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Lesson 1 - The Contemporary World

First lesson in TCW

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29 views21 pages

Lesson 1 - The Contemporary World

First lesson in TCW

Uploaded by

angelponcemalinao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Defining

GLOBALIZATION
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• define globalization;
• differentiate the different concepts of
globalization;
• discuss the importance of globalization;
and
• articulate the advantages and
disadvantages of globalization.
Globalization
Globalization is a policy both formal and
informal among participating countries. It is the
removal of “artificial barriers” such as tariffs,
quotas, and subsidies to let the market freer
from the intensified flow of goods, services,
technology, information, human resources, and
factors of production on the world market.
Globalization
It is a consequence of modern development
of transport and communication means
seen as a crucial channel of international
integration. Because of this, globalization is
best described as the expansion of the role
of the markets on a global level as all
economies snowballscreen playback into
integration.
According to Manfred Steger,
Globalization is the expansion and intensification
of social relations and consciousness across
world-time and across world-space.
Globalization is the
expansion of social
relations.
The second term
used is
intensification.
This means that
different countries
have become deeply
interconnected not
only economically,
socially but also
politically.
Lastly, Steger talks about the consciousness
across world time and space. In order to
understand this, we need to recognize first that
the globalization as a process is dependent on
technological advancements - the speed through
which ideas, people and products travel in
different parts of the world is made possible due
to inventions and innovations.
Globalization
It is a reality. It is changing as
human society develops.
It is complex, multifaceted,
and can be influenced by the
people who define it.
As we have learned, Globalization may
be defined in just one word:
“integration.”

This integration could be attributed to


the fact that all countries have
scarcities and surpluses in products and
materials, depending on their
geographical and topographical
features.
Why Study
Globalization
1. It is important to study globalization and
development because it will help each one to
become more knowledgeable about the different
phenomena that are happening around the world
right now thus, overcoming parochialism.
Parochialism is an outlook that is limited to one’s
immediate community. A person who is concerned
only with his/her immediate family, village or even a
country is parochial. The parochial person is close
minded. By studying globalization, it will help you
to widen and overcome the limits of your
imagination and outlook.
2. The study of globalization will allow to
have a deeper understanding on the societal
issues, so that one can engage or
participate actively in the development and
improvement in the different fields such as
politics, technology, science, culture,
economy, education, and the like. By being
actively involved, one would be able to
contribute, work hand-in-hand and think of
ways in making our world a better place to
live in.
3. The study of Globalization helps
everyone become connected with the
whole world. By learning about the
various disciplines and approaches
related to it, a lot of opportunities will be
open to contribute something to the
society. Hence, it will serve as the
passport not only to reach and
understand more other countries but
most of all to achieve one’s goals and
dreams.
Given these facts, we can conclude that
globalization is indeed an inescapable process and
that there is a need for us to be aware on the said
topic so that we would know where we stand. We
cannot allow ourselves to get left behind on
international issues especially when it comes to
matters as economic survival, global politics,
environmental concerns, etc. because who knows,
other countries might already be exploiting us
because of our ignorance. The only way that we
can prepare ourselves with the age of globalization
is to equip ourselves with necessary knowledge
and skills and continuous study of the world around
us.
THEORIES OF GLOBALIZATION
1. World Systems Theory

The World Systems theory, developed by sociologist


Immanuel Wallerstein, is an approach to world history and
social change that suggests a world economic system in
which some countries benefit while others are exploited.
This theory emphasizes the social structure of global
inequality.

However, this theory is criticized for focusing on the


economies and more attention to core countries. It is also
criticized for forgetting about the culture or class struggle of
lower countries.
THEORIES OF GLOBALIZATION

This theory divides the world into three regions:

Core countries (e.g., the United States and


Western Europe)
These are countries with a strong central
government and enough tax to support it. They are
economically diversified, industrialized, and
independent of external control. They have a
healthy middle and working class that focuses on a
higher scope of production of material goods than
raw materials.
THEORIES OF GLOBALIZATION

Periphery countries
They are composed of countries in Latin
America and Africa. These countries
generally have weak governments and are
focused on extracting raw materials and not
final goods. They also tend to have a higher
percentage of poor and uneducated people
and a small population that controls the
economy.
THEORIES OF GLOBALIZATION

Semi-periphery countries

These countries make up the


middle ground between core and
periphery countries. They are not
dominant in international trade, but
they have a diversified and growing
economy.
THEORIES OF GLOBALIZATION
Modernization Theory
The modernization theory proposes that all countries follow a
similar development path: that is, from a traditional to a modern
society. It assumes that traditional countries can develop into
modern countries with some help in the same way modern
countries did. It looks at the internal social dynamics as the
traditional nation is exposed to new technologies and political
and social changes.

This theory emphasizes the benefits of free trade, foreign


investment, and foreign aid. It argues that free trade and
international market relations occur in a framework of uneven
relations between developed and underdeveloped countries and
work to reinforce and reproduce these relations.
THEORIES OF GLOBALIZATION
Dependence Theory
This theory, a reaction to modernization theory, uses core and
periphery countries from the World Systems theory to look at
inequality between nations.

This theory espouses the idea that Periphery countries export


resources to the wealthy Core (First World) not because they
are in an earlier development stage but because they are
integrated into the World-system as an undeveloped countries.
They have structures and features not seen in developed
nations and will not become a developed nation. They are in an
unfavorable economic position, which means they do not have
the opportunity to improve and develop. They will remain third-
world countries dependent on wealthier nations.

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