Chapter 8

Multidimensional Arrays
313
1,481 p
Lecture 22

is Eg
six
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 Lecture Outline
• Introduction
• Two-Dimensional Array Basics
– Declare/Create Two-dimensional Arrays
– Declaring, Creating, and Initializing Using Shorthand
Notations
– Lengths of Two-dimensional Arrays
• Ragged Arrays Its is
• Processing Two-Dimensional Arrays
– Initializing arrays with input values
– Initializing arrays with random values
– Printing arrays
– Summing all elements
– Summing all elements by column
– Which row has the largest sum?
‫ يمكنك استخدام مصفوفة ثنائية األبعاد لتمثيل‬.‫لقد استخدمت حتى اآلن املصفوفات أحادية البعد لنمذجة مجموعات خطية من العناصر‬
.‫مصفوفة ثنائية األبعاد‬Liang,
‫باستخدام‬ ‫بني املدن‬
Introduction ‫املسافات‬
to Java ‫الذي يصف‬
Programming, ‫التالي‬Edition,
Eleventh ‫الجدول‬ (c)‫تمثيل‬ ‫ يمكن‬، ‫املثال‬
2018 Pearson ‫ على‬.‫مصفوفة أو جدول‬
‫سبيل‬Ltd.
Education,
All rights reserved.
 Motivations IN

Thus far, you have used one-dimensional arrays to model linear

collections of elements. You can use a two-dimensional array to
jp
represent a matrix or aJotable. For example, the following table that
describes the distances between the cities can be represented using a
two-dimensional array.

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Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Eleventh Edition, (c) 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd.
All rights reserved.
0
 TH is Motivations
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All rights reserved.
 ji 0T
Objectives
● To give examples of representing data using two-dimensional arrays
(§8.1).
● To declare variables for two-dimensional arrays, create arrays, and
access array elements in a two-dimensional array using row and column
‫ و‬، ‫ قم بإنشاء مصفوفات‬، ‫لإلعالن عن متغيرات املصفوفات ثنائية األبعاد‬
indexes.(8.2§)
(§8.2).
‫الوصول إلى عناصر املصفوفة في مصفوفة ثنائية األبعاد باستخدام فهارس الصفوف والعمود‬
● To program common operations for two-dimensional arrays (displaying
arrays, summing all elements, finding the minimum and maximum
‫لبرمجة العمليات املشتركة للمصفوفات‬
_ elements) (§8.3). ، ‫ثنائية األبعاد )عرض املصفوفات‬
● To pass two-dimensional arrays to methods (§8.4). ‫ وإيجاد الحد‬، ‫وجمع كل العناصر‬
‫األدنى والحد األقصى‬
● To use multidimensional arrays (§8.8). .(8.3§) (‫العناصر‬
.(8.4§) ‫لتمرير املصفوفات ثنائية األبعاد إلى األساليب‬
.(8.8§) ‫● الستخدام املصفوفات متعددة األبعاد‬

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 Declare/Create Two-dimensional Arrays
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// Declare array ref var
ICI e 2,81
dataType[][] refVar;
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Trays
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// Create array and assign its reference to variable
refVar = new dataType[10][10];
E
a
// Combine declaration and creation in one statementE KEEN
dataType[][] refVar = new dataType[10][10];
I
// Alternative syntax go
dataType refVar[][] = new dataType[10][10];

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 Declaring Variables of Two-dimensional
Arrays and Creating Two-dimensional
Arrays S 05 238
21 8 you
int matrix[][] = new int[10][10]; lid
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int[][] matrix = new int[10][10];
Note:
ISI 81
Two subscripts are used in a two-dimensional
K array, one
a
for the row and the other for the column.
As in a one-dimensional array, the index for each subscript
is of the int type and starts from 0.
IX M1 6 213
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Eleventh Edition, (c) 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd.
All rights reserved.
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 Two-dimensional Array Illustration
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Caution DID a
matrix zJ
arragCo length 3
It is a common mistake to use matrix[2, 1] to access the element at
row 2 and column 1. In Java, each subscript must be enclosed in a pair
of square brackets. 2 ‫[ للوصول إلى العنصر في الصف‬1 ، 2] ‫من الخطأ الشائع استخدام املصفوفة‬
.‫ يجب وضع كل خط منخفض في زوج من األقواس املربعة‬، Java ‫ في‬.1 ‫والعمود‬
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All rights reserved.
 ‫التصريح والتكوين والتهيئة باستخدام الرموز املختصرة‬

Declaring, Creating, and Initializing Using

Shorthand Notations
You can also use an array initializer to declare, create
and initialize a two-dimensional array. For example,

int[][] array = { I 1 Is
int[][] array = new int[4][3];
{1, 2, 3},
a Same as
array[0][0] = 1; array[0][1] = 2; array[0][2] = 3;
{4, 5, 6}, array[1][0] = 4; array[1][1] = 5; array[1][2] = 6;
{7, 8, 9}, array[2][0] = 7; array[2][1] = 8; array[2][2] = 9;
{10, 11, 12} array[3][0] = 10; array[3][1] = 11; array[3][2] = 12;
};

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 541 Is f
Lengths of Two-dimensional
Arrays
int[][] x = new int[3][4];
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A two-dimensional array is a one-dimensional array in
which each element is another one-dimensional array.
.‫املصفوفة ثنائية األبعاد هي مصفوفة أحادية البعد يكون فيها كل عنصر مصفوفة أخرى أحادية البعد‬
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 Lengths of Two-dimensional
Arrays, cont.
int[][] array = { array.length // 4
i {1, 2, 3},
array[0].length //3
21 {4, 5, 6}, 43 d
array[1].length //3
72 {7, 8, 9}, a array[2].length //3
s
43 {10, 11, 12} got array[3].length //3
};

array[4].length ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

05 v1
indx 2,6 aided
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 Wb twos
you 5
Ragged Arrays
Each row in a two-dimensional array is itself an array.
So, the rows can have different lengths. Such an array
is known as a ragged array. For example,
int[][] matrix = {
matrix.length is 5
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5},
matrix[0].length is 5
{2, 3, 4, 5},
{3, 4, 5}, matrix[1].length is 4

{4, 5}, matrix[2].length is 3

{5} matrix[3].length is 2
}; matrix[4].length is 1
.‫كل صف في مصفوفة ثنائية األبعاد هو في حد ذاته مصفوفة‬
‫املجموعة‬ ‫ مثل هذه‬.‫ يمكن أن يكون للصفوف أطوال مختلفة‬، ‫لذلك‬
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Eleventh Edition, (c) 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd.
،‫ فمثال‬.‫باسم مجموعة خشنة‬ ‫يُعرف‬reserved.
All rights
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 Ragged Arrays, cont.

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Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Eleventh Edition, (c) 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd.
All rights reserved.
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 Ragged
Arrays

You can create a ragged

array using the syntax as
follows: W
so
‫يمكنك إنشاء مصفوفة خشنة باستخدام بناء‬ iz'd
:‫الجملة على النحو التالي‬ Is a

You can now assign values

to the array. For example,
،‫ فمثال‬.‫يمكنك اآلن تعيني قيم للمصفوفة‬

Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Eleventh Edition, (c) 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd.
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 Ragged Arrays
Note • .‫ األول‬index ‫ ][ إلنشاء مصفوفة تحديد‬int [5] ‫يتطلب بناء الجملة الجديد‬

•The syntax new int[5][ ] for creating an array

sws
requires the first index to be specified.
•The syntax new int[][] would be wrong.
‫ممنوع نكتتب الراقد اري بهذي الطريقة الزم نكتب الصفوف‬

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 I.w I
Processing Two-Dimensional Arrays
Nested for loops are often used to process a two dimensional
array. .‫غالبًا ما تُستخدم فور لوب املتداخلة ملعالجة مصفوفة ثنائية األبعاد‬
25 59 8
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Suppose an array matrix is created ass follows:
int[ ][ ] matrix = new int [10][10];
The following are some examples of processing two-
dimensional arrays: :‫فيما يلي بعض األمثلة على معالجة املصفوفات ثنائية األبعاد‬
(‫تهيئة املصفوفات بقيم اإلدخال‬

(Initializing arrays with input values) 86 I

on v53 N
(Printing arrays) ( ‫طباعة املصفوفات‬ IT
(Summing all elements) ‫جمع كل العناصر‬
(Summing all elements by column) ‫جمع كل العناصر حسب العمود‬
(Which row has the largest sum?) ‫أي صف له أكبر مجموع؟‬
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 Initializing arrays with input values
IT JG y
java.util.Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.println("Enter "+ matrix.length +"rows and"

+matrix[0].length + " columns: ");
i emit II a
for (int row = 0; row < matrix.length; row++) {
j
for (int column = 0; column < matrix[row].length; column++) {
0301 4
matrix[row][column] = input.nextInt();
} a
} 3101 d Joist

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Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Eleventh Edition, (c) 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd.
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All rights reserved.
 Initializing arrays with random values

for (int row = 0; row < matrix.length; row++) {

for (int column = 0; column < matrix[row].length; column++) {
matrix[row][column] = (int)(Math.random()* 100);
}
} O 99 58911 a'NIO
Wow 1 112013
insist

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 a
Printing arrays
for (int row = 0; row < matrix.length; row++) {
for (int column = 0; column < matrix[row].length; column++) {
System.out.print(matrix[row][column] + " ");
} In j sit
W Il 1,3
System.out.println();
} Stl kids ow ID
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 9 g I
Summing all elements
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int total = 0;
total sky
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for (int row = 0; row < matrix.length; row++) {
for (int column = 0; column < matrix[row].length; column++) {
total += matrix[row][column];
} b

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All rights reserved.
0
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Summing elements by column
BWI 312.6
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for (int column = 0; column < matrix[0].length; column++) {
int total = 0; 3
0
for (int row = 0; row < matrix.length; row++)
3 O
TE total += matrix[row][column]; IN
a
System.out.println("Sum for columne " + column + " is " + total);
}

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Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Eleventh Edition, (c) 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd.
All rights reserved.
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 Which row has the largest sum?

• Self study
• See textbook page 316

I
‫ للتتبع‬indexOfMaxRow ‫ و‬maxRow ‫أي صف له أكبر مجموع؟ استخدم املتغيرات‬
maxRow ‫ احسب مجموعها وح ّدث‬، ‫ لكل صف‬.‫أكبر مجموع ومؤشر للصف‬
‫مالحظة الفيديو‬
.‫ إذا كان املجموع الجديد أكبر‬indexOfMaxRow ‫و‬

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‫أيضا إرجاع مصفوفة من دالة‪.‬‬
‫يمكنك تمرير مصفوفة ثنائية األبعاد إلى دالة تما ًما كما تمرر مصفوفة أحادية البعد‪ .‬يمكنك ً‬
‫سرد ‪ 8.1‬يعطي مثال بطريقتني‪ .‬الطريقة األولى ‪ ، () getArray ،‬ترجع مصفوفة ثنائية األبعاد والطريقة الثانية ‪sum ،‬‬
‫)‪ ، (int [] [] m‬ترجع مجموع كل العناصر في مصفوفة‪.‬‬
 E Jogi sis u loll f
Passing Tow-Dimensional Arrays to
Methods
When passing a two-dimensional array to a method, the
reference of the array is passed to the method.
You can pass a two-dimensional array to a method just as you pass
a one-dimensional array. You can also return an array from a
method. Listing 8.1 gives an example with two methods. The first
method, getArray(), returns a two-dimensional array and the second
method, sum(int[][] m), returns the sum of all the elements in a
matrix.
4 m
89.3 II
PassTwoDimensionalArray Run

Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Eleventh Edition, (c) 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd.
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‫دعواتكم‬
‫أختكم‪:‬عزيزه الطالب‬