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Formulas For Statistics 2

Formulas for statistics

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Felipe Gomes Dos Reis
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75 views2 pages

Formulas For Statistics 2

Formulas for statistics

Uploaded by

Felipe Gomes Dos Reis
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Formulas for statistics 2

Z-transformation sample Z-transformation population

(𝑥𝑖 − 𝑀𝑥 ) (𝑥𝑖 − 𝜇)
𝑧𝑖 = 𝑧𝑖 =
𝑆𝐷𝑥 𝜎
Standard error sample Standard error population

𝑆𝐷𝑥 𝜎
𝑆𝑒 = 𝜎𝑒 =
√𝑛 √𝑛
One-sample z-test One sample t-test with df = n -1

𝑀𝑥 − 𝜇0 𝑀𝑥 − 𝜇0
𝑧= 𝜎 𝑡=
𝑆𝐷𝑥
√𝑛 √𝑛
t-test for dependent samples t-test for independent samples with df = n-2
with df = n-1
𝑀1 − 𝑀2
𝑀𝑑 𝑡=
𝑡= 𝑆𝐸𝑑
𝑆𝐷𝑑
√𝑛
Effect size Cohens d Interpretation of effect size d

− from 0.20/-0.20: small effect


𝑀 − 𝑀2
𝑑= 1 − from 0.50/-0.50: medium effect
𝑆𝐷𝑝𝑜𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑑 − from 0.80/-0.80: large effect

Analysis of Variance
(ANOVA)

𝑆𝑆𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑆𝑆𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑛
𝑀𝑆𝑆 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 = 𝑀𝑆𝑆 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑛 =
𝑑𝑓𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑓𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑛

dfbetween = number of groups dfwithin = Number of participants


minus 1 minus number of groups
Effect size eta-squared

𝑀𝑆𝑆𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 2 𝑆𝑆𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛
𝐹=  =
𝑀𝑆𝑆𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑛 𝑆𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
Interpretation of effect size partial eta squared
2
 > 0.01 small effect
2
 > 0.06 medium effect
2
 > 0.14 large effect

Chi square test one sample with df = k-1 Chi square test for two samples with df = k-1
𝟐 𝟐
𝒌 𝒑
(𝒇𝒃𝒋 − 𝒇𝒆𝒋 ) 𝒌
(𝒇𝒃𝒋 − 𝒇𝒆𝒋 )
𝝌𝟐 = ∑ 𝝌𝟐 = ∑ ∑
𝒇𝒆 𝒇𝒆
𝒋=𝟏 𝒊=𝟏 𝒋=𝟏

Effect size Cohens = Interpretation

 > 0.1 small effect


𝑋2𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑒𝑑
 > 0.3 medium effect
𝑁
 > 0.5 large effect

Significance test correlation with df = n-2 Significance test regression with df = n-2

𝑟 × √𝑛 − 2 𝑏
𝑡= 𝑡=
√1 − 𝑟 2 𝑠𝑒 𝑏

Confidence intervals:

C.I. (95%) = mean ± 1.96 ∙ standard error

C.I. (99%) = mean ± 2.58 ∙ standard error

Binomial coefficient

𝑛!
(𝑛𝑥) = 𝑥!(𝑛−𝑥)!

Bernoulli formula

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