AGE AND GENDER PREDICTION

BEREE YESWANTH, K SASI KALA RANI

[email protected] , [email protected]

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Alliance University, 562106, Bangalore, India.

ABSTRACT
In this paper we present a highly detailed study of Age task for the traditional methods to achieve high-
and Gender classification with Convolutional Neural accuracy candidature identification. The introduction of
Networks (CNNs). The aim was to build and evaluate a deep learning, more specifically CNN has since
working model that could accurately determine an age changed the scene from only getting simple features to
(and intelligent guess at gender) from just this image extracting sophisticated and high-level object-specific
data. The study involved data collection, preprocessing regions in facial images. Using a large and diverse
and model building; followed by training of the dataset, we use CNNs to capture important facial
transferring ANN models. Our results demonstrate the features. The model is further enhanced using data
effectiveness of CNNs in age and gender classification augmentation techniques and transfer learning from
as well as highlight some major problems encountered, pre-trained models, which improves its accuracy and
implemented solutions to them over the course of this generalizability. To ensure the model's reliability and
project. effectiveness, we conduct performance evaluations
using standard metrics. Furthermore, we address any
INTRODUCTION potential biases in the prediction process to ensure
Age and gender classification are crucial components in fairness and ethical considerations. Our model's high
various applications, including personalized marketing, accuracy and efficiency demonstrate its suitability for
security systems, and human-computer interaction. real-time applications. In conclusion, this study adds to
Traditional methods rely heavily on handcrafted the growing field of automated age and gender
features, which are often insufficient to capture the classification by offering a practical and dependable
complexities of facial characteristics. This study solution. Future research will investigate the
leverages CNNs to automatically learn features from incorporation of additional biometric factors to improve
raw pixel data, aiming to enhance classification predictions and broaden the model's applicability across
accuracy. domains.

Imagist inferencing of age and gender from facial Keywords: CNN, Human computer interaction, pre-
images is one of the most frequently visited research trained models, reliability, prediction, performance
topics for its applications in various domains like evaluation, accuracy, real-time applications.
targeted marketing, security implementations, human
computer interaction (HCI), social-media analytics etc.
LITERATURE SURVEY
Being able to automatically do this with high accuracy
is very important as it can boost user experience and Rajiv Kumar et al [1]. Recently, significant
give us useful information in many contexts. Predicting improvement was reported in an area of age and gender
Age and Gender: Prediction of human Demographic, classification using CNNs [1]. Prior attempts were
age and gender is a difficult task due to the natural based on hand-selected features that did very badly with
variability in human faces between different real world images. CNNs achieve better performance
demographics, unrealistic lighting conditions and facial because they can automatically extract features from the
expressions. These complexities had made it difficult images and hence are also able to deal with complex
input data. For example, a CNN model has achieved an
accuracy rate of 84.8% in age classification on big
dataset while only reaching the approximated document
class article 52.3% for classical methods.
Advancements in training methods and network
architectures have resulted in CNNs becoming widely
used for tasks such as age, gender classification.

Dasari Rohith Satya saiet al. [2]. the image processing

field can enhance and include in the detection of age,
gender from faces. Image processing is achieved to
enhance and extract information from images, that are
beneficial in kinds of fields including medicine or
satellite imagery. At the next level, deep learning is
employed to count people and determine male/female
gender we require deeper model. Who are my
customers, one of the key aspects that a business or
security should know point. Finally, the paper
emphasizes dataset preparation and strong machine
learning methods as well as a range to establish
working.

Insha Rafique et al. [3] This paper is the least difficult

of them and depends on Deep Convolutional Neural
Networks for Age and Gender Prediction. The first
approaches would compare the ratio of base to face, for
example nose-eye mouth ratios. At the time of
Advancements: Now newer methods are based on
Machine Learning techniques, such as Gaussian
mixture models and support vector machines. The
authors follow this up with Deep Convolutional Neural
Networks (CNNs) to a higher level of accuracy. High
quality facial images have been hitting the news and
many researchers now swear that Convolutional Neural
Networks are must for predicting age with an added fine
print on gender prediction.

METHODOLOGY
The dataset used in this study comprises publicly
available facial images labelled with age and gender.
Data preprocessing steps included:

1. Data Augmentation: Techniques such as rotation,

scaling, and flipping were applied to increase data
diversity.
2. Normalization: Pixel values were normalized to a
range of [0, 1].
3. Resizing: Images were resized to a standard
dimension of 128x128 pixels. Fig 1 Model Architecture
This is the architecture of a Convolutional Neural
Network (CNN) for image classification. Input Layer
receives the image data and then is followed by 3 x
Conv2D layers perform convolution operations to
extract features, paired with MaxPooling2D that
reduces feature maps (drops certain information but
kept relevant info.) The o/p from the last
MaxPooling2D layer is flattened i.e., converted into a
1-dimensional vector then fed to densely connected
Dense layers which in turn gets refined feedback about
its surface. To avoid overfitting dropout layers are Fig 3 Loss Graph
added to randomly set a fraction of the input units to
zero during training. The final dense layer output, which Observations & Analysis
is relative and the number of classes in a classification Creating a machine learning model for age and
function This structure slowly pulls and marshals the gender prediction using facial images necessitates
items up, with by classification decision. meticulous data collection, preprocessing, and
The CNN architecture was built to find the right model development. The process begins with the
balance between complexities and performance, which selection of a comprehensive dataset, such as
were as follows: UTKFace, which contains diverse facial images
1. Convolutional Layers: With Convolved filters of labelled with age and gender. Preprocessing steps
different sizes, they help in feature extraction. include resizing images to a standardized
2. Pooling Layers: To down-sample the spatial dimension, converting to grayscale, and
dimensions and reduce the computational load. normalizing pixel values to ensure uniformity and
3. Type 3: Feedforward Networks (Fully Connected
optimal input for the convolutional neural network
Layers): To classify data Points into distinct categories
(CNN). The CNN architecture, which includes
4. Dropout: Is a regularization technique where during
convolutional and max-pooling layers allows for
training, the output of some units is randomly set to 0
(it can prevent overfitting). efficient feature extraction and model training.
During validation, hyperparameters are fine-tuned
Model Training to avoid overfitting and ensure the model's
These are compiled with the needed loss, metrics and robustness and accuracy in predicting gender and
optimizers before its fitted using 598 epochs of an age.
early stopping patience = 30.

Fig 4: Training and validation Accuracy for

Gender Prediction and MAE for Age Prediction
over Epochs.
Fig 2 Accuracy graph
RESULTS
Gender prediction showed high training accuracy and
slightly lower validation accuracy, indicating good
generalization with some overfitting. Training loss
consistently decreased, while validation loss decreased
more slowly. Age prediction displayed a decreasing
trend in training MAE, demonstrating learning, but
validation MAE decreased less sharply, suggesting
improvement areas. Training loss for age decreased, and
validation loss followed, showing a need for better
generalization. When it comes to age and gender
categorization tasks, the CNN model has demonstrated
excellent performance. The model's efficacy in
predicting gender is demonstrated by the excellent
gender classification accuracy, precision, recall, and F1
score. Similarly, the model's ability to estimate ages Fig 5 Age & Gender Detection
reliably is demonstrated by the low MAE and MSE
values. These outcomes highlight how the CNN model
processes and interprets visual input for age and gender
prediction with resilience and dependability. The CONCLUSION
capacity of the model to derive significant attributes This study demonstrates the potential of CNNs in age
and gender classification, achieving high accuracy and
from photos and generate accurate forecasts is vital for
reliability. Future work will focus on exploring more
diverse domains such as demographic evaluation,
advanced models, expanding the dataset, and applying
focused advertising, and customized user interfaces.
Our CNN model's robustness and accuracy for transfer learning techniques. CNN has shown to be a
classifying people based on their age and gender are very successful method for classifying people based on
shown by their findings. The gender categorization their age and gender, with outstanding accuracy rates.
model's balanced precision and recall metrics, along The capacity of convolutional neural networks to
extract features from images has resulted in notable
with its high accuracy, demonstrate its dependability in
gender prediction. In a similar vein, the model's ability progress in this area. Researchers have successfully
created models that can reliably categorize people
to reliably estimate ages is highlighted by the low MAE
and MSE values for age prediction in addition to a high according to their age and gender by utilizing CNN.
There are numerous uses for this technology in the
R² value. These findings support the CNN architecture's
healthcare, marketing, and security sectors, among
effectiveness in identifying and deciphering pertinent
other businesses. Utilizing CNN has enhanced decision-
information from input photos, which makes it a potent
making processes by decreasing errors and increasing
tool for tasks involving the classification of people
the efficiency and accuracy of classifying people based
based on their age and gender. Subsequent efforts can
on their age and gender. CNN-based age and gender
concentrate on enhancing these metrics even more
classification is set to transform several industries due
through model optimization and the investigation of
to the growing need for automated solutions. Numerous
new data augmentation methods.
trials and assessments have proven CNN models'
robustness. CNN’s ability to classify people by age and
gender has created new opportunities for study and
advancement. Because of its dependability and
accuracy, CNN models are now a crucial component of
many applications. We can anticipate even more precise
and effective age and gender classification systems as
technology advances. In terms of age and gender
classification, CNN has shown itself to be a game-
changer, and in the years to come, its influence will only
increase.
FUTURE WORK REFERENCES
The CNN model has demonstrated encouraging
performance in classifying people based on their age 1. Levi, G., & Hassner, T. (2015). Age and gender
and gender, with tolerable error rates in age prediction classification using convolutional neural networks.
and excellent accuracy in gender classification. Still, Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer
Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops, 34-42.
there's always space for development. The following
2. Rothe, R., Timofte, R., & Van Gool, L. (2016).
suggestions and prospective avenues to improve the Deep expectation of real and apparent age from a
model's functionality and increase its scope of use are single image without facial landmarks.
listed: International Journal of Computer Vision, 126-143.
3. Ranjan, R., Patel, V. M., & Chellappa, R. (2017).
Data Enrichment: To artificially increase the size of Hyperface: A deep multi-task learning framework
the training dataset, apply data augmentation techniques for face detection, landmark localization, pose
including random rotations, shifts, flips, and brightness estimation, and gender recognition. IEEE
modifications. Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine
intelligence
Multitask Learning: Use a multitask learning strategy
in which the model predicts gender and age at the same
time.

Real-time Implementation: Create a real-time version

of the model for use in interactive systems, mobile apps,
and surveillance.

Explainability and Interpretability: To visualize

which areas of the image the model is focusing on while
making predictions, use explainability techniques like
Grad-CAM.