old and unreliable.
A. is getting B. will get
C. is going to get D. gets
10. Look at the child's face. He ______.
A. is going to cry B. cries
C. will cry D. is crying
11. She aims at ______ the Environment Club to clean up our environment with
other people.
A. join B. to join C. joined D. joining
12. The best solution is to raise local people’s _____ of environmental issues and
the effects of pollution.
A. aware B. awareness C. unaware D. unawareness
13. ______ your appliances when they are not in use is one of the easiest ways to
save energy.
 A. Turning off B. Turning on C. Turning up D. Turning
down
14. We should encourage people to use ______ bottles to reduce plastic waste.
A. renewable B. remarkable C. refillable D. resolved
15. Children should be taught how to sort and recycle household items instead of
______ them.
A. cutting down B. cleaning up C. breaking down D. throwing
away

UNIT 2 - 45-MINUTE TEST

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part
differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following
questions.
1. A. pollute B. reduce C. fortune D. rubbish
2. A. improve B. environment C. organize D. criteria
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the
other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following
questions.
3. A. beautiful B. conclusion C. regular D. difference
4. A. lifestyle B. adopt C. event D. aware
5. A. protection B. activity C. achievement D. interesting
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST
in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in each of the following sentences.
6. We should organize more activities to raise local people's awareness of
environmental issues.
A. concerns B. views C. matters D. editions
7. Small changes in your daily habits can help reduce the footprint you produce.
A. routines B. rules C. addictions D. weakness
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in
meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following sentences.
8. Using green products is also a way to save energy and reduce carbon
footprint.
A. rescue B. recover C. gather D. waste
9. Eating organic food helps to reduce taking in harmful chemicals in our bodies.
A. toxic B. healthy C. disadvantageous D. hazardous
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of
the following sentences.
10. They recommend that we bring a ______ bag when we go shopping.
A. usable B. reuse C. reusable D. useful
11. He started to cycle to work ______ driving his own car last week.
A. in spite of B. instead of C. due to D. because of
12. Scientists said that it took years for the material to ______ into small pieces.
A. break down B. break up C. turn down D. turn up
13. Household appliances should be ______ to save energy and avoid dangerous
situations.
A. turned off B. turned on C. turned up D. turned down
14. Each of our small habits, such as leaving the room with the lights on, wastes
______.
A. electric B. electrical C. electrically D. electricity
15. We shouldn't drop litter in the street because this will make the street dirty
and ______ the environment.
A. polluted B. pollution C. pollute D. polluting
16. Rubbish will be ______ in the central market and in the streets around the
schools.
A. pick up B. picked up C. to pick up D. picking up
17. The students are keen on ______ the voluntary activities because they can
make new friends.
A. join B. to join C. joining D. joined
18. We can improve the environment in our school in many ways and even small
actions can make a big ______.
A. improvement B. difference C. diversity D. contrast
19. The ______ of greenhouse gases can cause climate change.
A. estimation B. diffusion C. ejection D. emission
20. Too much CO2 in the atmosphere can lead ______ increasing global
temperatures and air pollution, and destroy the natural world.
A. for B. at C. to D. from
21. Following the school's regulations is ______ for every teacher and student.
They are not allowed to be late for school.
A. compulsory B. helpful C. good D. useful
22. These simple activities can help reduce your carbon footprint and your impact
______ the environment.
A. with B. about C. from D. on
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs
correction in each of the following questions.
23. Eco-friendly car models always attract great attending at exhibitions.
A B C D
24. Natural resources are protecting because new materials are in search.
A B C D
25. The use of refillable water bottles is encouragement, so most students
bring one to school.
A B C D

READING
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate
the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks
from 26 to 30.
Recycling is important in today’s world if we want to leave this planet for
future generations. It is good for the environment since we are (26) ______ new
products from the old products which are of no use to us. Recycling begins at
home. If you are not throwing away any of your old products and (27)______
utilizing them for something new, then you are actually recycling.
When you think of recycling, you should really think about the (28) ______ idea:
reduce, reuse and recycle. We’ve been careless up to this point with the way
we've treated the Earth, and it’s time to change, not just the way we do things
but the way we think. Recycling is good for the environment; in a sense, we are
using old and waste products (29) ______ are of no use and then converting them
back to the same new products. Since we are saving resources and sending less
trash to landfills, it helps in reducing air and water pollution.
With each passing day, the population is increasing. With that, the quantity
of waste produced is also increasing manifolds. The more the waste production,
the more is the amount of space required to (30) ______ these wastes. Now, it
must be remembered that the space available on earth is very limited, and it is
obviously up to us to use it judiciously.
(Source: conserve-energy-future.com/importance_of_recycling.php)
26. A. doing B. making C. using D. throwing
27. A. yet B. then C. instead D. but
28. A. most B. other C. number D. whole
29. A. that B. what C. where D. who
30. A. entomb B. burry C. hide D. dump

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate

the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 35.
Have you ever felt that there aren't enough hours in the day? These days we
have to do our jobs, look after our homes, save energy to help the environment,
and do exercise to stay healthy! Like many of us, Alex Gadsden never had
enough time. He ran a business and a home and needed to lose weight. So he
decided to do something about it. He invented the cycle washer. The 29-year-old
now starts each day with a 45-minute cycle ride. He not only feels healthier but
he saves on his energy bills and does the washing too.
He said, "It gives the user a good workout. I’ve only used it for two weeks but
I’ve already noticed a difference.” "I tend to get up at around six-thirty now and
get straight on the cycle washer. I keep it in the garden, so it’s nice to get out in
the fresh air. Afterward, I feel full of energy. Then I generally have breakfast and
a shower and I really feel ready to start the day." The green washing machine
uses 25 liters of water a wash, and takes enough clothes to fill a carrier bag. He
normally cycles for 25 minutes to wash the clothes, and then for another 20
minutes to dry them. And it doesn't use any electricity, of course. Mr. Gadsden,
the boss of a cleaning company, believes his machine could become very
popular. With an invention which cleans your clothes, keeps you fit and reduces
your electricity bill, he may well be right.
(Adapted from English Unlimited by Alex Tilbury et al.)
31. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The significance of everyday physical activity B. An ingenious
invention
C. Cycling improves your health. D. Washing Methods
32. The word "ran” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. managed B. moved C. allowed D. changed
33. According to paragraph 1, what does Alex Gadsden achieve with the invention
of the cycle washer?
A. He gets increasingly concerned with recycling. B. His electric
bills have been decreased.
C. He assists his wife with the dishes. D. He gains weight.
34. The word it in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A. the cycle washer B. workout
C. the fresh air D. noticed a difference
35. Which of the following is NOT true, according to the passage?
A. Alex’s machine isn't very good at washing garments.
B. The cycle washer can assist you in staying fit and healthy.
C. The cycle washer does not require any power to function.
D. Alex Gadsden is confident in the cycle washer’s effectiveness.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that best completes

each of the following exchanges.
36. Rosie is talking to Mark
Rosie: Would you like to go to the Green Club this evening?
Mark: ______
A. Really? B. I love watching it.
C. I’d love to. D. I will do it.
37. Rosie is talking to Mark
Rosie: Our next campaign is to clean up the roads on our campus.
Mark: ______
 A. It doesn’t matter. B. Sounds interesting.
C. It’s a pity. D. It's unlucky.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in

meaning to each of the following questions.
38. She decided to use paper bags instead of plastic bags to reduce plastic waste.
A. She made a decision to use plastic bags more than paper bags to reduce
plastic waste.
B. She made a decision to reduce plastic waste with paper bags or plastic bags.
C. She made a decision to use both paper and plastic bags for plastic waste
reduction.
D. She made a decision to reduce plastic waste by using paper bags instead of
plastic bags.
39. Remember to turn off your appliances when they are not used.
A. Don’t forget to turn off your appliances when they are not used.
B. Try turning off your appliances when they are not used.
C. Try to turn off your appliances when they are not used.
D. Don't hesitate to turn off your appliances when they are not used.
40. They usually cooked with wood or dried bush to save gas or electricity.
A. They are used to cooking with wood or dried bush to save gas or electricity.
B. They used to save gas or electricity so they never used them to cook.
C. They used to cook with wood or dried bush to save gas or electricity.
D. They cooked to save wood, dried bush, gas or electricity.