THE COPPERBELT UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

2023/24 Academic year

MA110: MATHEMATICAL METHODS

Tutorial sheet 13
1. Find the exact values without using a calculator.
5𝜋 11𝜋
a) 𝑠𝑖𝑛105° b) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 12 c) 𝑡𝑎𝑛75° d) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 12
3 15
2. a) Given that 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 = , with 𝛼 in the first quadrant , and 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽 = with 𝛽 in the second
5 17
quadrant , find sin(𝛼 − 𝛽) and tan(𝛼 + 𝛽)
4 8
b)If 𝛼 and 𝛽 are acute angles such that cos𝛼 = and 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽 = , find cos(𝛼 + 𝛽) and sin(𝛼 +
5 15
𝛽)
2 3
c)Given that tan 𝛼 = − 3 with 𝛼 in the second quadrant, and 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽 = 5 with 𝛽 in the third
quadrant , find tan(𝛼 + 𝛽) and tan(𝛼 − 𝛽)
8 7
d) Given that 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼 = with 𝛼 in the first quadrant , and 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽 = with 𝛽 in the fourth
15 25
quadrant , find sin(𝛼 − 𝛽) and cos(𝛼 − 𝛽)

3
e) Given that tan x   and that x is obtuse, find the exact value of sec x and cos x
4

(ii) Given that p sin x  4 and p cos x  4 3 p > 0, find p and the smallest positive value

of x.

3 3
(iii) If sin A  and cos B  where A is obtuse and B is acute, find the exact value
2 2

of sin( A  B) , cos(A  B) and cot(A  B)

3. Find exact values without using a calculator .

3 24 15 4 1 4
a) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 4 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 25) b)tan (𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛 17 + 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑠 5) c)𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 2 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 5)
 4. Verify each of the following identities

a)sin(𝛼 + 90° ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 b) cos(𝛼 + 90° ) = −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 c) sin(𝛼 + 𝜋) = −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼

d) cos(𝛼 − 𝜋) = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 e) 𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝛼 + 𝜋) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼 f) 𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝛼 − 𝜋) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼

𝜋 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼
g) 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (𝛼 + 4 ) = 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼

𝑐𝑜𝑡𝛼𝑐𝑜𝑡𝛽−1
5. a) Derive the formula cot(𝛼 + 𝛽) = 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝛼+𝑐𝑜𝑡𝛽

𝑐𝑜𝑡𝛼𝑐𝑜𝑡𝛽+1
b) Derive the formula cot(𝛼 − 𝛽) = 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝛽−𝑐𝑜𝑡𝛼

6. Use the identities

cos(𝛼 + 𝛽) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽

cos(𝛼 − 𝛽) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽

To produce the following product identities.

1
a)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽 = 2 [cos(𝛼 + 𝛽) + cos(𝛼 − 𝛽)]

1
b) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽 = 2 [cos(𝛼 − 𝛽) − cos(𝛼 + 𝛽)]

7. Use the identities

sin(𝛼 + 𝛽) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽

sin(𝛼 − 𝛽) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽

To produce the following product identities.

1
a)sin𝛼𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽 = 2 [sin(𝛼 + 𝛽) + sin(𝛼 − 𝛽)]

1
b) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽 = 2 [sin(𝛼 + 𝛽) − sin(𝛼 − 𝛽)]

8. Use the identities established in problems 6 and 7 to express each of the following products as sum
or difference.

a) 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 b) 2𝑠𝑖𝑛9𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝜃 c) 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

9. Use the identities established in problems 6 and 7 ,verify the following sum and difference identities
𝐴−𝐵 𝐴−𝐵 𝐴+𝐵 𝐴−𝐵
a) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 b) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛
2 2 2 2

𝐴+𝐵 𝐴−𝐵 𝐴+𝐵 𝐴−𝐵

c) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 2
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 c) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛 2
10. Use the identities established in problems 9 , write each of the following as a product

a) 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 b)𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 c) 𝑠𝑖𝑛6𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 d)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠5𝜃

11. Prove the following identities

a)cos(𝛼 − 𝛽) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽

b) cos(𝛼 + 𝛽) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽

c) sin(𝛼 + 𝛽) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽

d) sin(𝛼 − 𝛽) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽

𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽
e)tan(𝛼 + 𝛽) = 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽

𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽
f) tan(𝛼 − 𝛽) =
1+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽

12. Find the exact values for 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃, 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃, and 𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝜃. Do not use a calculator.
4
a) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 5 and 𝜃 is in a first quadrant angle.

12
b) 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 = 5
and 𝜃 is in a first quadrant angle.

4
c) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = − and 𝜃 is in a third quadrant angle
5

3
d) 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = − 2 and 𝜃 is in a second quadrant angle

15
e) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = and 𝜃 is a fourth quadrant angle
17

13. Use the half-angle formulas to find exact values . Do not use a calculator.
7𝜋 5𝜋
a) 𝑠𝑖𝑛67. 5° b) 𝑡𝑎𝑛157. 5° c) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 d) 𝑠𝑖𝑛
12 8

𝜃 𝜃 𝜃
14. Find the exact values for 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (2 ), 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (2 ) and 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (2 ) Do not use a calculator

3 3
a) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 5 and 0° < 𝜃 < 90° b) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = − 5 and 180° < 𝜃 < 270°

12 4
c) 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = − 5
and 90° < 𝜃 < 180° d) 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = − 3 and 180° < 𝜃 < 270°

15. Solve each equation for 𝜃, where 0° ≤ 𝜃 < 360° . Do not use a calculator

𝜃
a) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 1 b) 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 0 c) 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 + 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 2 = 0
 𝜃
d)𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 e)2 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = 4𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2 f) 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃

16. Solve each equation for 𝑥, where 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 2𝜋. Do not use a calculator.
𝑥
a) 𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝑥 + 𝑠𝑒𝑐2𝑥 = 1 b) 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 + √2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 0 c) 2 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2

17. Verify each identity.

1−𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 𝑥
a) (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)2 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 = 1 b) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 c) 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
1+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 2

𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃−1 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃

d) 𝑐𝑜𝑡2𝜃 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃
e) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
− 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃

18. Verify each identity.

a) 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝛼 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 b) 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝛼 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛼 = 1 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛼 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼 − 1

2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼 𝛼 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 𝛼 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼

c) 𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝛼 = d) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 = ±√ e) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 = ±√
1−𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝛼 2 2 2 2

𝛼 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼

f) 𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 = ±√1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼
= 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼

19. Express the following as a single 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒, 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡:

𝑡𝑎𝑛76° −𝑡𝑎𝑛45°
a) 𝑠𝑖𝑛15° 𝑐𝑜𝑠20° + 𝑐𝑜𝑠15° 𝑠𝑖𝑛20° b)
1+𝑡𝑎𝑛76° 𝑡𝑎𝑛45°

3𝑥+2𝑦 3𝑥−2𝑦 3𝑥+2𝑦 3𝑥−2𝑦

c) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 2
) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 2 ) − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 2
) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 2 )

   
d) Use sum and difference formulas to simplify sin x    sin x   . Hence find all
 4  4

   
solutions of sin x    sin x    1 in the interval [ 0 , 2 ) .
 4  4

20 .Show that :

𝜋 𝜋
a) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = √2𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝜃 + 4 ) b) √3𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 ≡ 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 (2𝜃 − 6 )

𝜋 𝜋
b) 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 − √3𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 ≡ 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 (2𝜃 + 3 ) ≡ −2𝑠𝑖𝑛 (2𝜃 − 6 )

21. Find the value of 𝑅, where 𝑅 > 0, and the value of ∝ , where 0 < 𝛼 < 900 , in each of the
following cases:
 a) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 ≡ 𝑅𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃 + 𝛼) b) 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 4𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 ≡ 𝑅𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃 − 𝛼)

c) ) 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 7𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 ≡ 𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜃 − 𝛼) d) 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 + 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 ≡ 𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝜃 + 𝛼)

𝜋
22. a) Show that 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − √3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 can be written in the form 𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜃 + 𝛼), with 𝑅 > 0 and 0 < 𝛼 < 2

b) Hence sketch the graph of 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − √3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 , 0 < 𝛼 < 2𝜋 , giving the coordinates of points
of intersection with the axes

More standard questions

1) Let f ( x)  2 cos 2 x be a function.
(i) State the amplitude and the period of the function f (x ) .
(ii) Sketch the graph of f ( x)  2 cos 2 x for values of x in the
interval 0  x   .
(iii) On the same diagram draw the graph of g ( x)  1  sin 2 x for
values of x in the interval 0  x   .
(iv) Hence state the number of solutions to the equation
1  sin 2x  2 cos2x in the interval 0  x   .

2 tan 
2) Prove the identity sin 2  .
1  tan 2 

1  cos 2 A sin 2 A
(ii) Show that  .
3  cos 2 A 1  cos2 A

1  cos 2 A 1
(iii) Hence solve the equation  for values of A in the interval
3  cos 2 A 7
0  A  1800 .

3) Find the exact value of the following leaving your answer in surd form
where necessary:
(i) sin1500 (ii) sin(600 ) (iii) cos 2250
7 9
(iv) cos (v) tan 2100 (vi) sin
6 4
14  5 
(vii) tan (viii) cos  
3  3 

4) Given that   find the value of each of the following:
3
1
(i) sin 2 (ii) 2sin (iii) cos 
2
(iv) tan 2 
 3
5) (i) Given that tan x   and that x is obtuse, find the exact value of
4
sec x and cos x
(ii) Given that p sin x  4 and p cos x  4 3 p > 0, find p and the
smallest positive value of x.
3 3
(iii) If sin A  and cos B  where A is obtuse and B is acute, find the
2 2
exact value of sin( A  B) , cos(A  B) and cot(A  B)
6) Use an addition or subtraction to find the exact value of each of the
following:
(i) sin150 (ii) cos1650 (iii) tan 1050
 11 5
(iv) cos (v) sin (vi) tan
12 12 12

7) Prove the following identities:

(i) tan 2 x  1  sec2 x (ii) sec x  cos x  sin x tan x
(iii) sin  cos   1  sin 2
2

(iv) 2 cos  12 cos  1  2 cos2  1

1  cos x x sin 2 x  sin x
(v)  tan 2 (vi)  tan x
1  cos x 2 1  cos 2 x  cos x
1 1
(vii)   2 tan x sec x
1  sin x 1  sin x
8) (a) Solve each of the following equation for 0  x  2
(i) 2 cos x  1  0 (ii) cos x(2 sin x  1)  0
(iii) 2 sin 3x  1  0 (iv) 3 csc2 x  4
(v) 2 sin 2 x  cos x  1 (vi) sin 2x  2 tan 2x
(b) Find all solutions of the equation in the interval [ 0 , 360)
(i) 2 cos3x  1 (ii) 2 sin 2 x  sin x  1  0
(iii) 2sin x tan x  tan x  1  2sin x
(iv) 3 sin 2 x  cos 2 x

9) (a) Sketch the graph of each of the following functions:

x
(i) f ( x)  1  sin
2
 1 
(ii) y  2 cos x  
 2
(iii) y  1 cos 2 x
(b) State the period, the amplitude and the phase shift of each function below and
sketch the curve.
1
(i) y  2 cos x
2
 1  
(ii) y  1  sin 2 x  
3  2
 1
(iii) f ( x)  3 sin   x    1
 4

10)

In the diagram, ABCD is a square of side a and AFE is a sector of a circle center
a 2a 2
2

cos4   
A and angle 2. Show that AE = and AE .
1  sin 2
Given that the area of the sector is half the area of the square, deduce that 1  sin 2  4 .
Writing this equation in the form 1  sin x  2x , draw the graphs of y  1  sin x and y  2 x for

0 x to find an approximate value of x and hence of .
2

11) (a) Find the solutions of the following equations in the interval
[0 , 3600 ]

(i) sin x  2   sin x

(ii) 2 cos3x  1  0

(b) Prove each of the identities below:

sin cos
(i)   cosec
1  cos sin

(ii) tan  cot  sec cosec

(c) (i) Use sum and difference formulas to simplify

   
sin x    sin x   . Hence find all solutions of
 4  4
   
sin x    sin x    1 in the interval [ 0 , 2 ) .
 4  4
 (ii) Sketch one complete cycle of the graphs of the
1  
functions y  sin x   and y  2 cos 2x on separate
2  3
plots.

12) Prove the identities

(a) cos 4  8 cos4   8 cos2   1

cos4   sin 4   cos 4  3
1
(b)
4