Tree Data Structure

The document discusses tree data structures. It defines a tree as a set of nodes where one node is the root and the remaining nodes are partitioned into disjoint subsets that are also trees. Each data item in a tree is called a node. The root node has no parent and other nodes are connected in a hierarchical manner. The degree of a node is the number of its child nodes, and the degree of the tree is the maximum degree of any node. Leaf nodes have no children while non-terminal nodes have children. The level of a node indicates its distance from the root, with the root at level 0. The depth or height of a tree is the maximum level of any node.

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Tree Data Structure

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Tree Data Structure

Introduction:
Trees are flexible,powerful non-linear data structure that can be used to represent data items which has hierarchical relationship Tree is an ideal data structure for representing hierarchical data. Tree can be defined as a finite set of one or more data items(ie nodes) such that (a) There is a special node called the root of the tree (b) The remaining nodes are partitioned in to n disjointed set of nodes each of which is a subtree. This is a tree contains a set of nodes {A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K,L,M,N,O,P,Q,R,S},with node A as a root node and the remaining nodes partitioned in to 3 disjointed sets {B,E,F,L,M,N},{C,G,H,O} and {D,I,J,K,P,Q,R,S}.Each of these sets is a tree because each satisfies the tree definition.

Example of a structure that is not a tree

This also contains a set of nodes {A,B,C,D,G,H,I,E,F} with node A as a root node but this is not a tree because the node E is shared. so we cant subdivide the nodes in to disjointed sets.

Tree Terminologies:
Node:

Each data item in a tree is called a node. Node specifies the data information and links to other data items

Root:

Root is the first node in the tree Node A is the root node in the tree example

Degree of a Node:

Degree of a node is the number of subtrees of a node in a given tree.

In figure1degree of node A is 3,degree of node B is 2,degree of node C is 2,degree of node D is 3 and degree of node j is 4 Degree of a Tree:

The Degree of a tree is the maximum degree of node in a given tree.

In figure1 node j has maximum degree as 4,all the other nodes have less or equal degree so the degree of the tree in figure 1 is 4 Leaf Node (or) Terminal Node:

A node with degree 0 is called a leafnode ie a node with no subtrees or children is called leafnode. In figure1 nodes L,M,N,O,H,I,P,Q,R,S,K are leaf nodes

Any node whose degree is non-zero is called non-terminal node Level of a Node:

The tree is structured in different levels.

The root node is always at level 0.Then its immediate children are at level 1and their immediate children are at level 2 and so on up to the terminal nodes ie If a node is at level n, then its children will be at level n+1. Depth of a tree (or)Height of a tree:

Depth of a tree is the maximum level of any node in a given tree. The depth of a tree in figure 1 is 4.(including level 0)

Tree Data Structure

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Tree Data Structure

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Tree Data Structure

Example of a structure that is not a tree

Degree of a node is the number of subtrees of a node in a given tree.

The Degree of a tree is the maximum degree of node in a given tree.

The tree is structured in different levels.

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