Time : Two Hours Full Marks : 30 Answer question number I and any two from the 1. a) Ex/ECO/B/C1.2/2023 Bacnetor or Arts EXAMINATION, 2023 (Ist Year, Ist Semester) ECONOMICS | MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN B1 | Check whether the following statements ; false (Give reasons for your answer). i) The disjunct of two contingent never a contradiction. ii) For the funetion f(x) =4ox* +8 f'(x)=0 is both necessary and condition to identify the value of x fé f(x) attains a maximum value. iii) f(x)=4xy°+3x7y4+9 is a function but not a homogeneous iv) If you maximize the Y= F(1%2.35,24.%5) and a local exists and the function is twice co differentiable then the third principal 1 the Hessian determinant will be evaluated at the point of local v) A homogeneous function is concave.nN (2] b) i) Consider S=Z. Vx,yeSaRy if 2\(x+y)- a) b) c) Show that R is an equivalent relation. ii) Given the properties of a function below, identify the value of the function at relative maximum (if any), the relative minimum Gf any) and the point of inflexion (if any): FRR; fQ)=L, S)=-1 F)=0, £Qj=0, s(-3)=0, f"(x)>0Vre (-a,0) f"(x) <0 Vx €(0,a). Give reasons for your answer, 24355 Consider f(x) =9-12x+9x" -2x° (Domain: R). Identify the subdomains over which i) The function is concave and increasing, ii) Concave & decreasing, iii) Convex & increasng, iv) Convex & decreasing. Identify the relative maximum &/or relative minimum if they exist. Find out and classify the critical points of the following function f(x, )=.x' + y*—3ay. Also if there is a relative optimum check whether it is an absolute optimum, Prove that convexity of a function is sufficient to establish it’s quasi-convexity, 4+4+2=10b) b) [3] Prove that the tangent lines of the level curves of a homogenous function f(x; y) have constant slopes along each ray from the origin. Find the optimal value(s) of f from the following constrained optimization problem: Optimize f(x, y,z)=xz+ yz subject to y?4+z? =] & xz=3. 4+6=0 Identify the relative minimum, relative maximum, saddle point of the following function (if they exist). f(x,y) =2° + y° +3y? -12x-9y Let z= f(x,y) be a function, which is twice continuously differentiable. Write down the condition for quasi-convexity in terms of the bordered determinant. Prove that if the bordered determinant satisfies the sufficient condition for quasi-convexity, the bordered Hessian then must satisfy the 2™ order sufficient condition for minimization given that the constraint function is linear. 7+3=10A Continuity is sufficient Sondition for differentiability FOV x® +45 hasa relative minimum value of 45, yx The function fix)= x4 + 6 has a relative e mini extmem in the interval [3.5, $6.5] unum and an absolute Ifa funetion is convex Everywhere in its domain then the slope of the function is increasing ever rywhere over the domain, ye fist 2 @i »*€ (1.5.1.5), Bolzano’s theorem will not be applicable 5X2 State and prove the mean value theorem Hh Let fix) = Vz-= TT find the value of x=¢ sueh that © satisfies mean value = | theorem in the interval [1, 3) 342 (b) Let ffx)= ax4 ~ abx? +6. Show that itrespective of the restrictions on the values of the parameters a &b the function will achieve a telative maximum and a Felative minimum at the two different critical points 5 S35 (gy Let t{x)=2x3 — 3x? — 12, determine Dios Inthe domain where f(x) is inreasing and lor decreasing Wa tervals in the domain where f(x) is convex & /or concave Yi heats maximum &/ or relative minimum points of the function tfany iw/{nflexion point(s) ifany His (b)LpCthe real valued fonction Fe continuous atc and suppose that fe)#0. Prove J an inteval (c —8,¢ +68) such that ¥xe(c— 5,¢ + 6), as fic). fix) has the same sign geLO s EXAMIN) ’ ATION, 2024 (First Year, First Semester) | Economics ( Mathematical Methods in Economics—1 ) Time : Two Hours Full Marks : 30 Answer question number 1 and any two questions from the rest. 1. (a) State and explain whether the following statements are true or false : 5 (i) Letus consider the optimization problem : Maximize z= f(x) st. g(x)=c. The second order (sufficient) condition for identifying the ‘maximum is d?z <0. (if An optimum solution will exist to the following problem : Minimize h(x, 3) St. glay. xm )=hs 87 (31539533) = (iii) TE @y, Maximize f(x,,x2,x3). and (x.x, x3) is the solution to the optimization problem : 3, x3) is the optimal solution to the problem. Maximize f(x, x2,%3), S.t- A(x,,x9,x3)=115, | then f(x}.x3,x3) < £(}.%9.35)- ECO-340 [Turn Over}nr (2 yz on fsa) (Pte =| "properties of homogeneous function to prov LE =0. (c) Negate the following statements : pf Vx3y, S.T. x ye PA caf wevy, x +y >I (iii) WVy ST. x+y? >1 R/; mar, a(x? =1) (v)/ Ax, (x? =1) (i! Wx +(x? =1) 2. (a) Suppose 3f:A— B such that fis bijective. Prove that “ Af "(inverse of f):B—> A. 2 (b) Identify the extremum of the following function : FO, 39533) = xf + (xy +3)? + (ay +5)? Isitalso global optimum? Explain your answer. :