Top 100 Microsoft Power BI Interview Questions with Answers

1. 𝗪𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗶𝘀 𝗣𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗕𝗜?

Power BI is a business analytics service by Microsoft that allows you to create interactive
reports and dashboards from various data sources.
It helps you visualize data and share insights across your organization or embed them in
an app or website.

2. 𝗪𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗺𝗮𝗶𝗻 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝗻𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗣𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗕𝗜?

• Power Query: A data connection technology that enables you to discover, connect,
combine, and refine data across a wide variety of sources.

• Power Pivot: A data modelling component that allows you to create data models,
establish relationships, and perform complex calculations.

• Power View: An interactive data visualization component that provides intuitive ad-
hoc reporting and data exploration capabilities.

• Power BI Desktop: A desktop application used for creating reports and data
visualizations. It's the primary authoring and publishing tool for Power BI.

• Power BI Mobile: Mobile applications available for iOS, Android, and Windows
devices, allowing you to access and interact with Power BI reports and dashboards on
the go.

3. what is Power Query?

Power Query is a data connection technology that enables you to discover, connect,
combine, and refine data across a wide variety of sources.
It is an integral part of the Power BI suite and is also available in Excel.
Here are some key aspects of Power Query:
• Data Connection
• Data Cleaning
• Data Transformation
• User friendly Interface
• Advanced Querying with M language
4. 𝗛𝗼𝘄 𝗱𝗼 𝘆𝗼𝘂 𝗶𝗺𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁 𝗱𝗮𝘁𝗮 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗼 𝗣𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗕𝗜?
To import data into Power BI, you can use the 'Get Data' option on the Home tab. This
option allows you to connect to various data sources like Excel, databases, online services,
and more.
Once connected, you can load the data into Power BI for further analysis and
visualization.

5. 𝗪𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗶𝘀 𝗮 𝗱𝗮𝘀𝗵𝗯𝗼𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗶𝗻 𝗣𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗕𝗜?

A dashboard in Power BI is a single-page, often called a canvas, that uses visualizations to
tell a story.
Because it is limited to one page, a well-designed dashboard contains only the most
important elements of that story.

6. 𝗪𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗱𝗶𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝘃𝗶𝗲𝘄𝘀 𝗽𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗶𝗻 𝗣𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗕𝗜?

𝗥𝗲𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝘄: This is where you create and design reports using visuals, charts, and
graphs.

𝗗𝗮𝘁𝗮 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝘄: This view allows you to see the data in your model, including tables and
fields. You can create calculated columns and measures here.

𝗠𝗼𝗱𝗲𝗹 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝘄: This view is used to manage relationships between tables, set up hierarchies,
and manage data model properties.

𝗗𝗔𝗫 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝘄: This view, introduced in recent versions of Power BI Desktop, allows you to
write and edit DAX (Data Analysis Expressions) formulas directly. It provides a dedicated
space for working with DAX functions and expressions.

7. 𝗪𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗱𝗶𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗺𝗼𝗱𝗲𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗣𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗕𝗜?

𝗜𝗺𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁 𝗠𝗼𝗱𝗲: Data is imported from the original data source into the Power BI file. This
allows for fast performance and offline access, but data is not live and needs to be
refreshed periodically.

𝗗𝗶𝗿𝗲𝗰𝘁 𝗤𝘂𝗲𝗿𝘆 𝗠𝗼𝗱𝗲: Power BI connects directly to the data source in real-time without
importing the data into the Power BI file. This allows for live, up-to-date data analysis, but
performance may vary depending on the data source.

𝗟𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗠𝗼𝗱𝗲: Similar to Direct Query, but specifically for connecting to external
data models such as Analysis Services models. The data remains in its original location,
and Power BI retrieves query results in real-time, providing the most up-to-date
information.

8. 𝗡𝗮𝗺𝗲 𝘀𝗼𝗺𝗲 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗹𝘆 𝘂𝘀𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗮𝘀𝗸𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗕𝗜 𝗤𝘂𝗲𝗿𝘆 𝗘𝗱𝗶𝘁𝗼𝗿.

✅ Removing Columns
✅ Filtering Rows
✅ Changing Data Types
✅ Splitting Columns
✅ Merging Queries
✅ Grouping Data
✅ Pivoting and Unpivoting Columns
 ✅ Adding Custom Columns
✅ Replacing Values
✅ Appending Queries
These tasks are fundamental for preparing and transforming data in Power BI, ensuring
that your data model is clean, accurate, and ready for analysis.

9. 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐝𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐁𝐈 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐓𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐮?

𝗣𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗕𝗜:
➙ Developed by Microsoft.
➙ Integrates well with Microsoft tools.
➙ User-friendly with drag-and-drop features.
➙ Allows data transformation within the tool.
➙ Various affordable plans, including a free version.

𝗧𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲𝗮𝘂:
➙ Developed by Tableau Software (now part of Salesforce).
➙ Connects with a wider range of data sources.
➙ User-friendly but may need more technical expertise.
➙ May require data prep outside the tool.
➙ Offers visually appealing visuals out of the box.
➙ May be pricier upfront but offers flexible licensing options.

10. 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐯𝐢𝐬𝐮𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐁𝐈, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐰𝐡𝐲 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐲 𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭?
Visualizations in Power BI refer to graphical representations of data, such as charts,
graphs, maps, and tables, that are used to visually communicate insights and patterns
within the data.

They are important because they:

➙ Help you understand complex data faster.
➙ Let you spot trends and insights easily.
➙ Make it easier to explain data to others.
➙ Make exploring data more engaging and interactive.

11. 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐁𝐈 𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬?

𝗣𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗕𝗜 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗸𝘁𝗼𝗽:
➟ Power BI Desktop is a free application that you install on your local computer.
➟ It allows users to create interactive reports and visualizations by connecting to various
data sources, importing data, transforming it, and building compelling visualizations.
➟ Users can create reports without the need for a subscription or internet connection,
but sharing and collaboration require additional services like Power BI Pro or Power BI
Premium.

𝗣𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗕𝗜 𝗣𝗿𝗼:
➟ Power BI Pro is a subscription-based service that provides enhanced features and
capabilities beyond what's available in Power BI Desktop.
➟ With a Power BI Pro license, users can publish, share, and collaborate on reports and
dashboards created in Power BI Desktop.
➟ Power BI Pro offers larger data capacities, scheduled data refresh, collaboration
capabilities, and advanced security features.
➟ It is suitable for individual users, teams, and small to medium-sized businesses that
 require sharing and collaboration on reports.

𝗣𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗕𝗜 𝗣𝗿𝗲𝗺𝗶𝘂𝗺:
➟ Power BI Premium is a subscription-based service designed for larger organizations or
enterprise-level users.
➟ It offers dedicated cloud capacity, enhanced performance, and advanced
administration and deployment options compared to Power BI Pro.
➟ Power BI Premium is suitable for organizations with large user bases, high volumes of
data, or complex reporting requirements.

12. 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐊𝐏𝐈𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐁𝐈?

KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) in Power BI are visual tools that show how well specific
goals are being met.
They are essential for tracking and understanding performance.

13. 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐒𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐁𝐈?

➟ Power BI slicers are interactive controls that allow you to filter the data displayed in
your reports.
➟ They are visual filters that can be placed directly onto a report canvas, enabling users
to interact with them to filter visuals displayed on a report page.

14. 𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐝𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 '𝐌𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐞 𝐐𝐮𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬' 𝐚𝐧𝐝 '𝐀𝐩𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝 𝐐𝐮𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬' 𝐢𝐧 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐁𝐈.

✅ 𝗠𝗲𝗿𝗴𝗲 𝗤𝘂𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗲𝘀
It is used to join two tables together based on a common column or set of columns. It is
similar to performing joins in SQL.
𝗘𝘅:
Merging a "Customers" table with an "Orders" table using the common "CustomerID"
column to analyse customer order details.

✅ 𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗲𝗻𝗱 𝗤𝘂𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗲𝘀
It is used to stack tables on top of each other, combining their rows. It is similar to a
UNION operation in SQL.
𝗘𝘅:
Appending sales data from "Region1" and "Region2" tables into a single table to analyse
total sales across regions.

15. 𝐇𝐨𝐰 𝐭𝐨 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐛𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐭𝐰𝐨 𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐧𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐁𝐈?

Open Power Query Editor by clicking on "Transform Data" in Power BI.
Select the columns you want to combine.
Go to the "Add Column" tab and click on "Custom Column".
Enter the concatenation formula using the "&" operator.
𝗘𝘅: To combine columns "First Name" and "Last Name" into a new column "Full Name",
the formula would be:

= [𝗙𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝗡𝗮𝗺𝗲] & " " & [𝗟𝗮𝘀𝘁 𝗡𝗮𝗺𝗲]

 Click "OK" to create the new column.
Click "Close & Apply" to apply the changes and load the data into Power BI.

16. 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐲𝐩𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐟𝐢𝐥𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐚𝐯𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐁𝐈 𝐑𝐞𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐬?

In Power BI, various types of filters are available to help refine and control the data
displayed in reports. These filters can be applied at different levels and offer flexibility in
how data is presented.

✅ 𝗩𝗶𝘀𝘂𝗮𝗹-𝗟𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗹 𝗙𝗶𝗹𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘀:
These filters apply to individual visuals (charts, tables, etc.) within a report. Visual-level
filters allow you to control the data shown in a specific visual without affecting other
visuals on the same page or report.

✅ 𝗣𝗮𝗴𝗲-𝗟𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗹 𝗙𝗶𝗹𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘀:
These filters apply to a single page within a report. When you set a filter at the page level,
it affects only that specific page, allowing you to display different data on different pages
of the same report.

✅ 𝗥𝗲𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁-𝗟𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗹 𝗙𝗶𝗹𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘀:
These filters apply to all pages within a Power BI report. When you set a filter at the
report level, it affects the entire report, ensuring that only data meeting the filter criteria
is displayed across all pages.

17. 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐢𝐠𝐧 𝐤𝐞𝐲𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐦𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠?
✅ 𝗣𝗿𝗶𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝗞𝗲𝘆𝘀
➟ Primary keys make sure that each row in a table is unique.
➟ They help keep data clean and organized, preventing duplicates and ensuring that
every record can be identified uniquely.
➟ Primary keys act as anchors for connecting tables together, forming the backbone of
relationships in a database.

✅ 𝗙𝗼𝗿𝗲𝗶𝗴𝗻 𝗞𝗲𝘆𝘀
➟ Foreign keys link tables together, showing how they relate to each other. ➟ They are
like bridges connecting different parts of a database.
➟ They help maintain consistency across tables by ensuring that values in one table
match up with values in another.

18. 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐦𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐢𝐧 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐁𝐈?

Data modelling in Power BI is the process of organizing and connecting data from
different sources to create a structured and unified view that can be used for analysis and
visualization.
➟ This involves creating tables, defining relationships between them, and adding
calculations to make the data more useful.
19. 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐭 𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐰𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐫𝐨𝐥𝐞 𝐝𝐨𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐭 𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐲 𝐢𝐧 𝐚 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐦𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐥?

A fact table is a table in a data model that stores quantitative data or measures related to
a business process.
➟ It plays a crucial role in a data model by providing the primary source of information
for analysis and reporting.

✅ Key Characteristics:
➟ Fact tables store numerical data, such as sales amounts, quantities sold, revenue, or
counts.
➟ Each row in a fact table represents a single instance of a business event, typically at the
lowest level of granularity.
➟ Fact tables contain foreign keys that establish relationships with dimension tables.

20. 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐝𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐰𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐫𝐨𝐥𝐞 𝐝𝐨𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐭 𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐲 𝐢𝐧 𝐚 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐦𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐥?

A dimension table is a table in a data model that stores descriptive attributes related to
the subjects of analysis, such as products, customers, time, or geography.
➟ Dimension tables provide context and additional details about the data stored in fact
tables, enabling users to analyse and understand the data more effectively.

✅ Key Characteristics:
➟ Dimension tables contain descriptive attributes that provide context for the
quantitative data stored in fact tables.
➟ Examples of attributes include product names, customer demographics, dates, or
geographic regions.
➟ Each row in a dimension table typically has a unique identifier that serves as the
primary means of referencing and joining the table with fact tables.

21. 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐫 𝐬𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐦𝐚 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐰𝐡𝐲 𝐢𝐬 𝐢𝐭 𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐦𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠?

A star schema is a type of data modelling technique commonly used in data warehousing
and business intelligence.
➟ The star schema consists of a central fact table surrounded by dimension tables,
resembling a star shape.
➟ Improved query performance due to the denormalized structure, reducing the number
of joins required.
➟ The clear separation of facts and dimensions makes the schema intuitive and easier to
understand.
➟ Facilitates the addition of new dimensions or measures without restructuring the entire
schema.

22. 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐧𝐨𝐰𝐟𝐥𝐚𝐤𝐞 𝐬𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐦𝐚, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐰𝐡𝐲 𝐢𝐬 𝐢𝐭 𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐦𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠?

It is an extension of the star schema, where dimension tables are normalized into multiple
related tables, resembling a snowflake shape.
➟ By normalizing dimension tables, snowflake schemas minimize data duplication.
 ➟ Requires less storage space compared to denormalized structures because data is not
duplicated.
➟ Provides a more structured and organized data model.

23. 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐛𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐟𝐢𝐭𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐫 𝐬𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐦𝐚 𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫 𝐚 𝐬𝐧𝐨𝐰𝐟𝐥𝐚𝐤𝐞 𝐬𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐦𝐚?

✅ Simplicity: The star schema is easier to understand and set up, with a central fact table
connected to dimension tables.
✅ Better Performance: Fewer joins mean faster queries and quicker report generation.
✅ Improved Reporting: Simplifies reporting and analytics with straightforward table
structures.
✅ Efficiency: Designed for read-heavy operations, ideal for data analysis.
✅ Compatibility: Many BI tools, including Power BI, are optimized for star schemas,
enhancing performance and features.

24. 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐝𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐚 𝐦𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚 𝐊𝐏𝐈 𝐢𝐧 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐁𝐈?

Both measures and KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) are used to analyze and present
data, but they serve different purposes and have distinct characteristics.

𝗠𝗲𝗮𝘀𝘂𝗿𝗲
➟ A measure is a calculation used to aggregate data, often using DAX formulas.
➟ Measures provide numerical insights and help summarize large datasets. ➟ They can
be used in visuals like tables, charts, and cards to show sums, averages, percentages, and
other calculations.

𝗞𝗣𝗜
➟ A KPI is a specific type of measure used to track and visualize the performance of a
metric against a defined target or goal.
➟ KPIs provide a quick, visual indication of how well an organization is performing
relative to its objectives.
➟ KPIs highlight whether performance is on track, ahead, or behind targets, making them
useful for performance management and strategic decision-making.

25. 𝐰𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐧𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧?

Normalization refers to the process of organizing data within a database to reduce

redundancy and improve data integrity.
➟ This involves dividing a large table into smaller, related tables and defining
relationships between them.
➟ The goal is to ensure that each piece of data is stored only once, making the database
more efficient and easier to maintain.

✅ Key Points about Normalization:

Reduces Data Redundancy
Improves Data Integrity
Enhances Query Performance
26. 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 ?

Denormalization involves combining multiple normalized tables into fewer tables, usually
to improve query performance and simplify data retrieval.

➟ While normalization aims to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity by dividing
data into related tables, denormalization intentionally reintroduces some redundancy to
optimize read-heavy operations.

✅ Key Points about Denormalization:

Improves Query Performance
Simplifies Data Retrieval
Increases Redundancy

27. 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐬𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐦𝐚 𝐢𝐬 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐧𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐞𝐝 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐫 𝐬𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐦𝐚 𝐨𝐫 𝐬𝐧𝐨𝐰𝐟𝐥𝐚𝐤𝐞 𝐬𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐦𝐚?

The snowflake schema is more normalized than the star schema.

Example to Illustrate the Difference:

✅ 𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒓 𝑺𝒄𝒉𝒆𝒎𝒂:
📍Fact Table: Sales (SaleID, DateID, CustomerID, ProductID, Amount)
📍Dimension Tables:
Date (DateID, Date, Month, Year)
Customer (CustomerID, Name, Address, City, State)
Product (ProductID, ProductName, Category, Price)

✅ 𝑺𝒏𝒐𝒘𝒇𝒍𝒂𝒌𝒆 𝑺𝒄𝒉𝒆𝒎𝒂:
📍Fact Table: Sales (SaleID, DateID, CustomerID, ProductID, Amount)
📍Dimension Tables:
Date (DateID, Date, MonthID, YearID)
Month (MonthID, MonthName)
Year (YearID, Year)
Customer (CustomerID, Name, AddressID)
Address (AddressID, CityID, StateID)
City (CityID, CityName)
State (StateID, StateName)
Product (ProductID, ProductName, CategoryID, Price)
Category (CategoryID, CategoryName)

➟ Star Schema: Less normalized, simpler structure, potentially faster for query
performance due to fewer joins.
➟ Snowflake Schema: More normalized, more complex structure, better for reducing
redundancy and improving data integrity.
28. 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐬 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐦𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐚𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐝𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐭 𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞?

Fact Table

➟ This is because fact tables store transactional data, with each row representing a
specific event.
➟ These events accumulate rapidly, leading to a large number of rows.
➟ In contrast, dimension tables store descriptive attributes about entities (e.g.,
customers, products), resulting in fewer rows.

29. 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐝𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐲𝐩𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐁𝐈 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐩𝐬?

In Power BI, cardinality refers to the relationship between two tables and how many
instances of one entity relate to instances of another entity.

✅ One to Many:
This is the most common type of relationship.
It indicates that a single row in one table can be related to multiple rows in another table.
Ex: One customer (in the Customers table) can make many sales (in the Sales table).

✅ Many to One:
This is essentially the same as One-to-Many but viewed from the opposite perspective.
It indicates that multiple rows in one table can be related to a single row in another table.
Ex: Many sales (in the Sales table) can relate to one product (in the Products table).

✅ One to One:
It indicates that a single row in one table is related to a single row in another table.
Ex: One employee (in the Employees table) has one set of details (in the EmployeeDetails
table).

✅ Many to Many:
This relationship type allows for more complex scenarios where multiple rows in one
table can be related to multiple rows in another table.
➝ Power BI introduced support for many-to-many relationships to handle cases where
traditional one-to-many or one-to-one relationships are insufficient.
Ex: Students and courses, where many students can enroll in many courses.

30. 𝐇𝐨𝐰 𝐝𝐨 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐩𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐁𝐈?

Load your data into Power BI Desktop.

➝ Open Model View by clicking the "Model" icon on the left sidebar.
➝ Identify the common fields in the tables you want to connect.
➝ Drag the common field from one table and drop it onto the matching field in the other
table
➝ Choose Cardinality type and Cross-filter direction Single or Both.
 ➝ Ensure the relationship is active.
➝ Click "OK" to create and apply the relationship.

31. 𝐇𝐨𝐰 𝐝𝐨 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐥𝐞 𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐲-𝐭𝐨-𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐲 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐩𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐁𝐈?

Identify the two tables that have the many-to-many relationship.

➝ Create a bridging table with common key columns from both original tables.
➝ Load the bridging table into Power BI Desktop.
➝ Open Model View by clicking the "Model" icon on the left sidebar.
➝ Create relationships between the bridging table and each original table:
➝ Drag the common key from the bridging table to the corresponding key in the first
table.
➝ Drag the common key from the bridging table to the corresponding key in the second
table.
➝ Set the Cardinality of both relationships to Many-to-One.
➝ Set the Cross-filter direction to "Single" for better performance, unless you specifically
need "Both."
➝ Click "OK" to create and apply the relationships.

32. 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐃𝐀𝐗 𝐢𝐧 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐁𝐈, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐰𝐡𝐲 𝐢𝐬 𝐢𝐭 𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭?

DAX (Data Analysis Expressions) is a formula language used in Power BI to create custom
calculations and data analysis.

📜 Importance of DAX:
✅ Custom Calculations: DAX allows you to create measures and calculated columns that
perform complex calculations tailored to your specific needs.

✅Enhanced Data Analysis: With DAX, you can analyze data more deeply by using
functions and operations not available in basic Power BI visuals.

✅Dynamic Reporting: DAX enables the creation of dynamic and interactive reports that
update automatically with changes in data.

✅Efficiency: It helps in writing optimized formulas that can handle large datasets
effectively, making your Power BI reports faster and more responsive.

33. 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐃𝐀𝐗 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚 𝐬𝐲𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐱?

The syntax of a DAX formula is:

𝗙𝘂𝗻𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗡𝗮𝗺𝗲(𝗔𝗿𝗴𝘂𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀)
For example, in SUM(Sales[Amount]), SUM is the function name and Sales[Amount] is the
argument.
34. 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐧 𝐢𝐧 𝐃𝐀𝐗?

A calculated column is a column that is added to a table in a data model, where the
values are defined by a DAX formula that is evaluated for each row.
➝ calculated column is having Row context.

Ex: 𝗧𝗼𝘁𝗮𝗹𝗦𝗮𝗹𝗲𝘀𝗔𝗺𝗼𝘂𝗻𝘁 = 𝗦𝗮𝗹𝗲𝘀[𝗤𝘂𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗶𝘁𝘆] * 𝗦𝗮𝗹𝗲𝘀[𝗨𝗻𝗶𝘁𝗣𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗲]

TotalSalesAmount is the name of the calculated column.

Sales[Quantity] * Sales[UnitPrice] is the DAX formula used to calculate the total sales
amount for each row.

35. 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐦𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐃𝐀𝐗?

A measure is a calculation used in data analysis that is evaluated in the context of the
report's filters and slicers.
➝ Measure in Power BI is a calculation used to aggregate data in your data model.
➝ They are created using DAX (Data Analysis Expressions) formulas and are not stored in
the data model, but rather calculated on the fly.

Ex: 𝗧𝗼𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗦𝗮𝗹𝗲𝘀 = 𝗦𝗨𝗠(𝗦𝗮𝗹𝗲𝘀[𝗔𝗺𝗼𝘂𝗻𝘁])

Total Sales is the measure name.

SUM(Sales[Amount]) is the DAX formula used to calculate the total sales amount by
summing the values in the Amount column of the Sales table.

36. 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐝𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐚 𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚 𝐦𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐃𝐀𝐗?

📍Calculated column:
➙ Calculated columns are computed row-by-row within the table.
➙ Calculated column values are stored in the data model and are static unless the
underlying data changes.
➙ Calculated columns are useful for adding data that needs to be referenced in rows,
such as derived data or new categories.
➙ Calculated columns can increase the size of the data model as the results are stored.
➙ Example of a calculated column: TotalSales = Sales[Quantity] * Sales[UnitPrice].

📍Measure:
➙ Measures are calculated on the fly, based on the filter context of the report or
visualization.
➙ Measure values are not stored and are recalculated each time the measure is used in a
report.
➙ Measures are used for aggregations, summaries, and dynamic calculations that
depend on the current filter context.
➙ Measures do not increase the size of the data model but may impact performance if
 complex and used extensively in visuals.
➙ Example of a measure: TotalSales = SUM(Sales[Amount]).

37. 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐨𝐰 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐱𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐃𝐀𝐗?

Whatever the formula we are writing will be computing on each and every row of the
table called as "`Row Context".
➙ It is created automatically when a calculated column formula is applied to each row.
➙ Functions like SUMX and FILTER create row context by iterating over a table.
➙ Row context is essential for calculations that need to be performed on a row-by-row
basis.

38. 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐟𝐢𝐥𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐱𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐃𝐀𝐗?

Filter context refers to the set of filters applied to the data in a Power BI report.
➙ It determines which rows of data are included in a calculation.
➙ Created by slicers, filters, and other visual elements in a report.
➙ Changes dynamically based on user interactions with the report.
➙ The CALCULATE function can modify the filter context to apply specific filters before
performing a calculation.
➙ Ex: If you filter a report to show only sales from 2023, the filter context ensures that
any measure calculating total sales will only include data from 2023.

39. 𝐇𝐨𝐰 𝐝𝐨 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐚 𝐧𝐞𝐰 𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐧 𝐢𝐧 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐁𝐈 𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐃𝐀𝐗?

Open Power BI Desktop and load your data model.

➙ Click on the "Data" icon in the left pane to switch to the Data view.
➙ Select the table where you want to add the new calculated column.
➙ Click on the "Modelling" tab in the ribbon.
➙ Click on "New Column."
➙ A formula bar will appear at the top.
➙ Enter the DAX formula for your calculated column
➙ The new calculated column will be added to the table and can be used in your reports
and visualizations.

40. 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐮𝐫𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 "𝐂𝐀𝐋𝐂𝐔𝐋𝐀𝐓𝐄" 𝐟𝐮𝐧𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐢𝐧 𝐃𝐀𝐗?

The CALCULATE function in DAX is used to modify the filter context for a calculation,
enabling dynamic and flexible calculations.

➙ Modifies Filter Context: Changes or adds filters to calculations.

➙ Context Transition: Converts row context to filter context.
➙ Multiple Filters: Can apply multiple conditions
 Syntax: CALCULATE(<expression>, <filter1>, <filter2>, ...)

expression>: Calculation to be performed.

<filter1>, <filter2>, ...: Filters to apply.

41. 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐝𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐟𝐮𝐧𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐃𝐀𝐗 ?

DAX (Data Analysis Expressions) functions are organized into various categories based on
their functionality and use cases. Here are the main function categories in DAX:

➙ Number Functions
➙ Text Functions
➙ Date Functions
➙ Information Functions
➙ Filter Functions
➙ Logical Functions
➙ Time Intelligence Functions
➙ Table Manipulation Functions
➙ Aggregate Functions
➙ Iterator Functions
➙ Parent- Child Functions
➙ Other Functions

42. 𝐇𝐨𝐰 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐢𝐥𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐟𝐮𝐧𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐁𝐈 ?

The FILTER function in Power BI is used to return a subset of a table based on specified
conditions.
➙ It is commonly used within other functions like CALCULATE to modify data context and
perform dynamic calculations.

Syntax: FILTER(<table>, <expression>)

<table>: The table to filter.

<expression>: The condition to apply.

43. 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 "𝐍𝐞𝐰 𝐓𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞" 𝐟𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐁𝐈, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐡𝐨𝐰 𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐮𝐬𝐞 𝐢𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚
𝐦𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠?

The "New Table" feature in Power BI allows you to create new tables in your data model
using DAX (Data Analysis Expressions).
This feature is useful for creating summary tables, reference tables, or any custom tables
that you need for your analysis and reports.
 Steps to Create a New Table:
➙ Go to the Modeling Tab: Open Power BI Desktop, and go to the "Modeling" tab on the
ribbon.
➙ Select New Table: Click on "New Table" to open the formula bar.
➙ Write DAX Expression: Enter a DAX expression that defines the new table.

44. 𝐰𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐬𝐲𝐧𝐜 𝐬𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐛𝐢?

Sync slicers in Power BI are a feature that allows you to synchronize slicers across multiple
pages of a report.
➙ This means that when you select a filter in a slicer on one page, the same filter will be
applied to slicers on other pages of the report.
➙ This functionality is useful for maintaining a consistent filtering experience across
different report pages.

45. 𝐰𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐛𝐨𝐨𝐤𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐛𝐢?

Bookmarks in Power BI are a feature that allows you to capture and save the current state
of a report page, including filters, slicers, sort order, and the visibility of visuals.
➙ They enable you to create interactive storytelling experiences, simplify navigation, and
present different views or insights of your data with ease.

Key Points About Bookmarks:

➙ Capture State: Save the current configuration of filters, slicers, and visuals.
Interactive Navigation: Create buttons or links to navigate to specific views.
➙ Storytelling: Guide users through a sequence of bookmarks to present data narratives.
➙ Dynamic Reports: Quickly switch between different report views or scenarios.

46. 𝐰𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐋𝐨𝐜𝐤 𝐎𝐛𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬 𝐨𝐩𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐢𝐧 𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐛𝐢?

Lock Objects is a feature in Power BI that prevents accidental changes to the position and
size of visuals and other report elements.
➙ When objects are locked, they cannot be moved or resized, ensuring that the layout
remains consistent and intact.

Key Points About Lock Objects:

➙ Prevents Accidental Changes: Ensures the layout of visuals remains unchanged.
➙ Improves Report Consistency: Maintains a consistent design across reports.

47. 𝐰𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐝𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐂𝐥𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐚𝐫 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐂𝐥𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐧 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐢𝐧
𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐛𝐢?
 ➡ Orientation: Clustered Bar Chart displays horizontal bars, while Clustered Column Chart
displays vertical columns.

➡ Usage: Clustered Bar Chart is ideal for comparing quantities across different categories
with long names or many categories. Clustered Column Chart is suitable for fewer
categories, focusing on individual values.

➡ Appearance: In Clustered Bar Chart, categories are on the vertical axis, and values are
on the horizontal axis. In Clustered Column Chart, categories are on the horizontal axis,
and values are on the vertical axis.

➡ Category Labels: Clustered Bar Chart aligns labels vertically along the y-axis. Clustered
Column Chart aligns labels horizontally along the x-axis.

➡ Readability: Clustered Bar Chart is better for long category names as they are easier to
read horizontally. Clustered Column Chart is better for shorter category names and fewer
categories.

48. 𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐡𝐨𝐰 𝐭𝐨 𝐮𝐬𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐢𝐧 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐁𝐈.

Conditional formatting in Power BI allows you to customize the appearance of your

visuals based on the values of your data.

➙ Select Visual: Click on the visual (table, matrix, or chart) in Power BI you want to
format.
➙ Open Format Pane: Go to the “Format” pane on the right side of the screen.
➙ Choose Field: Locate the field (column) you want to format within the visual.
➙ Apply Conditional Formatting:
Click on the “fx” icon next to the field.
Choose formatting type: background color, font color, data bars, or icons.
Define rules based on field values or other criteria (e.g., color scales, rules, field values).
➙ Customize Formatting:
Set color scales, define rules, or specify icons based on value ranges.
Adjust colors and thresholds as needed.
➙ Preview and Apply:
Preview formatting changes in the dialog box.
Click “OK” to apply conditional formatting to the visual.

49. 𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐡𝐨𝐰 𝐭𝐨 𝐮𝐬𝐞 𝐬𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐞𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐲 𝐢𝐧 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐁𝐈 𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐬.

Slicers in Power BI allow users to filter and interact with data visuals dynamically.
𝗕𝗲𝗻𝗲𝗳𝗶𝘁𝘀
Interactivity: Empowers users to explore data interactively.
Clarity: Simplifies data filtering with intuitive visual controls.
Customization: Tailorable to report aesthetics and user preferences.
50. 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐮𝐫𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐨𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐢𝐩𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐁𝐈, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐛𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐟𝐢𝐭𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐢𝐭?

ToolTips in Power BI serve the purpose of providing additional contextual information

and details about data points within visualizations when users hover over them.
➙ This feature enhances interactivity and allows for deeper exploration of data without
cluttering the main visualizations.

𝗕𝗲𝗻𝗲𝗳𝗶𝘁𝘀:
Improved User Experience: Provides detailed insights without clutter.
Data Exploration: Enables users to interactively delve into data.
Visual Appeal: Customizable to match report aesthetics and branding.

51. 𝐃𝐞𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐩𝐮𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚 𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐁𝐈 𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐜𝐞.

Create or load data into Power BI Desktop.

➙ Sign in with your Power BI credentials.
➙ Save your report as a .pbix file.
➙ Build report /dashboard
➙ Click the “Publish” button in the Home tab to start the publishing process.
➙ Select the destination workspace in the Power BI service where you want to publish the
report.
➙ Click “Select” to upload the report to the chosen workspace.
➙ Receive a confirmation message that the report has been successfully published.

52. 𝐇𝐨𝐰 𝐰𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐝 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐦 𝐭𝐨𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐢𝐩𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐁𝐈 𝐭𝐨 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐢𝐝𝐞 𝐚𝐝𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐱𝐭
𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐡𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫 𝐚 𝐯𝐢𝐬𝐮𝐚𝐥?

Design a custom tooltip page with relevant visuals and information. Configure the main
visual to use the custom tooltip page by setting the tooltip type to report page and
linking it to the custom tooltip.

53. 𝐇𝐨𝐰 𝐰𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐝 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐚𝐝𝐝 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐨𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐧𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐚 𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭 𝐭𝐨 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐢𝐝𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐱𝐭 𝐟𝐨𝐫
𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐛𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐝?

Use text boxes and annotations within Power BI reports. You can also use the comment
feature in Power BI service to add context directly within the report.

54. 𝗪𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗾𝘂𝗶𝗰𝗸 𝗺𝗲𝗮𝘀𝘂𝗿𝗲𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗣𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗕𝗜 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗵𝗼𝘄 𝗱𝗼 𝘆𝗼𝘂 𝘂𝘀𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗺?

Quick measures are pre-built DAX calculations that you can use without writing DAX code
manually.
To create a quick measure:
➞ Right-click a table or field in the Fields pane.
➞ Select 'New Quick Measure.'
 ➞ Choose a calculation type (e.g., running total, year-to-date).
➞ Configure the fields and parameters required for the calculation.

55. 𝗛𝗼𝘄 𝘄𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗱 𝘆𝗼𝘂 𝗶𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗮 𝗱𝘆𝗻𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗰 𝘁𝗶𝘁𝗹𝗲 𝗶𝗻 𝗣𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗕𝗜 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝘀 𝗯𝗮𝘀𝗲𝗱 𝗼𝗻 𝘀𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗲𝗿
𝘀𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀?

To create a dynamic title, use a measure that concatenates text and selected values from
slicers.

For example:
✅ DynamicTitle = "Sales Report for " & SELECTEDVALUE('Date'[Year])

Add a Card visual to the report, and set its value to this measure. The title will change
dynamically based on the slicer selection.

56. 𝗪𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗶𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗽𝘂𝗿𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗩𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗣𝗮𝗾 𝗲𝗻𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝗶𝗻 𝗣𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗕𝗜, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗵𝗼𝘄 𝗱𝗼𝗲𝘀 𝗶𝘁 𝗼𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗶𝘇𝗲
𝗱𝗮𝘁𝗮 𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗮𝗴𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗿𝗲𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗲𝘃𝗮𝗹?

The VertiPaq engine in Power BI is a columnar storage engine that compresses data for
efficient storage and retrieval.
✅ It uses advanced compression algorithms to reduce the size of the data and stores
data in a highly optimized in-memory format.
✅ This allows for fast query performance and quick aggregations, making it suitable for
large-scale data models.

57. 𝗪𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗶𝘀 𝗮 𝗰𝗮𝗹𝗰𝘂𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗶𝗻 𝗣𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗕𝗜, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘄𝗵𝗲𝗻 𝘄𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗱 𝘆𝗼𝘂 𝘂𝘀𝗲 𝗼𝗻𝗲?

A calculated table is a table created using DAX (Data Analysis Expressions) formulas
instead of being imported from a data source.
➞ They are useful when you need to create a table based on complex calculations or
transformations of existing data.
➞ For example, you might create a calculated table to aggregate data at a specific level
or to create a reference table for unique calculations.

58. 𝗛𝗼𝘄 𝗱𝗼 𝘆𝗼𝘂 𝘂𝘀𝗲 𝗣𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗕𝗜 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗸𝘁𝗼𝗽'𝘀 "𝗣𝗲𝗿𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗔𝗻𝗮𝗹𝘆𝘇𝗲𝗿"?

The Performance Analyzer in Power BI Desktop is used to measure the performance of

reports.
➞ It tracks the time taken by each visual to load and render, helping identify
performance bottlenecks.
➞ You can start the Performance Analyzer from the View tab, record the performance
while interacting with the report, and then review and export the detailed performance
metrics.
59. 𝗛𝗼𝘄 𝗰𝗮𝗻 𝘆𝗼𝘂 𝘂𝘀𝗲 𝗣𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗕𝗜 𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝘁𝗼 𝘀𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗿𝗲𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗱𝗮𝘀𝗵𝗯𝗼𝗮𝗿𝗱𝘀?
In the Power BI service, you can share reports and dashboards by publishing them to a
workspace. From there, you can share with specific users or groups by granting them
access. You can also publish to the web, embed in apps, or use Power BI apps to
distribute to a wider audience within your organization.

60. 𝗪𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗶𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗕𝗜 𝗚𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘄𝗮𝘆, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘄𝗵𝗲𝗻 𝗶𝘀 𝗶𝘁 𝘂𝘀𝗲𝗱?

The Power BI Gateway is a tool that connects your on-premises data sources, like SQL
Server or Excel files on your computer, to Power BI in the cloud. This lets you securely
move data back and forth.
It's used when:
➞ You want to update your Power BI reports with the latest data from your on-premises
sources on a schedule.
➞ You need real-time data interaction with your on-premises databases in Power BI.
➞ You need to allow dataflows in Power BI to access on-premises data.
➞ Your data solution includes both cloud and on-premises data sources, ensuring they
can work together smoothly.

61. 𝗪𝗵𝗲𝗻 𝘄𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗱 𝘆𝗼𝘂 𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗼𝘀𝗲 𝗗𝗶𝗿𝗲𝗰𝘁 𝗤𝘂𝗲𝗿𝘆 𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝗜𝗺𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁 𝗠𝗼𝗱𝗲, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘃𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗮?

✅ Choose Direct Query when you need real-time data updates, work with large datasets
that exceed Power BI's memory limits, or when your data is frequently updated and you
don't want to import it repeatedly.
➞ It's ideal for scenarios like monitoring live transactional data or operational
dashboards.

✅ Choose Import Mode when performance is critical, and your data doesn't change
frequently.
➞ Import Mode allows for faster querying and interaction because data is stored in-
memory.
➞ It's suitable for scenarios like analytical reports or dashboards that are refreshed
periodically, where having a snapshot of the data is sufficient.

62. 𝗘𝘅𝗽𝗹𝗮𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗱𝗶𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗯𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗮𝗻 𝗶𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗶𝘁 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗮𝗻 𝗲𝘅𝗽𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗶𝘁 𝗺𝗲𝗮𝘀𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗶𝗻 𝗣𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗕𝗜.

✅ Implicit measures are automatically created by Power BI when you drag a numeric
field into a visual, based on the default aggregation type (sum, average, count).
➞ They require no manual creation and offer limited customization.
➞ For example, dragging a sales amount field might automatically sum the sales without
explicit definition.

✅ Explicit measures, however, are manually created using DAX (Data Analysis
Expressions) formulas.
 ➞ They allow for complex calculations and advanced analytics.
➞ For instance, creating a measure like Total Sales = SUM('Sales'[SalesAmount]) explicitly
defines the calculation.
➞ These measures offer high customization, flexibility, and can be reused across different
visuals and reports.

63. 𝐖𝐡𝐲 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐁𝐈, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐡𝐨𝐰 𝐰𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐝 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐨𝐧𝐞?

A date table is crucial for performing time intelligence calculations.

➞ To create a date table, I would use DAX functions like CALENDAR or CALENDARAUTO
to generate a continuous date range.
➞ I would add columns for year, quarter, month, and other relevant date parts to
facilitate time-based analysis.

64. 𝗪𝗵𝗲𝗻 𝘄𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗱 𝘆𝗼𝘂 𝘂𝘀𝗲 𝗮 𝗗𝗔𝗫 𝗺𝗲𝗮𝘀𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗶𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗮𝗱 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝗰𝗮𝗹𝗰𝘂𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗰𝗼𝗹𝘂𝗺𝗻 𝗶𝗻 𝘆𝗼𝘂𝗿 𝗱𝗮𝘁𝗮
𝗺𝗼𝗱𝗲𝗹?

✅ DAX Measure:
➞ It's evaluated on the fly, which means it's calculated when you view the report.
➞ It is more flexible and efficient for calculations like totals, averages, or percentages that
change dynamically.
➞ Ex: Calculating the total sales amount for a selected region or time period.

✅ Calculated Column:
➞ It's calculated during data load, meaning the value is stored in the table for each row.
➞ It's used for static calculations that do not change with filters, such as adding a new
column that combines first name and last name.

65. 𝗛𝗼𝘄 𝗰𝗮𝗻 𝘆𝗼𝘂 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗹 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗯𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝘃𝗶𝘀𝘂𝗮𝗹𝘀 𝗼𝗻 𝗮 𝗣𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗕𝗜 𝗿𝗲𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁 𝗽𝗮𝗴𝗲?
You can control the interactions between visuals on a Power BI report page using the
"Edit Interactions" feature.

𝗦𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗰𝘁 𝗮 𝗩𝗶𝘀𝘂𝗮𝗹: Click on the visual you want to use to control other visuals.

𝗘𝗱𝗶𝘁 𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀: In the Power BI toolbar, go to the "Format" tab and select "Edit
interactions".

𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗜𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘀: After clicking "Edit interactions", you'll see icons appear on all other
visuals on the page:

➨ Filter Icon: This icon looks like a funnel. Clicking it will make the selected visual filter
the data in the other visual.
➨ Highlight Icon: This icon looks like a pie chart. Clicking it will make the selected visual
highlight the relevant data in the other visual.
 ➨ None Icon: This icon looks like a circle with a slash. Clicking it will make the selected
visual do nothing to the other visual.

𝗖𝗵𝗼𝗼𝘀𝗲 𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Click the appropriate icon on each visual to set how they should
respond to the selected visual.

𝗙𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘀𝗵: Once you've set the interactions, click "Edit interactions" again to turn off the
interaction editing mode.

66. 𝗬𝗼𝘂𝗿 𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗸𝗲𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗱𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝘄𝗮𝗻𝘁 𝘁𝗼 𝗲𝘅𝗽𝗹𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝘀𝗮𝗹𝗲𝘀 𝗱𝗮𝘁𝗮 𝗯𝘆 𝗿𝗲𝗴𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁 𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗴𝗼𝗿𝘆
𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲𝗹𝘆. 𝗛𝗼𝘄 𝘄𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗱 𝘆𝗼𝘂 𝗱𝗲𝘀𝗶𝗴𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗣𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗕𝗜?

Use slicers for regions and product categories. Create a matrix or table visual to display
detailed sales data, and use bar charts or any to visualize the breakdown by region and
product category. Implement drill-through actions to allow users to click through for
more details.

67. 𝗬𝗼𝘂 𝘄𝗮𝗻𝘁 𝘁𝗼 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝘃𝗶𝗱𝗲 𝗮𝗱𝗱𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗲𝘅𝘁 𝘄𝗵𝗲𝗻 𝘂𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝗱𝗮𝘁𝗮 𝗽𝗼𝗶𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗮 𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗿𝘁.
𝗛𝗼𝘄 𝘄𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗱 𝘆𝗼𝘂 𝗶𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗰𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗺 𝘁𝗼𝗼𝗹𝘁𝗶𝗽𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗣𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗕𝗜?

Enable the "Tooltip" option for the visual and create a new report page dedicated to
tooltips. Add the desired visuals and data fields to this page. Configure the main chart to
use this tooltip page, providing users with detailed information when they hover over
data points.

68. 𝗛𝗼𝘄 𝘄𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗱 𝘆𝗼𝘂 𝘂𝘀𝗲 𝗯𝗼𝗼𝗸𝗺𝗮𝗿𝗸𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘀𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗽𝗮𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝘁𝗼 𝗰𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗮𝗻 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗿𝗲𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁
𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗮𝗹𝗹𝗼𝘄𝘀 𝘂𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝘁𝗼 𝘀𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗰𝗵 𝗯𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗱𝗶𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝘃𝗶𝗲𝘄𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗳𝗶𝗹𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘀?

Create multiple bookmarks representing different views or filter states. Use the selection
pane to control the visibility of report elements for each bookmark. Add buttons or
images to the report to allow users to switch between bookmarks, providing an
interactive experience.

69. 𝗬𝗼𝘂 𝗻𝗲𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗼 𝗰𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗮 𝘃𝗶𝘀𝘂𝗮𝗹 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝘀𝗵𝗼𝘄𝘀 𝘀𝗮𝗹𝗲𝘀 𝗱𝗮𝘁𝗮 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗯𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗱 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗮𝗻 𝗦𝗤𝗟 𝗱𝗮𝘁𝗮𝗯𝗮𝘀𝗲, 𝗮𝗻
𝗔𝗣𝗜, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗮𝗻 𝗘𝘅𝗰𝗲𝗹 𝗳𝗶𝗹𝗲. 𝗛𝗼𝘄 𝘄𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗱 𝘆𝗼𝘂 𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗮𝗴𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘃𝗶𝘀𝘂𝗮𝗹𝗶𝘇𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗱𝗮𝘁𝗮 𝗶𝗻 𝗣𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗕𝗜?

Import data from all sources into Power Query. Clean and transform the data to ensure
consistency. Use "Merge Queries" to combine datasets based on common keys. Create a
unified data model and use it to build the desired visual, ensuring all data sources are
properly integrated.
70. 𝐃𝐞𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐞 𝐡𝐨𝐰 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐝 𝐝𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧 𝐚 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐦𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐥 𝐢𝐧 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐁𝐈 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐚 𝐬𝐚𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐲𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐬
𝐝𝐚𝐬𝐡𝐛𝐨𝐚𝐫𝐝.

For a sales analytics dashboard, I would start by identifying key entities such as
Customers, Products, Sales Orders, and Time.
I would create relationships between these tables based on primary and foreign keys,
ensuring that relationships are properly defined for accurate calculations.
Implementing star schema or snowflake schema depending on the complexity of the data
would ensure optimal performance.
Using DAX measures to calculate metrics like sales revenue, average order value, and
year-over-year growth would complete the data model."

71. 𝐘𝐨𝐮 𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐭 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐚𝐜𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐬𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐚𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐨𝐧𝐥𝐲 𝐬𝐞𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐟𝐨𝐫
𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬. 𝐇𝐨𝐰 𝐰𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐝 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐫𝐨𝐰-𝐥𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐥 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐲 (𝐑𝐋𝐒) 𝐢𝐧
𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐁𝐈 𝐭𝐨 𝐚𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬?

To implement RLS, I would:

Create a role in Power BI Desktop (Modeling > Manage Roles).
Define a DAX filter on the role to restrict data, such as [Region] = USERPRINCIPALNAME().
Assign the role to users in the Power BI Service under the dataset security settings.
Test the role using "View as Roles" feature to ensure the RLS is applied correctly.

72. 𝐘𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐭 𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐝𝐞𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐧𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐥 𝐬𝐢𝐳𝐞.
𝐇𝐨𝐰 𝐰𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐝 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐧𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐢𝐧 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐁𝐈?

I would normalize the data by creating separate dimension tables for the repeated values
and replacing the columns in the fact table with reference keys. This reduces redundancy
and decreases the model size, leading to better performance.

73. 𝐘𝐨𝐮 𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐚 𝐧𝐞𝐰 𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐳𝐞𝐬 𝐬𝐚𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐨 "𝐇𝐢𝐠𝐡", "𝐌𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐮𝐦",
𝐚𝐧𝐝 "𝐋𝐨𝐰" 𝐛𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐨𝐧 𝐬𝐚𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐦𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐭. 𝐇𝐨𝐰 𝐰𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐝 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐚𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐁𝐈 𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠
𝐃𝐀𝐗?
First, open Power BI Desktop and load your data. Go to the Data View by clicking on the
table icon on the left side and select the table where you have your sales data. Then, add
a new column by clicking on the "New Column" button in the Modeling tab. Enter the
DAX formula for your new column.

SalesCategory =
IF(
'SalesTable'[SalesAmount] > 1000,
"High",
IF(
'SalesTable'[SalesAmount] > 500,
 "Medium",
"Low"
)
)

74. 𝐘𝐨𝐮 𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐚𝐭 𝐚 𝐝𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐲 𝐥𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐥 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐛𝐮𝐝𝐠𝐞𝐭 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐚𝐭 𝐚 𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐡𝐥𝐲 𝐥𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐥. 𝐇𝐨𝐰 𝐰𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐝
𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐦𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐥 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐢𝐧 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐁𝐈 𝐭𝐨 𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐚𝐜𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠?

I would create a date table that includes both daily and monthly granularity. I would then
link the sales data to the date table on a daily basis and the budget data on a monthly
basis. This way, I can use the date table to aggregate sales data to the monthly level and
compare it accurately with the budget data.

75. 𝐘𝐨𝐮 𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐨𝐩𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐳𝐞 𝐚 𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐞 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐦𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐥 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞. 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐞𝐜𝐡𝐧𝐢𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐬
𝐰𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐝 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐮𝐬𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐁𝐈?
✅ To optimize performance, I would reduce the number of columns and rows by
removing unnecessary data.
✅ I would use appropriate data types and avoid using complex calculated columns or
measures that can be precomputed.
✅ I would also create aggregations and consider using Direct Query mode for large
datasets to offload processing to the data source.

76. 𝐘𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐦𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐥 𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐝𝐞𝐬 𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐢𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐭 𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐛𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐲𝐳𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫.
𝐇𝐨𝐰 𝐰𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐝 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐥𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐢𝐧 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐁𝐈?
I would create a shared dimension table that connects to both fact tables, ensuring they
can be analysed together. For example, if I have sales and returns fact tables, I would
create a common product or date dimension table that links to both. This allows for
combined analysis and comparisons across different metrics.

77. 𝐘𝐨𝐮 𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐬𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐭 𝐚𝐜𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐬 𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐢𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐂𝐒𝐕 𝐟𝐢𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐡. 𝐇𝐨𝐰 𝐰𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐝 𝐲𝐨𝐮
𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐛𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐬𝐞 𝐟𝐢𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐚 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐁𝐈?

✅ First I make sure to have all those CSV files in a folder and use the "Folder" connector
in Power Query to load all CSV files from a folder. Combine them into a single table by
appending the data from each file.

78. 𝐘𝐨𝐮 𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐞 𝐚 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐭 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐫𝐨𝐰 𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐚 𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐪𝐮𝐞 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐢𝐭𝐬 𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐡𝐥𝐲
𝐬𝐚𝐥𝐞𝐬. 𝐇𝐨𝐰 𝐰𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐝 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐭𝐨 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐰 𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭'𝐬 𝐬𝐚𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐧𝐬
𝐛𝐲 𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐡?

✅ TO transform the data of each product sales in columns by month I use the "Pivot
Column" feature in Power Query to pivot the month column so that each month's sales
 appear in separate columns.
Basically this Pivot Column option converts the data from rows to columns.

79. 𝐘𝐨𝐮 𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐞 𝐚 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐭 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐬𝐚𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐫𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐞𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐧𝐬. 𝐇𝐨𝐰
𝐰𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐝 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐭𝐨 𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐞 𝐚 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐧 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐫𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚
𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐩𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐬𝐚𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐧?

✅ TO transform the sales data into a single column for each region I use the "Unpivot
Columns" feature in Power Query to unpivot the region columns into attribute-value
pairs.
Basically this Unpivot Column option converts the data from columns to rows.

80. 𝐇𝐨𝐰 𝐰𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐝 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐥𝐞 𝐚 𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐲-𝐭𝐨-𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐲 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐩 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐚 𝐬𝐚𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐦𝐨𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐁𝐈?

✅ To handle many-to-many relationship between a sales table and a promotions table I

use a bridging table. Create relationships between the sales table, the promotions table,
and the bridging table to ensure accurate data representation.

81. 𝐘𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐫 𝐰𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐬𝐞𝐞 𝐚 𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐲𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐬𝐚𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐬 𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫 𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞, 𝐛𝐮𝐭 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡
𝐝𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐫𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐨𝐧. 𝐇𝐨𝐰 𝐰𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐝 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐯𝐢𝐬𝐮𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐢𝐧 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫
𝐁𝐈?

✅ Add a line chart visualization to your report. Drag the "Date" field to the X-axis and
the "Sales" field to the Y-axis. Then, drag the "Region" field to the "Legend" area to create
different lines for each region.

82. 𝐈𝐦𝐚𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚. 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐬 𝐚 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭
𝐈𝐃, 𝐛𝐮𝐭 𝐧𝐨𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭 𝐧𝐚𝐦𝐞 𝐨𝐫 𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐨𝐫𝐲. 𝐇𝐨𝐰 𝐰𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐝 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐬𝐞𝐭 𝐮𝐩 𝐚 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐦𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐥 𝐢𝐧
𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐁𝐈 𝐭𝐨 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐰 𝐬𝐚𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐟𝐢𝐠𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐬 𝐛𝐲 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭 𝐧𝐚𝐦𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐨𝐫𝐲?

✅ Load both the sales data and product data into Power BI. In the Model view, create a
relationship between the "Product ID" column in the sales data and the "Product ID"
column in the product data. This allows you to use product names and categories in your
sales reports.

83. 𝐘𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐫 𝐰𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐡𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐟𝐢𝐠𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐫𝐞𝐝
𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐬𝐞 𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐧. 𝐇𝐨𝐰 𝐰𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐝 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐚 𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞
𝐯𝐢𝐬𝐮𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧?

✅ In the table visualization, go to the "Values" section, click on the field you want to
format, and select "Conditional formatting". Set the rules to highlight values below the
target in red and those above the target in green.
84. 𝐘𝐨𝐮 𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐞 𝐚 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐭 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐬 𝐟𝐮𝐥𝐥 𝐧𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭 "𝐋𝐚𝐬𝐭
𝐍𝐚𝐦𝐞, 𝐅𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐍𝐚𝐦𝐞". 𝐇𝐨𝐰 𝐰𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐝 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐬𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐧 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐰𝐨 𝐬𝐞𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐧𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫
"𝐅𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐍𝐚𝐦𝐞" 𝐚𝐧𝐝 "𝐋𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐍𝐚𝐦𝐞" 𝐢𝐧 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐐𝐮𝐞𝐫𝐲?

✅ In Power Query Editor, use the "Split Column" feature. Choose "By Delimiter" and
select the comma as the delimiter. This will split the column into two separate columns
for "First Name" and "Last Name".

85. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗱𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗳𝗶𝗲𝗹𝗱𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝘆𝗼𝘂𝗿 𝗱𝗮𝘁𝗮𝘀𝗲𝘁 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗶𝗻 𝗺𝘂𝗹𝘁𝗶𝗽𝗹𝗲 𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗮𝘁𝘀 (𝗲.𝗴., "𝗠𝗠/𝗗𝗗/𝗬𝗬𝗬𝗬", "𝗗𝗗-𝗠𝗠-
𝗬𝗬𝗬𝗬", "𝗬𝗬𝗬𝗬.𝗠𝗠.𝗗𝗗"). 𝗛𝗼𝘄 𝘄𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗱 𝘆𝗼𝘂 𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗮𝗿𝗱𝗶𝘇𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝘀𝗲 𝗱𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗮𝘁𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗣𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗕𝗜?
✅ In Power Query, I would use the "Change Type" option to convert the date columns to
a consistent date format. If necessary, I would use custom column transformations with M
language to parse and reformat the dates. Ensuring that all date values are in a
standardized format (e.g., "YYYY-MM-DD") would help in maintaining consistency and
ease of analysis.

86. 𝗬𝗼𝘂 𝗵𝗮𝘃𝗲 𝗮 𝘀𝗮𝗹𝗲𝘀 𝗳𝗮𝗰𝘁 𝘁𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗮𝗻 𝗶𝗻𝘃𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝗳𝗮𝗰𝘁 𝘁𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲. 𝗛𝗼𝘄 𝘄𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗱 𝘆𝗼𝘂 𝗺𝗼𝗱𝗲𝗹 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝘀𝗲
𝘁𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗣𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗕𝗜 𝘁𝗼 𝗮𝗹𝗹𝗼𝘄 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗲𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗮𝗹𝘆𝘀𝗶𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗯𝗼𝘁𝗵 𝘀𝗮𝗹𝗲𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗶𝗻𝘃𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝗱𝗮𝘁𝗮?
✅ In Power BI, I would use a star schema to model the data. I would create dimension
tables (e.g., Date, Product, Store) and link both fact tables to these common dimension
tables using relationships. This allows for a unified view of sales and inventory data,
enabling cross-table analysis. I would also ensure that the relationships are properly
defined, typically using a one-to-many relationship from the dimension tables to the fact
tables.

87. 𝗛𝗼𝘄 𝘄𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗱 𝘆𝗼𝘂 𝗶𝗺𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁 𝗱𝗮𝘁𝗮 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗮 𝘄𝗲𝗯 𝗽𝗮𝗴𝗲 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗼 𝗣𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗕𝗜?
✅ I would click on "Get Data" -> "Web," enter the URL of the web page, optionally
configure parameters or headers, transform the data using Power Query as needed, and
then load it into Power BI.

88. 𝗬𝗼𝘂 𝗻𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝘆𝗼𝘂𝗿 𝗱𝗮𝘁𝗮𝘀𝗲𝘁 𝗵𝗮𝘀 𝗺𝗶𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘃𝗮𝗹𝘂𝗲𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝗮𝗹𝗲𝘀 𝗰𝗼𝗹𝘂𝗺𝗻. 𝗛𝗼𝘄 𝘄𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗱 𝘆𝗼𝘂
𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗹𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝘀𝗲 𝗺𝗶𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘃𝗮𝗹𝘂𝗲𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗣𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗕𝗜?
✅ In Power Query, I would identify the missing values in the sales column. I could
choose to either remove rows with missing values, replace them with a default value such
as zero, or use a data imputation technique like filling with the average sales value. The
choice would depend on the context and how critical the missing data is for the analysis.

89. 𝗬𝗼𝘂 𝗵𝗮𝘃𝗲 𝗮 𝗣𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗕𝗜 𝗿𝗲𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗱𝗶𝘀𝗽𝗹𝗮𝘆𝘀 𝘀𝗮𝗹𝗲𝘀 𝗱𝗮𝘁𝗮 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗿𝗲 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗮𝗻𝘆.
𝗠𝗮𝗻𝗮𝗴𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝘄𝗮𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝘁𝗼 𝗯𝗲 𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝘁𝗼 𝗳𝗶𝗹𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗱𝗮𝘁𝗮 𝗯𝘆 𝘀𝗽𝗲𝗰𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗰 𝗿𝗲𝗴𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀. 𝗛𝗼𝘄 𝘄𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗱 𝘆𝗼𝘂
𝗮𝗱𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗳𝘂𝗻𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝘁𝗼 𝘆𝗼𝘂𝗿 𝗿𝗲𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁?
✅ I would add a slicer visual to the report and set it to filter by the Region column. This
 would allow users to select specific regions from the slicer, and the visuals in the report
would update to show data only for the selected regions.

90. 𝗬𝗼𝘂 𝗵𝗮𝘃𝗲 𝗮 𝗱𝗮𝘁𝗮𝘀𝗲𝘁 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗶𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘀𝗮𝗹𝗲𝘀 𝗱𝗮𝘁𝗮 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗰𝗼𝗹𝘂𝗺𝗻𝘀 𝘀𝘂𝗰𝗵 𝗮𝘀 𝗗𝗮𝘁𝗲, 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁, 𝗦𝗮𝗹𝗲𝘀
𝗔𝗺𝗼𝘂𝗻𝘁, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗥𝗲𝗴𝗶𝗼𝗻. 𝗛𝗼𝘄 𝘄𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗱 𝘆𝗼𝘂 𝗰𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗮 𝘀𝗶𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗲 𝘀𝗮𝗹𝗲𝘀 𝘀𝘂𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝗿𝗲𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁 𝗶𝗻 𝗣𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿
𝗕𝗜 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝘀𝗵𝗼𝘄𝘀 𝘁𝗼𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝘀𝗮𝗹𝗲𝘀, 𝘀𝗮𝗹𝗲𝘀 𝗯𝘆 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘀𝗮𝗹𝗲𝘀 𝗯𝘆 𝗿𝗲𝗴𝗶𝗼𝗻?
✅ I would import the dataset into Power BI and clean the data if necessary. To create the
sales summary report, I would use a card visual for total sales, a bar chart for sales by
product, and a map or column chart for sales by region. I would also use slicers for
filtering by date and region.

91. 𝗔 𝘂𝘀𝗲𝗿 𝗿𝗲𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗮 𝗽𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗶𝘀𝗵𝗲𝗱 𝗣𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗕𝗜 𝗿𝗲𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁 𝗶𝘀 𝗻𝗼𝘁 𝘀𝗵𝗼𝘄𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗺𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝗿𝗲𝗰𝗲𝗻𝘁
𝗱𝗮𝘁𝗮 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝘆𝗼𝘂𝗿 𝗦𝗤𝗟 𝗱𝗮𝘁𝗮𝗯𝗮𝘀𝗲. 𝗪𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗰𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗱 𝗯𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗽𝗼𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘀𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝘁𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗶𝘀𝘀𝘂𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱
𝗵𝗼𝘄 𝘄𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗱 𝘆𝗼𝘂 𝘁𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗲𝘀𝗵𝗼𝗼𝘁 𝗶𝘁?
Check data refresh settings to ensure scheduled intervals. Verify the data gateway status
for on-premises data sources. Ensure data source permissions. Perform a manual refresh
in the Power BI service.

92. You are tasked with creating a Power BI dashboard that tracks key performance
indicators (KPIs) for your company’s financial performance. What steps would you take
to design and implement this dashboard, and what features would you include?

Identify KPIs with stakeholders. Plan a clear and intuitive layout for the dashboard. Use
appropriate visuals like cards, gauges, and charts to represent KPIs. Connect to relevant
financial data sources and ensure data accuracy. Add filters and slicers for interactivity.
Optimize the dashboard for performance.

93. Your report needs to display sales data for the last 12 months dynamically based on
the current date. What DAX formula would you use to create this measure?

Use DAX to create a measure with the formula:

SalesLast12Months =
CALCULATE(
SUM(Sales[SalesAmount]),
DATESINPERIOD(DateTable[Date], TODAY(), -12, MONTH)
)

94. The sales team needs to access Power BI reports on their mobile devices. How
would you ensure the reports are mobile-friendly and provide a good user
experience?
Use the mobile layout feature in Power BI Desktop to design a mobile-specific layout.
Optimize visuals for smaller screens by using responsive visuals and simplifying the report
design. Test the mobile layout on actual devices to ensure usability and performance.
95. Your Power BI report needs to display sales data with different levels of granularity,
such as daily, monthly, and yearly. How would you implement this functionality?

Use a date hierarchy in your date table to create visuals that can drill down through
different time levels. Enable drill-through and drill-down capabilities on visuals to allow
users to explore data at various granularities. Provide slicers for selecting specific time
periods.

96. You need to create a report that includes geographic data analysis, such as mapping
customer locations and visualizing sales by region. How would you achieve this?

Use map visuals like the map or filled map visual in Power BI. Ensure geographic data is
properly formatted and geocoded. Configure the map visual settings to display customer
locations and sales data by region. Use tooltips to show additional data on the map.

97. Your data model includes multiple tables with complex relationships. How would
you ensure data integrity and avoid circular dependencies?

Carefully design the relationships to ensure they are unidirectional and follow the star
schema pattern. Avoid many-to-many relationships and circular dependencies by using
bridge tables if necessary. Regularly review the model for any issues.

98. Can you describe a Power BI project you worked on recently? What was the
objective and how did you approach it?

In my recent Power BI project, the objective was to create a comprehensive sales

dashboard for our regional sales teams. I started by gathering data from multiple sources
including our CRM system and Excel spreadsheets. The main challenge was data
inconsistency and missing values, which I addressed by using Power Query to clean and
transform the data. Next, I designed a star schema data model to establish relationships
between the main sales table and supporting tables for products, customers, and dates.
This structure allowed for efficient data aggregation and analysis in Power BI. (Modify as
per your project)

99. What are Aggregations in Power BI and how do they improve performance in large
datasets?
Aggregations in Power BI are pre-calculated summaries of data that help improve
performance when working with large datasets.
By creating aggregated tables, Power BI can perform complex calculations on these
smaller, summarized datasets instead of the entire dataset. This makes queries run faster
and reports more responsive.
Aggregations can automatically switch between detailed data and summarized data
depending on the query, ensuring a smooth user experience while boosting performance.
100. Discuss the importance of dataflows in Power BI and how they contribute to
data management and reusability.

Dataflows in Power BI are important because they help with data management and make
it easier to reuse data.

Here’s how:

Centralized Data Preparation: Dataflows let you create a central place where you
prepare and clean your data. This means you don’t have to do the same work multiple
times for different reports.

Consistency: By using dataflows, you ensure that all your reports use the same cleaned
and prepared data, which helps maintain consistency across your organization.

Reusability: Once you create a dataflow, you can use it in multiple reports and
dashboards. This saves time because you don’t have to repeat the data preparation steps
for each report.

Incremental Refresh: Dataflows support incremental refresh, which means only new or
changed data gets refreshed. This makes data updates faster and more efficient.

Scalability: Using dataflows allows you to handle larger datasets more effectively, as the
heavy lifting of data preparation is done before the data is used in reports.

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