Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction: Quarter 2 Week 3
Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction: Quarter 2 Week 3
Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction: Quarter 2 Week 3
Copyright © 2020
La Union Schools Division
Region I
All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form without
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Management Team:
i
DISASTER READINESS AND
RISK REDUCTION
Quarter 2 – Week 3
Module 3- Signs of Impending
Hydrometeorological Hazards
Target
After going through this learning material, you are expected to:
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Jumpstart
Discover
What is hydrology?
Scientific discipline concerned with the waters of the Earth, including
their occurrence, distribution, and circulation via the hydrologic cycle and
interactions with living things. It also deals with the chemical and physical
properties of water in all its phases.
What is meteorology?
Scientific study of atmospheric phenomena, particularly of
the troposphere and lower stratosphere. Meteorology entails the systematic
study of weather and its causes, and provides the basis for weather
forecasting
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What is Hydrometeorology?
CYCLONE
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Classification of Cyclone
TYPHOON
Typhoons cause a variety of impacts to vegetation including pruned
or downed vegetation from intense wind, defoliation and damage from
wind, heavy rain and salt spray, and mortality by saltwater
inundation in low-lying areas (Kerr, 2000).
Typhoons can inflict terrible damage due to thunderstorms, violent
winds, torrential rain, floods, landslides, large and very big waves
associated with storm surges.
THUNDERSTORM
A thunderstorm is weather condition that produces lighting and
thunder, heavy rainfall from cumulonimbus clouds and possibly a
tornado. The typical thunderstorm caused by convection occurs when
the sun’s warmth has heated a large body of moist air near the
ground. This air rises and called by expansion. The cooling condenses
the water vapor present in the air, forming a cumulus cloud.
FLOOD
A flood occurs when a normally dry piece is covered by a large amount
of water. This can be brought by excessive rainfall, or when the level
rises. Floods usually affect areas which are low-lying, and where land
meets the sea or another body of water. Floods are one of the most
common natural disaster, second only to fires.
STORM SURGE
A storm surge is the abnormal rise of water level in coastal areas
brought about by the strong winds, waves, and low atmospheric
pressure of a storm. This is higher than the normal or regular
astronomical tide. A storm surge is the result of the push of winds
and pressure on the water towards the shore.
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EL NIŇO
El Niño is characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the
Equatorial Pacific, as opposed to La Niña, which is characterized by
unusually cold ocean temperatures in the Equatorial Pacific. El Niño is
an oscillation of the ocean-atmosphere system in the tropical Pacific
having important consequences for weather around the globe.
LA NIŇA
This phenomenon is the counter part of El Niňo. It occurs when the
sea temperature of the Pacific Ocean changes to lower than usual, by
three to five degrees Celcius. In the Philippines, La Niňa makes the
wet season even wetter, and increase the chances of formation of
tropical cyclones.
Signs of Impending
Hydrometeorological
Hazards
CYCLONE intense low pressure, strong winds with heavy rainfall
TYPHOON increase ocean swell, barometric pressure drops, wind
speed, heavier rainfall
THUNDERSTORM cloud formation, darkening sky, lighting wind
FLOOD continuous storm, typhoons and rain, distant thunder,
rapidly rising water, muddy water, water carries debris
STORM SURGE cumulus-nimbus clouds, darker sky, low pressure,
strong winds, rising of water
EL NIŇO hot weather, high pressure, change in temperature,
gradually drying of land, increase in drought conditions.
LA NIŇA usually, warm ocean temperature
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Activity 2: Enumeration: What are the things to be done once we
experience hydrometeorological hazards?
CYCLONE
TYPHOON
THUNDERSTORM
FLOOD
STORM SURGE
EL NIŇO
LA NIŇA
Explore
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1. Do you think the town of Bacnotan has a low flood susceptibility? Why?
2. If the town of Bagulin has a red mark therefore people along the area
must stay at home even if the rain is unstoppable. Yes or No.
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3. How can you say that the town of Luna has a low landslide
susceptibility?
4. What do you think is the very risky hazard in the town of Tubao?
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5. What are the different hydrometeorological hazards present in the town
of Sudipen? (From high risk to low risk)
Deepen
3. ILAH SAPD -
It is a Styrofoam blocks that are often created to have a twelve-inch length
and a twelve-inch width.
4. TERTHERMOEM -
It measures the degree of hotness or coldness of a given substance.
5. YMIHUTDI ROSNES -
Based on our robust capacitive technology, these sensors provide accurate
measurement of dew point and absolute humidity.
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Meteorological Instruments and their Uses
Thermometer
A thermometer measures the degree
of hotness or coldness of a given
substance. It operates on the principle of thermal expansion of the material
used, e.g., liquids like mercury and alcohol, metallic materials, etc. Mercury
is one of the liquids very sensitive to changes of temperature. When the
substance to be measured is warm, mercury expands and rises in the
capillary tube. When it cools, mercury contracts.
Humidity Sensor
It is a device that detects and
measures water vapor. Based on us
robust capacitive technology, these humidity sensors provide accurate
measurement of dew point and absolute humidity by combining
relative humidity (RH) and temperature (T) measurements
Atmospheric Pressure
Mercurial Barometer
A mercurial barometer is a
simple barometer made by filling
a glass tube 32 inches long with mercury and inverting it so that the open
end of the tube is below the surface of mercury in a cistern. The height of
the mercury column is measured by sliding a vernier attached on a scale.
To obtain accurate measurements, corrections are made for temperature
expansion of the instrument, gravity, and latitude. Values are read in
millibars, millimeters or inches of mercury.
Rain Gauge
It is tipping bucket type and
measures precipitation.
Precipitation entering the funnel is
filtrated and dropped in the tipping
bucket. After reaching a certain
amount of rain in the bucket, the
bucket is tipped one (1) time and it is counted as pulse signal.
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Wind Vanes
It measures wind direction and
are often used with anemometers,
which measure wind speed. Most
of our wind sensors are modified
slightly from the manufacturers'
stock items so that they may be
used with our data loggers in
research, air quality, and general-purpose meteorological applications.
Hail Pads
Hail pads are one-inch-thick
Styrofoam blocks that are often
created to have a twelve-inch
length and a twelve-inch width. A
volunteer network
of weather observers, Community
Collaborative Rain, Hail & Snow Network (CoCoRaHS), was organized in
1998 to help document rain, hail, and snow measurements.
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GAUGE
Directions: Read and analyze each question before you answer. Write the
letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper for your answer.
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8. It involves studying tropical depressions, super-typhoons,
droughts, and desertification, among others. It is studying natural
phenomena with atmospheric, hydrological, or oceanographic
origin.
A. Astronomy C. Hydrometeorology
B. Hydrology D. Meteorology
Rubrics:
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Key Answer:
Activity 1: Activity 4:
G WIND VANES
B WIND SPEED SENSOR
A HAIL PADS
D THERMOMETER
E HUMIDITY SENSOR
D
F
A
F 10.B
Gauge:
A. B.
C Answer may vary
C
B
D
C
B
B
C
C 10.C
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References:
Printed Materials:
Website:
https://www.britannica.com/science/hydrology
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-
sciences/typhoon
https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/elnino/what-is-el-nino
https://www.directindustry.com/industrial-manufacturer/barometric-
pressure-sensor-105413.html
http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/learning-tools/weather-instruments
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