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 Handbook of Machine
Learning for Computational
Optimization
 Demystifying Technologies for
Computational Excellence: Moving
Towards Society 5.0
Series Editors
Vikram Bali and Vishal Bhatnagar

This series encompasses research work in the feld of Data Science, Edge Computing,
Deep Learning, Distributed Ledger Technology, Extended Reality, Quantum Computing,
Artifcial Intelligence, and various other related areas, such as natural language pro-
cessing and technologies, high-level computer vision, cognitive robotics, automated
reasoning, multivalent systems, symbolic learning theories and practice, knowledge rep-
resentation and the semantic web, intelligent tutoring systems, AI, and education.
The prime reason for developing and growing out this new book series is to focus
on the latest technological advancements – their impact on the society, the challenges
faced in implementation, and the drawbacks or reverse impact on the society due to
technological innovations. With the technological advancements, every individual has
personalized access to all the services, all devices connected with each other commu-
nicating among themselves, thanks to the technology for making our life simpler and
easier. These aspects will help us to overcome the drawbacks of the existing systems
and help in building new systems with latest technologies that will help the society in
various ways, proving Society 5.0 as one of the biggest revolutions in this era.

Industry 4.0, AI, and Data Science

Research Trends and Challenges
Edited by Vikram Bali, Kakoli Banerjee, Narendra Kumar, Sanjay Gour, and
Sunil Kumar Chawla
Handbook of Machine Learning for Computational Optimization
Applications and Case Studies
Edited by Vishal Jain, Sapna Juneja, Abhinav Juneja, and Ramani Kannan
Data Science and Innovations for Intelligent Systems
Computational Excellence and Society 5.0
Edited by Kavita Taneja, Harmunish Taneja, Kuldeep Kumar,
Arvind Selwal, and Ouh Lieh
Artifcial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Data Science Technologies
Future Impact and Well-Being for Society 5.0
Edited by Neeraj Mohan, Ruchi Singla, Priyanka Kaushal, and Seifedine Kadry

For more information on this series, please visit: https://www.routledge.com/

Demystifying-Technologies-for-Computational-Excellence-Moving-Towards-
Society-5.0/book-series/CRCDTCEMTS
 Handbook of Machine
Learning for Computational
Optimization
Applications and Case Studies

Edited by
Vishal Jain, Sapna Juneja, Abhinav Juneja, and
Ramani Kannan
First edition published 2022
by CRC Press
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742

and by CRC Press

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN

© 2022 selection and editorial matter, Vishal Jain, Sapna Juneja, Abhinav Juneja, and Ramani
Kannan; individual chapters, the contributors

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Reasonable eforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Jain, Vishal, 1983- editor.
Title: Handbook of machine learning for computational optimization :
applications and case studies / Vishal Jain, Sapna Juneja, Abhinav Juneja, Ramani Kannan.
Description: Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021. | Series: Demystifying
technologies for computational excellence | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifers: LCCN 2021017098 (print) | LCCN 2021017099 (ebook) |
ISBN 9780367685423 (hardback) | ISBN 9780367685454 (paperback) |
ISBN 9781003138020 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Machine learning—Industrial applications. | Mathematical
optimization—Data processing. | Artifcial intelligence.
Classifcation: LCC Q325.5 .H295 2021 (print) | LCC Q325.5 (ebook) | DDC 006.3/1—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021017098
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021017099

ISBN: 978-0-367-68542-3 (hbk)

ISBN: 978-0-367-68545-4 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-13802-0 (ebk)

DOI: 10.1201/9781003138020

Typeset in Times
by codeMantra
Contents
Preface...................................................................................................................... vii
Editors....................................................................................................................... xi
Contributors ............................................................................................................xiii

Chapter 1 Random Variables in Machine Learning ............................................. 1

Piratla Srihari

Chapter 2 Analysis of EMG Signals using Extreme Learning Machine

with Nature Inspired Feature Selection Techniques .......................... 27
A. Anitha and A. Bakiya

Chapter 3 Detection of Breast Cancer by Using Various Machine Learning

and Deep Learning Algorithms ..........................................................51
Yogesh Jadhav and Harsh Mathur

Chapter 4 Assessing the Radial Effciency Performance of Bus Transport

Sector Using Data Envelopment Analysis...........................................71
Swati Goyal, Shivi Agarwal, Trilok Mathur, and Nirbhay Mathur

Chapter 5 Weight-Based Codes—A Binary Error Control Coding

Scheme—A Machine Learning Approach......................................... 89
Piratla Srihari

Chapter 6 Massive Data Classifcation of Brain Tumors Using DNN:

Opportunity in Medical Healthcare 4.0 through Sensors .................. 95
Rohit Rastogi, Akshit Rajan Rastogi, D.K. Chaturvedi,
Sheelu Sagar, and Neeti Tandon

Chapter 7 Deep Learning Approach for Traffc Sign Recognition on

Embedded Systems ...........................................................................113
A. Shivankit, Gurminder Kaur, Sapna Juneja, and Abhinav Juneja

v
vi Contents

Chapter 8 Lung Cancer Risk Stratifcation Using ML and AI on Sensor-

Based IoT: An Increasing Technological Trend for Health of
Humanity ...........................................................................................137
Rohit Rastogi, Mukund Rastogi, D.K. Chaturvedi,
Sheelu Sagar, and Neeti Tandon

Chapter 9 Statistical Feedback Evaluation System ............................................153

Alok Kumar and Renu Jain

Chapter 10 Emission of Herbal Woods to Deal with Pollution and Diseases:

Pandemic-Based Threats ...................................................................183
Rohit Rastogi, Mamta Saxena, D. K. Chaturvedi,
and Sheelu Sagar

Chapter 11 Artifcial Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Review................... 203

Neelam Nehra, Pardeep Sangwan, and Divya Kumar

Chapter 12 A Case Study on Machine Learning to Predict the Students’

Result in Higher Education .............................................................. 229
Tejashree U. Sawant and Urmila R. Pol

Chapter 13 Data Analytic Approach for Assessment Status of Awareness of

Tuberculosis in Nigeria..................................................................... 243
Ishola Dada Muraina, Rafeeah Rufai Madaki, and
Aisha Umar Suleiman

Chapter 14 Active Learning from an Imbalanced Dataset: A Study

Conducted on the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Dataset .............251
Umme Salma M. and Amala Ann K. A.

Chapter 15 Classifcation of the Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain

Tumor Using the Residual Neural Network Framework ...................267
Tina and Sanjay Kumar Dubey

Index...................................................................................................................... 279
Preface
Machine learning is a trusted technology over decades and has fourished on a
global scale touching the lives of each one of us. The modern-day decision making
and processes are all dependent on machine learning technology to make matured
short-term and long-term decisions. Machine learning is blessed to have phenomenal
support from the research community, and have landmark contributions, which is
enabling machine learning to fnd new applications every day. The dependency of
human processes on machine learning-driven systems is encompassing all spheres of
current state-of-the-art systems with the level of reliability it offers. There is a huge
potential in this domain to make the best use of machines in order to ensure the opti-
mal prediction, execution, and decision making. Although machine learning is not a
new feld, it has evolved with ages and the research community round the globe have
made remarkable contribution for the growth and trust of applications to incorporate
it. The predictive and futuristic approach, which is associated with machine learning,
makes it a promising tool for business processes as a sustainable solution. There is
an ample scope in the technology to propose and devise newer algorithms, which are
more effcient and reliable to give machine learning an entirely new dimension in dis-
covering certain latent domains of applications, it may support. This book will look
forward to addressing the issues, which can resolve the modern-day computational
bottom lines which need smarter and optimal machine learning-based intervention
to make processes even more effcient. This book presents innovative and improvised
machine learning techniques which can complement, enrich, and optimize the exist-
ing glossary of machine learning methods. This book also has contributions focusing
on the application-based innovative optimized machine learning solutions, which
will give the readers a vision of how innovation using machine learning may aid in
the optimization of human and business processes.
We have tried to knit this book as a read for all books wherein the learners and
researchers shall get insights about the possible dimensions to explore in their spe-
cifc areas of interest. The chapter-wise description is as follows:
Chapter 1 explores the basic concepts of random variables (single and multiple),
their role and applications in the specifed areas of machine learning.
Chapter 2 demonstrates Wigner-Ville transformation technique to extract the
time-frequency domain features from typical and atypical EMG signals – myopathy
(muscle disorder) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (neuro disorder). Nature inspired
feature selection algorithms, whale optimization algorithm (WOA), genetic algo-
rithm (GA), bat algorithm (BA), fre-fy optimization (FA), and particle swarm opti-
mization (PSO) are utilized to determine the relevant features from the constructed
features.
Chapter 3 presents various algorithms of machine learning (ML), which can be
used for breast cancer detection. Since these techniques are commonly used in many
areas, they are also used for making decisions regarding diagnostic diagnosis and
clinical studies.

vii
viii Preface

Chapter 4 measures the effciency and thoroughly explores the scope for opti-
mal utilization of the input resources owned by depots of the RSRTC. The new
slack model (NSM) of DEA is used as it enumerates the slacks for input and output
variables. The model satisfes the radial properties, unit invariance, and translation
invariance. This study enables policy-makers to evaluate inputs for consistent output
up to the optimum level and improve the performance of the ineffcient depots.
Chapter 5 presents a binary error control coding scheme using weight-based
codes. This method is quite used for classifcation and employs the K nearest neigh-
bor algorithms. The paper also discussed the role of distance matrix with hamming
code evaluation.
Chapter 6 exhibits MRI images of the framed brain to create deep neural system
models that can be isolated between different types of heart tumors. To perform this
task, deep learning is used. It is a type of instrument-based learning where the lower
levels responsible for many types of higher-level defnitions appear above the differ-
ent levels of the screen.
Chapter 7 focuses on creating an affordable and effective warning system for driv-
ers that is able to detect the warning sign boards and speed limits in front of the mov-
ing vehicle, and prompt the driver to lower to safer speeds if required. The software
internally works on a deep learning-based modern neural network YOLO (You Only
Look Once) with certain modifcations, which allows it to detect the road signs really
quickly and accurately on low-powered ARM CPUs.
Chapter 8 presents an approach for the classifcation of lung cancer based on the
associated risks (high risk, low risk, high risk). The study was conducted using a lung
cancer classifcation scheme by studying micrographs and classifying them into a
deep neural network using machine learning (ML) framework.
Chapter 9 presents a statistical feedback evaluation system that allows to design an
effective questionnaire using statistical knowledge of the text. In this questionnaire,
questions and their weight are not pre-decided. It is established that questionnaire-
based feedback systems are traditional and quite straightforward, but these systems
are very static and restrictive. The proposed statistical feedback evaluation system
is helpful to the users and manufacturers in fnding the appropriate item as per their
choices.
Chapter 10 presents an experimental work based on the data collected on various
parameters on the scientifc measuring analytical software tools Air Veda instru-
ment and IoT-based sensors capturing the humidity and temperature data from atmo-
spheric air in certain interval of time to know the patterns of pollution increment or
decrement in atmosphere of nearby area.
Chapter 11 concerns with neural network representations and defning suitable
problems for neural network learning. It covers numerous substitute designs for the
primitive units making up an artifcial neural network, such as perceptron units,
sigmoid unit, and linear units. This chapter also covers the learning algorithms for
training single units. Backpropagation algorithm for multilayer perceptron training is
described in detail. Also, the general issues such as the representational capabilities
of ANNs, overftting problems, and substitutes to the backpropagation algorithm are
also explained.
Preface ix

Chapter 12 proposes a system which will make use of the machine learning
approach to predict a student’s performance. Based on student’s current performance
and some measurable past attributes, the end result can be predicted to classify them
among good or bad performers. The predictive models will make students aware who
are likely to struggle during the fnal examinations.
Chapter 13 presents a study that assists in assessing the awareness status of people
on the TB towards its mitigation and serves as contribution to the feld of health infor-
matics. Indeed, the majority of participants claimed that they had low awareness on
the TB and its associated issues in their communities. Though, the participants were
from Kano state, a strategic location in the northern part of Nigeria, which means
that the result of the experiment can represent major opinions of northern residents.
Chapter 14 deals with psychological data related to depression, anxiety, and stress
data to study how the classifcation and analysis is carried out on imbalanced data.
The proposed work not only contributes on providing practical information about
the balancing techniques like SMOTE, but also reveals the strategy for dealing
with working of many existing classifcation algorithms like SVM, Random Forest,
XGBoost etc. on imbalanced dataset.
Chapter 15 proposes the construction of segmented mask of MRI (magnetic reso-
nance image) using CNN approach with the implementation of ResNet framework.
The understanding of ResNet framework using layered approach will provide the
extensive anatomical information of higher-dimensional image for precise clinical
analysis for curative treatment of patients.
Editors
Vishal Jain is an Associate Professor in the Department of CSE at Sharda University,
Greater Noida, India. He has earlier worked with Bharati Vidyapeeth’s Institute of
Computer Applications and Management (BVICAM), New Delhi, India (affliated
with Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, and accredited by the All India
Council for Technical Education). He frst joined BVICAM as an Assistant Professor.
Before that, he has worked for several years at the Guru Premsukh Memorial College
of Engineering, Delhi, India. He has more than 350 research citation indices with
Google scholar (h-index score 9 and i-10 index 9). He has authored more than 70
research papers in reputed conferences and journals, including Web of Science and
Scopus. He has authored and edited more than 10 books with various reputed pub-
lishers, including Springer, Apple Academic Press, Scrivener, Emerald, and IGI-
Global. His research areas include information retrieval, semantic web, ontology
engineering, data mining, ad hoc networks, and sensor networks. He was recipient of
a Young Active Member Award for the year 2012–2013 from the Computer Society
of India, Best Faculty Award for the year 2017, and Best Researcher Award for the
year 2019 from BVICAM, New Delhi.

Sapna Juneja is a Professor in IMS, Ghaziabad, India. Earlier, she has worked as
a Professor in the Department of CSE at IITM Group of Institutions and BMIET,
Sonepat. She has more than 16 years of teaching experience. She completed her
doctorate and masters in Computer Science and Engineering from M.D. University,
Rohtak, in 2018 and 2010, respectively. Her broad area of research is Software
Reliability of Embedded System. Her areas of interest include Software Engineering,
Computer Networks, Operating System, Database Management Systems, and
Artifcial Intelligence etc. She has guided several research theses of UG and PG
students in Computer Science and Engineering. She is editing book on recent tech-
nological developments.

Abhinav Juneja is currently working as a Professor in the Department of IT at KIET

Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad, India. Earlier, he has worked as an
Associate Director and a Professor in the Department of CSE at BMIET, Sonepat.
He has more than 19 years of teaching experience for postgraduate and under-
graduate engineering students. He completed his doctorate in Computer Science
and Engineering from M.D. University, Rohtak, in 2018 and has done masters in
Information Technology from GGSIPU, Delhi. He has research interests in the feld
of Software Reliability, IoT, Machine Learning, and Soft Computing. He has pub-
lished several papers in reputed national and international journals. He has been a
reviewer of several journals of repute and has been in various committees of inter-
national conferences.

xi
xii Editors

Ramani Kannan is currently working as a Senior Lecturer, Center for Smart Grid
Energy Research, Institute of Autonomous system, University Teknologi PETRONAS
(UTP), Malaysia. Dr. Kannan completed Ph.D. (Power Electronics and Drives) from
Anna University, India, in 2012; M.E. (Power Electronics and Drives) from Anna
University, India, in 2006; B.E. (Electronics and Communication) from Bharathiyar
University, India, in 2004. He has more than 15 years of experience in prestigious
educational institutes. Dr. Kannan has published more than 130 papers in various
reputed national and international journals and conferences. He is the editor, co-edi-
tor, guest editor, and reviewer of various books, including Springer Nature, Elsevier
etc. He has received award for best presenter in CENCON 2019, IEEE Conference on
Energy Conversion (CENCON 2019), Indonesia.
Contributors
Shivi Agarwal Renu Jain
Department of Mathematics University Institute of Engineering and
BITS Pilani Technology
Pilani, Rajasthan, India CSJM University
Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
Amala Ann K. A.
Data Science Department Abhinav Juneja
CHRIST (Deemed to be University) KIET Group of Institutions
Bangalore, India Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

A. Anitha Sapna Juneja

D.G. Vaishnav College Department of Computer science
Chennai, India IMS Engineering College
Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
A. Bakiya
MIT Campus, Anna University Gurminder Kaur
Chennai, India Department of Computer Science and
Engineering
D. K. Chaturvedi BM Institute of Engineering &
Department of Electrical Engineering Technology
DEI, Agra, India Sonepat, India

Sanjay Kumar Dubey Alok Kumar

Department of Computer Science and University Institute of Engineering and
Engineering Technology
Amity University CSJM University
Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

Ayushi Ghosh Divya Kumar

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University Department of ECE
of Technology IFTMU
Kolkata, West Bengal, India Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

Swati Goyal Rafeeah Rufai Madaki

Department of Mathematics Department of Computer Science
BITS Pilani Yusuf Maitama Sule University
Pilani, Rajasthan, India (Formerly, Northwest University)
Kano, Nigeria
Yogesh Jadhav
Research Scholar Harsh Mathur
Madhyanchal Professional University Department of Computer Science
Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India Madhyanchal Professional University
Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

xiii
xiv Contributors

Trilok Mathur Pardeep Sangwan

Department of Mathematics Department of ECE
BITS Pilani MSIT
Pilani, Rajasthan, India Delhi, India

Nirbhay Mathur Tejashree U. Sawant

Department of Electrical & Electronics Department of Computer Science
Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Shivaji University
Perak, Malaysia Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India

Ishola D. Muraina Mamta Saxena

Department of Computer Science Ministry of Statistics
Yusuf Maitama Sule University Govt. of India
(Formerly, Northwest University) Delhi, India
Kano, Nigeria
A. Shivankit
Neelam Nehra Department of CSE
Department of ECE BM Institute of Engineering &
MSIT Technology
Delhi, India Sonepat, India

Urmila R. Pol Piratla Srihari

Department of Computer Science Department of ECE
Shivaji University Geethanjali College of Engineering and
Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India Technology
Hyderabad, Telangana, India
Akshit Rajan Rastogi
Department of CSE Aisha Umar Suleiman
ABES Engg. College Department of ECE
Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India Yusuf Maitama Sule University
(Formerly, Northwest University)
Mukund Rastogi Kano, Nigeria
Department of CSE
ABES Engg. College Neeti Tandon
Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India Research Scholar
Vikram University
Rohit Rastogi Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India
Department of CSE
ABES Engg. College Tina
Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India Department of Computer Science
Engineering
Sheelu Sagar Amity University
Amity International Business School Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
Umme Salma M.
Department of Computer Science
CHRIST (Deemed to be University)
Bangalore, India
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
“The orchestra department was under the direction of Manager
Reinagle, and the musicians were deemed equal in ability with the
stage artists. In truth the orchestra contained about twenty
accomplished musicians, many of them of great notoriety as
concerto players on their respective instruments.
“The concentration of that early date of so much dramatic, operatic
and instrumental talent, introduced a new era of theatricals here.
“Who that once saw old manager Reinagle in his official capacity,
could ever forget his dignified personne. He presided at his piano
forte, looking the very personification of the patriarch of music—
investing the science of harmonious sounds, as well as the dramatic
school, with a moral influence, reflecting and adorning its salutary
uses with high respectability and polished manners. His appearance
was of the reverent and impressive kind, which at once inspired the
universal respect of the audience. Such was Reinagle’s imposing
appearance, that it awed the disorderly of the galleries, or the fop of
annoying propensities, and impertinent criticism of the box lobby
into decorum.
“It was inspiring to behold the polished Reinagle saluting from his
seat (before the grand square piano forte in the orchestra) the
highest respectability of the city, as it entered the boxes to take
seats. It was a scene before the curtain that suggested a picture of
the master of private ceremonies receiving his invited guests at the
fashionable drawing room.
“Mr. Reinagle was a gentleman and a musician. His compositions
evinced decided cleverness and originality, and some of his
accompaniments to the old opera music were much admired by
good judges.”[227]
An article by William McKoy presents a clearer picture of Mr.
Reinagle. He says:
“Mr. Reinagle, one of the Managers, and a Professor of Music, used
to be seen, but only on particular occasions, seated at the Piano
Forte, then standing against the stage, in the rear of the band
[orchestra] for the mere purpose of touching a few notes solo, by
way of accompaniment to the silvery tones of Mrs. Wignell. * * * Mr.
Reinagle, while thus enjoying the effect of her inimitable chant,
exhibited to the audience a head not unlike that of Louis the XIV but
divested of the simplicity, bushy, powdered hair, large high forehead,
and round full face, illuminated by silver mounted spectacle glasses,
a perceptible smirk at all times about the mouth, and an
extraordinary depth of dimple in his cheek, while sitting there and
surveying the irritability of Mr. Gillingham, the Leader of the Band,
on his being obliged to leave the music of Händel and Mozart, and
strike off into the ‘President’s March.’”[228]
In Durang’s account, the compositions of Reinagle are spoken of
highly; there is the testimony of another man, an actor in Reinagle’s
company, to substantiate the above eulogy, as follows (1804):
“By the death of Wignell * * * the management devolved upon his
widow and Reinagle. * * * The musical department fell of course to
the charge of Reinagle, whose compositions and adaptations were
deserved favorites with the public.”[229]
Again, there is the testimony of a man of our own times to show
that the above praise was not undeserved. Speaking of some of
Reinagle’s sonatas, O. G. Sonneck says:
“These sonatas follow closely in the footsteps of Ph. Em. Bach and
the early Haydn without being void of individuality. If the larger
works of Reinagle all were as fine and effective as these sonatas he
must have been a composer of merit.”[230]
Sonneck has published titles of forty-two works ascribed to Reinagle,
[231] to which we have added several others some of which are still
in existence. These compositions include sonatas, overtures,
preludes, songs, opera music, adaptations, accompaniments, etc.
From all this evidence it will appear that Alexander Reinagle must
have been a great force in music in Philadelphia, and did much to
shape the taste of the people for good music—especially for German
music, and may thus be called the greatest German American
musician of that century.
Concerning his home life, it is known that Reinagle was married and
had two sons, Hugh, a scenic painter of some note, and Thomas.
The later years of his life Reinagle spent in the management of a
theatre in Baltimore, where he died September 21, 1809.[232]
Note: For a list of Reinagle’s compositions, Cf. Appendix.

FOOTNOTES:
[187] Sonneck, Early Concert Life, p. 79.
[188] Sonneck, Quarterly Magazine of International Music
Society, October-December, 1906, p. 112.
[189] O. G. Sonneck first called attention to this book in his
article in the Quarterly Magazine of the International Music
Society quoted above p. 113.
[190] Cf. Articles on Hugh Reinagle, in Grove’s Dictionary of
Music, and in “Dictionary of National Biography.”
[191] The originals are deposited in the Library of Congress.
[192] Quoted from History of the Pianoforte in America, by Daniel
Spillane.
[193] Sonneck, Early Concert Life, p. 78.
[194] Quoted from ditto, p. 81.
[195] Sonneck, Early Concert Life, p. 87.
[196] Cf. American Daily Adv., Jan. 19, 1791.
[197] Am. Daily Adv., Feb. 1, 1791.
[198] Am. Daily Adv., Feb. 16, 1791.
[199] Am. Daily Adv., Mar. 4, 1791.
[200] Am. Daily Adv., Mar. 23, 1791.
[201] Am. Daily Adv., April 13, 1791.
[202] Am. Daily Adv., Apr. 29, 1791.
[203] Am. Daily Adv., Feb. 3, 1791.
[204] Am. Daily Adv., Mar. 3, 1791.
[205] Am. Daily Adv., Mar. 17, 1791.
[206] Am. Daily Adv., Apr. 2, 1791.
[207] Am. Daily Adv., Aug. 30, 1791.
[208] Am. Daily Adv., May 17, 1791.
[209] Am. Daily Adv., May 25, 1791.
[210] Am. Daily Adv., Sept. 2, 1791.
[211] Sonneck, Early Concert Life, p. 87.
[212] Am. Daily Adv., Nov. 9, 1791.
[213] Am. Daily Adv., Nov. 19, 1791.
[214] Am. Daily Adv., Dec. 1, 1791.
[215] Am. Daily Adv., Dec. 15, 1791.
[216] Am. Daily Adv., Dec. 30, 1791.
[217] Am. Daily Adv., Jan. 12, 1792.
[218] Am. Daily Adv., Jan. 28, 1792.
[219] Am. Daily Adv., Feb. 11, 1792.
[220] Am. Daily Adv., Mar. 8, 1792.
[221] Am. Daily Adv., Mar. 31, 1792.
[222] For a full discussion of concert life Cf. Sonneck, (Early
Concert Life), as well for French, English, and German influence.
[223] Cf. D. Spillane, History of the Am. Pianoforte, p. 99.
[224] Durang, History of the Stage in Philadelphia, chapter 15.
[225] Durang, History of the Stage in Philadelphia, chapter 19.
[226] Durang, History of the Stage in Philadelphia, chapter 19.
[227] Durang, chapter 19.
[228] Poulson’s Daily Advertiser, January 13, 1829.
[229] Wood, Personal Recollections of the Stage, p. 104.
[230] Sonneck, Early Secular American Music, p. 13.
[231] Cf. Sonneck, Early Secular American Music, p. 139.
[232] Durang, chapters 19 and 24.
 CHAPTER VIII.
Philip Roth and Philip Phile
Although Alexander Reinagle was the greatest musician of this
period there were others of importance as Juhan, Moller, Capron,
Brown, Schetky, Wolff, etc., etc. It is not our intention to take up
these men separately, as material is too scanty to warrant it.
Sonneck has given short biographies of most of these men.[233]
There are two men, however, Philip Phile and Philip Roth about
whom we know considerable. They were both musicians of no mean
calibre, appeared frequently in the concerts given in Philadelphia,
and were also composers of music.
Philip Roth’s first public appearance, as far as is known, was in 1771
at the benefit concert of John M’Lean, when an overture composed
by him “for the occasion” was performed.[234] This piece was,
perhaps, the first of importance composed by a German in
Philadelphia. The advertisement speaks of him as “Master of the
Band, belonging to his Majesty’s Royal Regiment of North British
Fusileers.” However, as will be shown later, he was undoubtedly a
true German.
From 1771 to 1785 we lose sight of Roth, but then he appears as a
music teacher in Philadelphia.[235] It is quite likely that he was here
still earlier. He lived in Philadelphia from 1785 on until his death in
1804.
The importance of Philip Roth lies in the fact that it has been
claimed by some, that he is the composer of “The President’s March”
to which the song “Hail Columbia” was set. Others claim that Philip
Phile was the author. The claims of Philip Roth, which at the most
are meagre, rest upon an article in a newspaper of 1829, written by
Wm. McKoy, twenty-five years after Roth was dead. This article, as
will be shown, contains one error, and may contain others. The
article in question reads thus:
“The seat of the Federal Government of the thirteen
United States being removed to Philadelphia, and in honor
of the new President Washington, then residing at No. 190
High Street, the March, ever since known as the
President’s March, was composed by a German Teacher of
Music, in this city, named Roth, or Roat, designated
familiarly by those who knew him, as ‘Old Roat.’ He taught
those of his pupils who preferred the flute, to give to that
instrument the additional sound of the drone, while
playing in imitation of the Scotch Bagpipe. His residence
was at one time in that row of houses back from Fifth,
above Race street, at that time known as ‘The Fourteen
Chimnies’ some of which [1829] are still visible in the rear
ground, north eastward of Mayer’s Church. In his person
he was of the middle size and height. His face was truly
German in expression; dark gray eyes, and bushy eye-
brows, round pointed nose, prominent lips, and parted
chin. He took snuff immoderately, having his ruffles and
vest usually sprinkled with grains of rappee. He was
considered an eccentric and a kind of drole. He was well
known traditionally at the Sampson and Lion, in Crown
Street, where it seems, his company, in the Olden Time
was always a welcome addition to the Pewter Pint
Customers, gathered there, at their Pipes and Beer, while
listening to his facetious tales and anecdotes, without
number, of High Life about Town, and of the Players: Nick
Hammond, Miss Tuke, Hodgkinson, Mrs. Pownall, and Jack
Martin of the Old Theatre in Southwark. This said
President’s March, by Roat, the popular songs of Markoe,
[236] the City Poet, in particular the one called ‘The Taylor
done over,’ and the beautiful air of ‘Dans Votre Lit,’ ... were
 sung and whistled by everyone who felt freedom (of mind)
to whistle and sing.

“Public opinion having ... released itself from a passion for

French Revolutionary Musick and Song, experienced a
vacuum in that particular, which was immediately supplied
by the new, National American Song of ‘Hail Columbia
happy Land,’ written in ’98, by Joseph Hopkinson, Esq.
[237] of this city, and the measure adapted by him very
judiciously, to the almost forgotten President’s March.
Even since 1798, the song of Hail Columbia, by Joseph
Hopkinson, and the President’s March, by Johannes Roat,
being indiscriminately called for, have become, in a
manner synonymous to the public ear and understanding,
when they are actually and totally distinct in their origin,
as above mentioned.
“Such was the popularity of the song, that very frequently
has Mr. Gillingham, Leader of the Band, [Orchestra], been
forced to come to a full stop in the foreign music, he had
arranged for the evening by the deafening calls for this
march, or song to the march.”[238]
In the first place, we wish to pick out a few errors, which will show
why we must use this testimony with caution. The writer says that
Roth was “well known traditionally,” evidentially not personally
known to him. Again he says that the “President’s March” at the time
“Hail Columbia” was written was “almost forgotten,” but on the
contrary the actor, Gilbert Fox, urged Joseph Hopkinson to set words
to that tune on account of its popularity. Thirdly, he says that the
march was written by Johannes Roat. This is evidently an error in
the Christian name due to traditions as we will try to show. We have
gone carefully through the city directories from 1785 (when they
were first printed,) to 1806; also the newspapers of that time, and
wills and letters of administration but find no record of a “Johannes”
Roat. We find a Philip Roth, and we shall strive now to give proof
that they were one and the same, as so far there has been no
adequate statement of this fact.
To recapitulate: Philip Roth, we have already discovered, was a Band
Master in a British regiment in Philadelphia, and wrote an overture in
1771.[239] All trace of him is lost during the war, but he probably
continued to fill his position in the British Army, or possibly the same
position in the U. S. army.
In 1785 there is the name Philip Roots in the city directory. In 1788
he has an advertisement in the newspaper,[240] while in 1789 we
have the following:
“Mr. Roth, Music Master, In Pennington Alley running from
Race to Vine Streets, between Fourth and Fifth Streets.
“Teaches all kinds of Instrumental Music in the shortest
manner, viz. Harpsichord or Piano Forte, Guitar, Flute,
Hautboy, Clarinet, Bassoon, French Horn, Harp and
Thorough-Bass, which is the Ground of Music, etc.”[241]
In this advertisement we have Mr. Roth; not Philip nor Johannes.
This would imply that the above-mentioned man was the only
person in Philadelphia by the name of Roth who was a music
teacher. There was no city directory after 1785 until 1791. In this
year there appears this entry:
“Philip Roth, musician 25 Crown St.”[242]
Now turning to the advertisement again we read that Mr. Roth lived:
“In Pennington Alley running from Race to Vine Streets, between
Fourth and Fifth streets.” But the city directory informs us that
Crown St., and Pennington Alley were one and the same.[243] To go
a step further, let us compare the article on the ‘President’s March,’
above quoted, as to the abode of Johannes Roat, which says:
 “His residence was at one time in that row of houses back
from Fifth, above Race street, at that time known as ‘The
Fourteen Chimneys’ ... north-eastward from Mayer’s
Church.”[244]
Now comparing these three dwelling places, we find that they were
on the same street—at least two of them—and the third in the same
neighborhood; but we find that there was only one man, which our
evidence gives, so we may be perfectly sure that the other two men
may be fused into the one—Philip Roth. This man lived, while he was
in Philadelphia in one locality as the directories show.
1791 Philip Roth, musician, 25 Crown St.
1795 Philip Roth, 31 Race St.
1798 Philip Roth, Crown St.
1797 Philip Roth musician, Crown St.
1798 Philip Roth, musician Crown St.
1799 Philip Roth, teacher of music, 33 Crown St.
1800 Philip Roth, teacher of music, 33 Crown St.
1801 Philip Roth, music master, 33 Crown St.
1802 Philip Roth, music master, 33 Crown St.
1803 Philip Rote, music master, 33 Crown St.
1804 Philip Rote, music master, 33 Crown St.
His name is also given in the directory of 1805, but nevertheless he
died in 1804.
From the above, it is seen that he lived on the same street all the
time he was in Philadelphia, with the exception of the year 1795
when he dwelt at 31 Race St., which however, was not far away. We
see, too, the different appellations given to him, as “musician,”
“teacher of music,” and finally “master of music,” Evidently he was
skilled as a musician, and was respected as such.
Little else is known about Philip Roth, but we may presume that he
played in the orchestra of the “Old Southwark Theatre”—perhaps
was even the leader, since we know that he was well acquainted
with the actors.[245] We do know that he composed a piece of
music, or rather set to music a “Hunting Song,” which was printed in
the “Universal Asylum,” April, 1790. He must indeed, have been a
skilful musician to be able to give lessons on all the instruments in
his advertisement—nine in all—although he could not have been
proficient on all. Still he must have been talented.
The date of his death has been misstated by the only author, who
has mentioned it at all. O. G. Sonneck, in his book “Early Secular
American Music” (1905) page 190, and in an article “Critical Notes
on the Origin of Hail Columbia” printed in the “Sammelbände der
Internationalen Musikgesellschaft” (1901) states that Philip Roth
died in 1805.
It is true that in the City Directory for 1805 his name is found while
in the directory for 1806 the following entry appears:
“Rote, widow of Philip, music master, 94 N. 7th St.”[246]
To offset the above evidence there is the documentary proof as
follows:
“On the 24th day of September, 1804, Letters of Administration were
granted unto Mary Roth on the Estate of her Husband, Philip Roth
deceased.
$200. Henry Lies of Philadelphia, Victualler. Jacob Grace of Nor.
Liberties, Carter. Sureties.”[247]
Philip Roth could not have amassed much wealth during his musical
career, since his surety was only $200.
So much for Philip Roth and his claims as author of the “President's
March.” The other claimant is Philip Phile, about whom we know as
little as about Philip Roth. As early as 1784 Phile was in Philadelphia;
as there is a concert advertised for his benefit in that year.[248]
Somewhat later than this Durang, a contemporary of Phile tells us
that:
“The orchestra at the beginning of the “Old American
Company” production was Mr. Philo, leader; Mr. Bentley,
 harpsichord; Mr. Woolf, principal clarinet, Trimmer, Hecker,
and son, violoncello, violins, etc. Some six or seven other
names, now not remembered, constituted the musical
force. The latter were all Germans.”[249]
Mr. Phile was occupying a somewhat important position—the
leadership of a German orchestra numbering some twelve or
thirteen men. From now on until his death in 1793,[250] Phile
wandered back and forth between New York and Philadelphia. In
1784 he appears on the concert programs in the latter city. In 1786
with Alexander Reinagle he played a duet for violin and ’cello in New
York,[251] while the next year he is back again in Philadelphia.[252]
In 1792 he takes part in a concert together with Philip Roth and
other Germans.[253] Perhaps Roth was a member of his orchestra.
After 1789 he apparently settled down in Philadelphia, and lived on
Race St., between Front and Second.[254]
Such is the knowledge we have concerning Phile’s life. Let us
consider what are his claims to the authorship of the “President’s
March.” As in the case of Roth, the march was claimed for Phile by
his friends; but in his case there are two different accounts of its
origin as follows: 1. First it was claimed for him by his son, who says
he was present when it was played. He says that the march was
composed by his father, and played at Trenton Bridge in 1789 in
honor of Washington, who was on his way to New York to be
inaugurated.[255] 2. Second, it is said by the nephew of Washington,
G. W. Custis (1860), that this march was played in the John St.
Theatre, N. Y., Nov. 24, 1789 in honor of Washington, who was
present that evening. The composer is said to be a German named
Feyles.[256] “Feyles” is a corruption of Phile and we also find it
spelled Philo, Phylo, Phyla, Phyle, Phyles, Fyles, etc.
There are, then, two different statements as to the composition of
this piece by Phile, which would lead us to think, that, in the minds
of the people it was a doubtful question as to how and when this
march was composed. To add to this, the claim that Philip Roth
composed this march, only makes the situation more confused.
Sonneck has pointed out in his article “Critical Notes on the Origin of
Hail Columbia,”[257] that there was no account in the daily papers of
that time concerning this march, as there probably would have been,
had it been composed in honor of so important a man as
Washington. He, however, inclines to the belief that Phile did write
the march; but until a manuscript with the name of the composer
thereon is discovered, we cannot say with surety who did write it.
[258] We have, then, these two composers before us and can pay
our money and take our choice.
Concerning the compositions of these two men we know little. The
overture composed by Roth in 1771 has already been mentioned.
Sonneck also gives a “Hunting Song” set to music by Mr. Roth in
1790. Sonneck credits Phile with the following compositions.
1787

1. Violin Concerto by Mr. Phile.

1790

2. Harmony Music, Phile.[259]

In addition to these we have:

1791

3. Overture by P. to be played at Vauxhall Concert, May 27.[260]

4. Concerto Violin by Mr. Phile. At Vauxhall Sept. 2.[261]

FOOTNOTES:
[233] Sonneck, Early Secular American Music, Index.
[234] See Above, p. 54.
[235] Cf. City Directory of Philadelphia, 1785.
[236] Peter Markoe (1768-1792) born at Santa Cruz, West Indies,
educated in Eng., died at Phila.
[237] Son of Francis Hopkinson mentioned above as an important
figure in Phila. musical development, Cf. Above, pp. ff.
[238] Poulson’s Daily Advertiser, Jan. 13, 1829.
[239] Cf. Above, p. 54.
[240] Pa. Jour., Sept. 10, 1788.
[241] Pa. Jour., Jan. 7, 1789.
[242] City Directory, 1791, p. 110.
[243] City Directory, 1795, p. 81.
[244] Cf. Above p. 77.
[245] Cf. Above, p. 89.
[246] City Directory, 1806.
[247] Cf. Letters of Administration, Book K, No. 156, p. 178 in
office of Recorder of Wills, City Hall, Philadelphia.
[248] Pa. Packet, Mar. 6, 1784.
[249] Durang, History of the Stage in Phila., Chapter 12, [A rare
book].
[250] Sonneck, Early Secular American Music, p. 189.
[251] N. Y. Packet, Jul. 13, 1786.
[252] Pa. Packet, Jan. 13, 1787.
[253] See Above, Note to 72.
[254] Sonneck, Article in Sammelbände (1901), p. 156.
[255] Baltimore Clipper, 1841.
[256] G. W. Custis, Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washing.
p. 368. Also Diary of Geo. Wash. 1789-1791, (ed. B. J. Lossing,
1860), p. 56.
[257] Sammelbände der Internationalen Musikgesellschaft, 1901.
[258] Many writers have expressed an opinion, but evidently their
information consisted of a knowledge of only one claim.
[259] Cf. Sonneck, Early Sec. Am. Music for these compositions.
[260] Am. Daily Adv., May 25, 1791.
[261] Am. Daily Adv., Sept. 2, 1791.
 CONCLUSION.
We have tried to show the gradual growth of musical taste in
Philadelphia, especially the taste for German music. As before
mentioned this taste was undoubtedly stimulated mostly by the
English musicians, at least until the last period. In that period the
English, and German musicians, seem to have worked in conjunction
to keep up the standard set by their predecessors. It must not be
thought that German music alone ruled in Philadelphia. During the
French Revolution, especially, many refugees arrived in Philadelphia
and concerts of French music were given and great enthusiasm was
aroused among the American citizens. However, on looking over the
whole century, German music seems to predominate over the music
of other nations in Philadelphia. Musical taste in Philadelphia after
the Revolution will compare favorably with the taste shown in
Europe at the same period.
 APPENDIX.
Works of Alexander Reinagle.
Unless otherwise noted this list has been taken from O. G. Sonneck’s
“Early Secular American Music.” They are given here according to
date of production.
1787.
1. Overture.
2. “A Select Collection of the most favorite Scots tunes. With
variations for the pianoforte or harpsichord.”
3. A song (newly composed).
1788.
4. “Federal March, as performed in the grand procession in
Philadelphia, the 4th of July, 1788. Composed and adapted for the
pianoforte, violin, or German flute.”
1789.
5. Song.
“Adieu thou dreary pile.”
Arranged for pianoforte or harpsichord by Reinagle.
6. Chorus, sung before Gen. Washington, as he passed under the
triumphal arch on Trenton Bridge, April 21, 1789. “Set to music and
dedicated by permission to Mrs. Washington.”
7. Song. “In vain fond youth you would conceal.”
8. Song. “My soul is thine, sweet Nora.”
9. Song. “The Soldier tried, etc.”
10. Song. “Tantive back forward.”
11. Song. “Tis not the bloom on Damon’s cheek.”
(These songs were arranged by R. for pianoforte or harpsichord.)
12. Overture. “La Schiava” (Piccini.)
13. Overture to opera “Maria” (Shield).
(These overtures arranged for pf. by R.)
1791.
14. Song. “Winter.” Set to music by R. with pf. acc.
15. Miscellaneous Quartet. Played at the “City Concert” Mar. 5, 1791
and often the remainder of the season.[262] This composition is
dated by Sonneck 1793.
16. New Miscellaneous Quartet. To be played at the “City Concert”
Dec. 17, 1791.[263]
1794.
17. Song. “America, Commerce and Freedom.” By. R.
18. “La Chasse” (Rosetti). Arranged for pianoforte or Harpsichord by
R.
19. “Concerto On the Improved Pianoforte with Additional keys.”
20. “La Foret Noire (serious pantomime. Overture, etc., entirely new,
composed by Mr. Reinagle.”)
21. Occasional Overture.
22. “Preludes in three classes, for the improvement of practitioners
on the pianoforte.”
23. “Robin Hood” (comic opera,) original overture by Baumgarten,
additional airs by R.
24. “Slaves in Algiers” (play interspersed with songs), Music by R.
25. “Spanish Barber” (opera translated from Beaumarchais, by G.
Colemann), additional airs by Reinagle and Carr.
1795.
26. “Harlequin shipwreck’d” (Pantomime). New music by R.
27. “Harlequins invasion” (Pantomime.) New medley overture by R.
28. “Volunteers” (comic opera). Music and overture entirely new.
29. “The Purse” (musical drama by J. J. Cross), accompaniments and
new airs by R.
30. “Auld Robin Gray” (opera), new music and a Scottish medley
overture by R.
1796.
31. “Mountaineers” (comic opera), accompaniments by R.
32. “Pierre de Province and La Belle Magulone” new music by R. This
was also called “The Rival Knights” or La “Belle Magalone” a
pantomime.[264] Probably this was the same thing as “Pierre de
Province” although the latter was advertised as a “ballet.”
33. “Grand Divertisement in the Temple of Liberty taken from the
celebrated Ballet, called, Warriors Welcome Home. The Overture and
Music compiled by Mr. Reinagle in which is introduced a number of
Irish and Scotch Airs.”[265]
34. “The Shamrock” (Irish dance), Irish medley Overture by R.[266]
35. “Witches of the rocks or Harlequin everywhere” (Pantomime),
“with an entire new overture, songs, choruses, and recitations
composed by Mr. Reinagle.”
1797.
36. “Columbus” (historical play), incidental music by R.
37. Savoyard (musical farce), music by R.
1798.
38. “‘The Gentle Shepherd’, written by Allan Ramsay. With original
airs and the accompaniment by Mr. Reinagle.” This was called “the
favorite comical Scot’s Pastoral” and was to be performed at the New
Theatre.[267]
39. “Italian Monk” (opera), music and accompaniment by R.
1799.
40. Monody. “On the Death of the much lamented, the late
Lieutenant-General of the Armies of the United States. The Music
composed by R. Taylor, and Mr. Reinagle.” To be given at the New
Theatre.[268]
41. “Blue Beard” (opera accompaniments by R.)
42. “The Arabs of the desert, or Harlequins flight from Egypt,” with a
new Overture and Music, composed by Mr. Reinagle.[269]
Probably before 1800 (date not known).
43. “Collection of favorite songs, divided into books. The basses
rendered easy and natural for the pianoforte or harpsichord by Alex.
Reinagle.”
1800.
44. Masonic overture.
45. “Naval pillar” (musical entertainment), accompaniments by R.
46. “Pizarro,” by Kotzebue; adapted by R. B. Sheridan; music by
Reinagle and Raynor Taylor.

FOOTNOTES:
[262] Cf. Am. Daily Adv., Mar. 4, 1791. Also programs given in this
book for 1791.
[263] Cf. Am. Daily Adv., Dec. 15, 1791.
[264] Cf. Am. Daily Adv., Jun. 27, 1796.
[265] Cf. Am. Daily Adv., Mar. 28, 1796.
[266] Perhaps the same as advertised in Am. Daily Adv., May 7,
1794.
[267] Am. Daily Adv., Apr. 16, 1798.
[268] Am. Daily Adv., Dec. 23, 1799.
[269] Cf. Am. Daily Adv., Apr. 13, 1799.
 Americana Germanica
NEW SERIES

MONOGRAPHS DEVOTED TO THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF

THE

Literary, Linguistic and Other Cultural

Relations of Germany and America

EDITOR

MARION DEXTER LEARNED

University of Pennsylvania

CONTRIBUTING EDITORS
H. C. G. Brandt
W. H. Carpenter
W. H. Carruth
Hermann Collitz
Starr W. Cutting
Daniel K. Dodge
A. B. Faust
Kuno Francke
Adolph Gerber
Julius Goebel
J. T. Hatfield
W. T. Hewett
A. R. Hohlfeld
Hugo K. Schilling
 H. Schmidt-Wartenberg
Hermann Schoenfeld
Calvin Thomas
H. S. White
Henry Wood

PHILADELPHIA

AMERICANA GERMANICA PRESS

Berlin
MAYER & MÜLLER
New York
CARL A. STERN
Leipzig
F. A. BROCKHAUS
London
KEGAN, PAUL, TRENCH, TRÜBNER & CO., Ltd.
Paris
H. Le SOUDIER
 Transcriber’s note
Minor punctuation errors have been changed
without notice. Inconsistencies in hyphenation have
been standardized.
The spelling of the surnames was standardized. The
exception is Tannenberger/Tannenberg which was
left as published because a footnote refers to the
alternate spelling.
Page 58: Dashes were removed from the table for
readability purposes.
Page 68: For the “VAUXHALL CONCERT, SEPT. 2”
section. Duplicate #3 and #4 were removed.
The following printer errors have been changed.
Page “The Influencs of “The Influence of
Ads: Salomon” Salomon”
Page “Hymnology and the “Hymnology and the
Ads: Souces” Sources”
Page
“anfangs ein sternger” “anfangs ein strenger”
7:
Page “Scylla Theologiae, “Scylla Theologica,
7: aliquot” aliquot”
Page “of the Bohemian “of the Bohemian
10: Bretheren” Brethren”
Page
“Unparteysche Lieder” “Unparteiische Lieder”
10:
Page “Neues und “Neues und
10: vesbessertes” verbessertes”
Page
“services, epecially” “services, especially”
13:
Page “Christina, Dlaware, “Christiana, Delaware,
13: to” to”
Page
“on the Wissakickon” “on the Wissahickon”
18:
Page “court of arms “coat of arms
41: containing” containing”
Page “of musical “of musical
42: merchandise” merchandize”
Page “was popular, and “was popular, and
46: prabably” probably”
Page “and in 1763 recieved “and in 1763 received
47: the” the”
Page
“Provinicial Council of” “Provincial Council of”
47:
Page “Pepush (Alex’s a “Pepush (Alexis a
49: Cantata!)” Cantata!)”
Page
“least a semi-worldy” “least a semi-worldly”
52:
Page
“ji suis et serai” “je suis et serai”
59:
Page “trés humble
“très humble Serviteur.”
59: Serviteur.”
Page
“mois de Fevrier” “mois de Février”
59:
Page “öffenthich kundthun; “öffentlich kundthun;
60: und” und”
Page “Sie noch nene “Sie noch neue
60: Rondos” Rondos”
Page “niemand etwas “niemand etwas
60: nachgedcrukt” nachgedruckt”
Page “einen solchen “einen solchen
60: Nachdrucken” Nachdrucker”
Page
“Eerlaubnis zu Ihrem” “Erlaubnis zu Ihrem”
60:
Page
“4. Quartete, Clarinet” “4. Quartette, Clarinet”
64:
Page “evidentally not “evidentially not
78: personally” personally”
“Sammelbaende der “Sammelbände der
Page
Internationalen Musik- Internationalen
80:
Gesellschaft” Musikgesellschaft”
Page “states that Philp
“states that Philip Roth”
80: Roth”
Page “24. “Spanish
“25. “Spanish Barber””
86: Barber””
Footnote Corrections:
Italics for Footnotes 158-162, 164 were
standardized.
“Sasche, Justus “Sachse, Justus
32:
Falckner” Falckner”
55: “Hist., XVI” “Hist., Vol. XVI”
“The Voyage, Shiprack “The Voyage, Shipwreck
76:
and” and”
78: “March 5-14, 172-7/8” “March 5-14, 1727-8”
80: “Hist. of Phita.” “Hist. of Phila.”
88: “Haendel & Haydn” “Handel & Haydn”
112: “P. Gazette, May 1” “Pa. Gazette, May 1”
“Mittelbergers
115: “Mittelberger’s Journey”
Journey”
224: “History of Stage” “History of the Stage”
“Personal
229: “Personal Recollections”
Recollections”
 “Sammelbaender “Sammelbände der
257: Internationalen Musik Internationalen
Gesellschaft” Musikgesellschaft”
*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EARLY GERMAN
MUSIC IN PHILADELPHIA ***

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