Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction: Quarter 2 Week 3

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SHS

DISASTER READINESS AND DRRR


QUARTER 2
RISK REDUCTION WEEK 3
MR. JULIE B. GREGORIO

Quarter 2 – Week 3 Subject Teacher

Module 3- Signs of Impending Hydrometeorological Hazards


DISASTER READINESS AND RISK REDUCTION
Grade 11/12 Quarter 2 - Module 3- Signs of Impending Hydrometeorological
Hazards
First Edition, 2020

Copyright © 2020
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form without
written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: JAY-R LIBATIQUE

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team

Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos Jr., P II

Management Team:

Atty. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.


Schools Division Superintendent

Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph.D.


Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

German E. Flora, Ph.D., CID Chief

Virgilio C. Boado, Ph.D., EPS in Charge of LRMS

Rominel S. Sobremonte, Ed.D., EPS in Charge of Science

Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II


Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II

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DISASTER READINESS AND
RISK REDUCTION
Quarter 2 – Week 3
Module 3- Signs of Impending
Hydrometeorological Hazards
Target

The module is intended to help you understand the hydrometeorology


hazard, different hydrometeorological weather systems its effect and to
provide early warning to prevent with cause the loss of lives, injury or other
health impacts, damages to property, loss of livelihoods and services, social
and economic disruption, and environmental damage

After going through this learning material, you are expected to:

1. Recognizes signs of impending hydrometeorological hazards


(DRR11/12-IIc-d-33)
2. Interpret different hydrometeorological hazard maps (DRR11/12-
IIc-d-35)
3. Use available tools for monitoring hydrometeorological hazards
(DRR11/12-IIc-d-36)

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Jumpstart

Activity 1: Identifying hydrometeorology hazards.

Direction: Identify the following statement that recognizes of pending


hydrometeorology by choosing your answer on the box below. Write the
letter of the correct answer on the space provided before each number.

A. EL NIŇO B. FLOOD C. LA NIŇA


D. THUNDERSTORM E. TYPHOON F. STORM SURGE
G. CYCLONE

1. Intense low pressure 6. Cloud formation


2. Distant thunder 7. Low pressure
3. Hot weather 8. Drought condition
4. Lighting wind 9. Rising of water
5. Heavier rainfall 10. Muddy water

Discover

What is hydrology?
Scientific discipline concerned with the waters of the Earth, including
their occurrence, distribution, and circulation via the hydrologic cycle and
interactions with living things. It also deals with the chemical and physical
properties of water in all its phases.

What is meteorology?
Scientific study of atmospheric phenomena, particularly of
the troposphere and lower stratosphere. Meteorology entails the systematic
study of weather and its causes, and provides the basis for weather
forecasting

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What is Hydrometeorology?

Hydrometeorology involves studying tropical depressions, super-


typhoons, droughts, and desertification, among others. It is studying natural
phenomena with atmospheric, hydrological, or oceanographic origin. It is the
study of the transfer of water and energy between the earth’s surface and
lower atmosphere. As we study how the weather and water flow and energy
work together to create distinct weather conditions, we begin to understand
the dynamics of hydrometeorology and how it affects our everyday lives

Hydrometeorological Weather Systems

In the Philippines, we experience a variety of weather systems both in


the dry and wet seasons. Other countries experience their own weather
systems. These different weather systems are powerful of nature that can
lead to disasters as produces many hydrometeorological hazards

What is Hydrometeorological Hazards?

According to the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction


(UNISDR), hydrometeorological hazards are process of atmospheric,
hydrologic, or oceanographic nature, with cause the loss of lives, injury or
other health impacts, damages to property, loss of livelihoods and services,
social and economic disruption, and environmental damage.

Potential Hydrometeorological Hazards

The following are the most common Hydrometeorological hazards as defined


by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

CYCLONE STORM SURGE


TYPHOON EL NIŇO
THUNDERSTORM LA NIŇA
FLOOD

 CYCLONE

A cyclone is an intense low-pressure system which is characterized


by strong spiral winds towards the center called “EYE” in a counter-
clockwise flow in the northern hemisphere. Hazards due to tropical
cyclone are strong winds with heavy rainfall that can cause
widespread flooding, flash floods, storm surges, landslides, and
mudflows.

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Classification of Cyclone

1. Tropical Depression - maximum winds from 35 kilometers per


hour (kph) to 63 kph
- This refers to a low-pressure area
forming over warm sea and oceans and made up of merging
thunderstorms.

2. Tropical Storm - maximum from 64 kph to 118 kph


- The weather system takes on a more
definite circular form as the winds rotate around center.
3. Typhoon - maximum exceeding 118 kph
- In this category, the “eye” of the typhoon
is formed, referring to the relatively calm area at the center
surrounded by the spinning winds.

 TYPHOON
Typhoons cause a variety of impacts to vegetation including pruned
or downed vegetation from intense wind, defoliation and damage from
wind, heavy rain and salt spray, and mortality by saltwater
inundation in low-lying areas (Kerr, 2000).
Typhoons can inflict terrible damage due to thunderstorms, violent
winds, torrential rain, floods, landslides, large and very big waves
associated with storm surges.

 THUNDERSTORM
A thunderstorm is weather condition that produces lighting and
thunder, heavy rainfall from cumulonimbus clouds and possibly a
tornado. The typical thunderstorm caused by convection occurs when
the sun’s warmth has heated a large body of moist air near the
ground. This air rises and called by expansion. The cooling condenses
the water vapor present in the air, forming a cumulus cloud.

 FLOOD
A flood occurs when a normally dry piece is covered by a large amount
of water. This can be brought by excessive rainfall, or when the level
rises. Floods usually affect areas which are low-lying, and where land
meets the sea or another body of water. Floods are one of the most
common natural disaster, second only to fires.

 STORM SURGE
A storm surge is the abnormal rise of water level in coastal areas
brought about by the strong winds, waves, and low atmospheric
pressure of a storm. This is higher than the normal or regular
astronomical tide. A storm surge is the result of the push of winds
and pressure on the water towards the shore.

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 EL NIŇO
El Niño is characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the
Equatorial Pacific, as opposed to La Niña, which is characterized by
unusually cold ocean temperatures in the Equatorial Pacific. El Niño is
an oscillation of the ocean-atmosphere system in the tropical Pacific
having important consequences for weather around the globe.

 LA NIŇA
This phenomenon is the counter part of El Niňo. It occurs when the
sea temperature of the Pacific Ocean changes to lower than usual, by
three to five degrees Celcius. In the Philippines, La Niňa makes the
wet season even wetter, and increase the chances of formation of
tropical cyclones.

Signs of Impending
Hydrometeorological
Hazards
CYCLONE intense low pressure, strong winds with heavy rainfall
TYPHOON increase ocean swell, barometric pressure drops, wind
speed, heavier rainfall
THUNDERSTORM cloud formation, darkening sky, lighting wind
FLOOD continuous storm, typhoons and rain, distant thunder,
rapidly rising water, muddy water, water carries debris
STORM SURGE cumulus-nimbus clouds, darker sky, low pressure,
strong winds, rising of water
EL NIŇO hot weather, high pressure, change in temperature,
gradually drying of land, increase in drought conditions.
LA NIŇA usually, warm ocean temperature

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Activity 2: Enumeration: What are the things to be done once we
experience hydrometeorological hazards?

Hydrometeorological What to do What to do What to do after


Hazard before during

CYCLONE

TYPHOON

THUNDERSTORM

FLOOD

STORM SURGE

EL NIŇO

LA NIŇA

Explore

Activity 3: Interpret the different maps of the towns in La Union


by answering the guided questions.

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1. Do you think the town of Bacnotan has a low flood susceptibility? Why?

2. If the town of Bagulin has a red mark therefore people along the area
must stay at home even if the rain is unstoppable. Yes or No.

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3. How can you say that the town of Luna has a low landslide
susceptibility?

4. What do you think is the very risky hazard in the town of Tubao?

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5. What are the different hydrometeorological hazards present in the town
of Sudipen? (From high risk to low risk)

Deepen

Activity 4: Identification: Identify the statement that best


describes to the meteorological instrument thru arrange the
unscrambled letters to get the correct answer.
1. DINW NESVA -
They may be used with our data loggers in research, air quality, and
general-purpose meteorological applications

2. INWD PEDES SORENS -


The term is derived from the Greek word “anemos,” which means wind, and
is used to describe any wind speed instrument used in meteorology.

3. ILAH SAPD -
It is a Styrofoam blocks that are often created to have a twelve-inch length
and a twelve-inch width.

4. TERTHERMOEM -
It measures the degree of hotness or coldness of a given substance.

5. YMIHUTDI ROSNES -
Based on our robust capacitive technology, these sensors provide accurate
measurement of dew point and absolute humidity.

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Meteorological Instruments and their Uses

Thermometer
A thermometer measures the degree
of hotness or coldness of a given
substance. It operates on the principle of thermal expansion of the material
used, e.g., liquids like mercury and alcohol, metallic materials, etc. Mercury
is one of the liquids very sensitive to changes of temperature. When the
substance to be measured is warm, mercury expands and rises in the
capillary tube. When it cools, mercury contracts.

Humidity Sensor
It is a device that detects and
measures water vapor. Based on us
robust capacitive technology, these humidity sensors provide accurate
measurement of dew point and absolute humidity by combining
relative humidity (RH) and temperature (T) measurements

Atmospheric Pressure
Mercurial Barometer
A mercurial barometer is a
simple barometer made by filling
a glass tube 32 inches long with mercury and inverting it so that the open
end of the tube is below the surface of mercury in a cistern. The height of
the mercury column is measured by sliding a vernier attached on a scale.
To obtain accurate measurements, corrections are made for temperature
expansion of the instrument, gravity, and latitude. Values are read in
millibars, millimeters or inches of mercury.

Wind Speed Sensor


An anemometer is a device used for
measuring wind speed and
direction. It is also a common
weather station instrument. The
term is derived from the Greek word “anemos,” which means wind, and
is used to describe any wind speed instrument used in meteorology.

Rain Gauge
It is tipping bucket type and
measures precipitation.
Precipitation entering the funnel is
filtrated and dropped in the tipping
bucket. After reaching a certain
amount of rain in the bucket, the
bucket is tipped one (1) time and it is counted as pulse signal.

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Wind Vanes
It measures wind direction and
are often used with anemometers,
which measure wind speed. Most
of our wind sensors are modified
slightly from the manufacturers'
stock items so that they may be
used with our data loggers in
research, air quality, and general-purpose meteorological applications.

Hail Pads
Hail pads are one-inch-thick
Styrofoam blocks that are often
created to have a twelve-inch
length and a twelve-inch width. A
volunteer network
of weather observers, Community
Collaborative Rain, Hail & Snow Network (CoCoRaHS), was organized in
1998 to help document rain, hail, and snow measurements.

Activity 5: Essay: Answer the questions base on the facts that is


being discussed on the lesson.

1. Why is the Philippines prone to tropical cyclones or storms?


2. How does the El Niño phenomenon affect agricultural production?
3. What is the best thing to do in facing different hydrometeorological
hazard?
4. Why do you need to know on how to interpret hydrometeorological
hazard maps?
5. As a learner, how can you help the community in times of natural
calamities that may arise?

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GAUGE

Directions: Read and analyze each question before you answer. Write the
letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper for your answer.

1. It is a simple barometer made by filling a glass tube 32 inches long


with mercury and inverting it so that the open end of the tube is
below the surface of mercury in a cistern.
A. Atmospheric Pressure C. Mercurial Barometer
B. Hail Pads D. Rain Gauge

2. In Flooding, areas likely to experience flood heights between 0.5-


1 meter or flood duration from 1-3 days.
A. High flood susceptibility C. Moderate flood susceptibility
B. Low flood susceptibility D. Very high flood susceptibility

3. It is deals with the chemical and physical properties of water in


all its phases
A. Chemistry C. Hydrometeorology
B. Hydrology D. Meteorology

4. It is scientific study of atmospheric phenomena, particularly of


the troposphere and lower stratosphere.
A. Biology C. Hydrometeorology
B. Hydrology D. Meteorology

5. What hydrometeorological hazard has the result push of winds and


pressure on the water towards the shore.
A. Cyclone B. Flood C. Storm Surge D. Typhoon

6. It occurs when the sea temperature of the Pacific Ocean changes to


lower than usual, by three to five degrees Celsius.
A. El Niňo B. La Niňa C. Thunderstorm D. Typhoon

7. This refers to a low-pressure area forming over warm sea


and oceans and made up of merging thunderstorms.
A. Cyclone C. Tropical Storm
B. Tropical Depression D. Typhoon

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8. It involves studying tropical depressions, super-typhoons,
droughts, and desertification, among others. It is studying natural
phenomena with atmospheric, hydrological, or oceanographic
origin.
A. Astronomy C. Hydrometeorology
B. Hydrology D. Meteorology

9. Which among the signs of impending hydrometeorological


hazards?
has cloud formation, darkening sky, lighting wind?
A. Flood C. Thunderstorm
B. Storm Surge D. Typhoon

10. How can you identify very high landslide susceptibility?


A. Areas with numerous old /inactive landslides.
B. Gently sloping areas with no identified landslides
C. Recent landslides escarpments tension cracks are present
D. Soil creep and other indications of possible landslide’s occurrence
are present

B. Answer this question briefly but with sense. 5 points

As a concerned member of your community, how can you help


your neighbors during natural calamities?

Rubrics:

Very informative and well-organized 5


Somewhat informative and organized 4
Gives some new information and organized 3
Gives few new information and poorly 2
organized
Gives no new information and very poorly 1
organized

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Key Answer:

Activity 1: Activity 4:

G WIND VANES
B WIND SPEED SENSOR
A HAIL PADS
D THERMOMETER
E HUMIDITY SENSOR
D
F
A
F 10.B

Gauge:
A. B.
C Answer may vary
C
B
D
C
B
B
C
C 10.C

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References:

Printed Materials:

Juliano S. Parena Jr. (2016) Hydrometeorological Hazards, PHOENIX


PUBLISHING HOUSE, INC, 927 Quezon Avenue, Quezon City (pp.
176- 189).

Francisco Ron De Guzman and Denise Ann-Marie R. Suarez (2016)


Hydrometeorological Hazards, Vibal Group, Inc.1253 G. Araneta Avenue,
Quezon City (pp. 74-81).

Website:

https://www.britannica.com/science/hydrology

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-
sciences/typhoon

https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/elnino/what-is-el-nino

https://www.directindustry.com/industrial-manufacturer/barometric-
pressure-sensor-105413.html

http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/learning-tools/weather-instruments

Civil Defense ppt. (2013-2016) Ilocos-Pangasinan


Region Government Center II, Aguila, Sevilla, 2500
San Fernando, Philippines

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