Adama Science and Technology University (ASTU)

School of Electrical Engineering and Computing

Department of Electrical Power and Control Engineering (EPCE)
Exit Exam Model Questions
Time Allowed: 3hrs.

1. Which one of the following statement is false about passive circuit elements?
a) Inductance is the opposition to change of the current
b) Capacitance is the opposition to change in a voltage
c) Resistance is the opposition to the flow of current
d) None
2. Which one of the following statement is false about circuit elements in dc source?
a) After a long time, inductance acts as a short circuit.
b) After a long time, capacitance acts as an open circuit.
c) After a long time, resistance acts as a short circuit.
d) None
3. Which one of the following statement is true?
a) Inductor stores energy in the form of electric field
b) Capacitor stores energy in the form of electric field
c) Resistor stores energy in the form of electric charge
d) None
4. Which one of these is true about conventional and electron flow direction?
a) Current due to movement of positive charge in the case of conventional current direction.
b) According to the atomic nature of matter, current flows in the direction of electron flow.
c) Current flows from the positive terminal of the battery to the negative terminal in the
conventional current direction.
d) All are correct.
5. If a series circuit has unequal resistances throughout the circuit, then which of the following is true:
a) The lowest resistance has the highest current.
b) The lowest resistance has the highest voltage.
c) The highest resistance has the highest voltage.
d) The highest resistance has the highest current.

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6. Which of the following circuit element stores energy in the electromagnetic field?
a) Inductance
b) Condenser
c) Variable resistor
d) Resistance
7. A 600-W TV receiver is turned on for 4 h with nobody watching it. If electricity costs 10
cents/kWh, how much money is wasted?
a) 42cents
b) 24cents
c) 40cents
d) 2.4cents
e) None
8. If all the resistors in the Star network are equal in value, what are the resultant resistors in the
equivalent Delta network?
a) RDELTA = 3 RSTAR
b) RDELTA = RSTAR

c) RDELTA = √ RSTAR
d) RDELTA = RSTAR
√

9. An Electrical DC circuit has 2 voltage sources and 3 resistors. If the elements of this circuit are connected
at 4-nodes, what is the number of independent loops?
a) 2
b) 1
c) Not a valid circuit
d) None
10. In Superposition theorem, while considering a source, all other voltage sources are?
a) Open circuited
b) Short circuited
c) Change its position
d) Remove from the circuit
11. By using source transformation voltage source in series resistor is replaced by
a) Voltage source in series with a resistor
b) Current source in parallel with a resistor

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 c) Voltage source in parallel with a resistor
d) Current source in series with a resistor
12. The maximum power is delivered from a source to its load when the load resistance is ______ the
source resistance.
a) greater than
b) less than
c) equal to
d) less than or equal to
13. In the circuit below, apply superposition theorem to find in terms of and

a)

b)

c)
d)

14. Find the maximum power that can be transferred to resistive load of .

a) Mw

b) mW

c) Mw

d) Mw

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15. The two-wattmeter method produces wattmeter readings P1 = 1560 W and P₂ = 2100 W when
connected to a delta-connected load. If the line voltage is 220 V, the per-phase average power and
the power factor will be
a) 1220 W and 0.9689 lagging
b) 540 W and 0. 689 lagging
c) 3660 W and 0.8689 lagging
d) 935.3 W and 0.9689 lagging
16. The power factor of a certain circuit in which the voltage lags behind the current is 80 %. To
increase the power to 100 %, it is necessary to add ___ to the circuit.
a) Impedance
b) Inductance
c) Resistance
d) Capacitance
17. Find the value of parallel capacitance needed to correct a load of 140 kVAR at 0.85 lagging pf to
unity pf. Assume that the load is supplied by a 220-V (rms), 60-Hz line.
a) 7 mF
b) 76.73mF
c) 7.673nF
d) 7.673mF
18. Which of the following is true if V1 = -10 cos (ωt + 50⸰) and V2 = 12 sin (ωt -10⸰)
a) V1 leads V2 by 40⸰
b) V1 lags V2 by 40⸰
c) V1 leads V2 by 30⸰
d) V1 lags V2 by 30⸰
19. Which of the following is true about Network:
a) Open path may present in the network.
b) Current may not be flowing through all the elements of the network.
c) It is consists of both passive and active electrical elements.
d) All are correct
20. In non-linear network does not satisfy
a) Superposition condition
b) Homogeneity condition
c) Both homogeneity and superposition condition
d) Homogeneity, superposition and associative condition

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21. Which of the following are not the properties of transfer function?
a) all initial conditions of the system are set to zero
b) The transfer function is dependent on the input of the system
c) It is defined only for a linear time-invariant system
d) The transfer function between an input variable and an output variable of a system is
defined as the Laplace transform of the impulse response
22. If root of the characteristic equation has positive real part the system is :
a) Stable
b) Unstable
c) Marginally stable
d) Linear
23. First column elements of the Routh’s tabulation are 3, 5, -3/4, ½, 2. It means that there are:
a) Is one root in the left half of s-plane
b) Are two roots in the left half of s-plane
c) Are two roots in the right half of the s-plane
d) Is one root in the right half of s-plane
24. The denominator polynomial in a transfer function may not have any missing terms between the
highest and lowest degree, unless
a) All odd terms are missing
b) All even terms are missing
c) All even or odd terms are missing
d) All even and odd terms are missing
25. The roots of the odd and even parts of Hurwitz polynomial P(s) lie on
a) Right half of s-plane
b) Left half of s-plane
c) On jw axis
d) None of the above
26. ABCD parameters are used in analysis of ______.
a) Short circuit
b) Transmission line
c) Electronic circuits
d) open circuits
27. Gain of high pass filter is ------------- with increase in frequency?
a) Increase

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 b) Decrease
c) Zero
d) Equal
28. On which of the following factors does high pass filter cut-off frequency depends on?
a) Resistor
b) Source
c) transistor
d) Capacitor and Inductor
29. Which of the following is the property of high pass filter?
a) As the frequency increases, the gain decrease.
b) The frequency response of an RC high pass filter depends on the reactance of a capacitor.
c) It can allow the high-frequency components greater than the cut-off frequency and rejects all
other unwanted frequency components of a signal
d) All are correct
30. In a high pass characteristic, the region between initial point to the cut-off frequency is
a) Pass band
b) Stop band
c) Mid band
d) Reject band
31. Low-pass filter is applicable in the use of
a) analog to digital converters
b) to remove the noise of high-frequency signal
c) Wave analyzer, audio amplifiers, and equalizers.
d) All
32. Determine if the given polynomial stability
D(s) =S4+7S3+17S2+17S+6
a) Stable
b) Not stable
c) Marginally stable
d) None
33. Consider the impedance function Z(s)=(2s+4) (s+4)/s(s+5) (s+3). Find the value of C5 after
performing the first Cauer form of RC network.
a) 1/2F
b) 1F

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 c) 3/80F
d) 4/3F
34. Consider the impedance function Z(s)=(s2+1) (s2+8)/s(s2+4). Find the value of L3 after performing
the first Cauer form LC network.
a) 1H
b) 25/12H
c) 12/40H
d) None
35. How many bits are needed to encode 26 capital letters, 26 small letters 10 symbols, and all
numerals?
a. 5 B. 6 C.7 D. 8
36. Which of the following numbers is different from the others
a. (68)10 B. (4E)16 C. (116)8 D. 1001110
37. The decimal number 11 in the Gray code is _____________
a. 1100 B. 1101 C.1110 D. 1011
38. Which of the following pair of logic gates is a combination of three basic Logic gates?_______.
A. XOR/XNOR B. NAND/NOR C. AND/NAND D. OR/NOR
39. Which IC is a quad two-input NAND gate?
a. 74LS 08 B. 74LS00 C. 74LS04 D. 74LS32
40. In the expression A + BC, which of the following has the correct combination?
A. and ∑ C. and ∑
B. and ∑ D. and ∑
41. Which of the following is the Simplify of Y = AB’ + (A’ + B) C.
A. AB’ + C B. AB + AC C. A’B + AC’ D. AB + A
42. How many gates would be required to implement the following Boolean expression after
simplification? AB + A(A + C) + B(A + C)
A. 2 B. 4 C. 5 D. 3
43. Which of the following is not correct for Digital Circuits?
A. Less susceptible to noise or degradation in quality
B. Use transistors to create logic gates to perform Boolean logic
C. Easier to perform error detection and correction with digital signal
D. Less versatile and precision
44. To express AND gate using NOR gate how, many numbers NOR gates are required?
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

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45. Synchronous counters eliminate the delay problems encountered with asynchronous (ripple)
counters because the:
A. Input clock pulses are applied only to the first and last stages
B. Input clock pulses are applied only to the last stage
C. Input clock pulses are not used to activate any of the counter stages
D. Input clock pulses are applied simultaneously to each stage
46. Which of the following is correct for a gated D-type flip-flop?
a) The Q output is either SET or RESET as soon as the D input goes HIGH or LOW
b) The output complement follows the input when enabled
c) Only one of the inputs can be HIGH at a time
d) The output toggles if one of the inputs is held HIGH
47. One major difference between a NAND based - latch & a NOR based S-R latch is __
a) The inputs of NOR latch are 0 but 1 for NAND latch
b) The inputs of NOR latch are 1 but 0 for NAND latch
c) The output of NAND latch becomes set if =0 & =1 and vice versa for NOR latch
d) The output of NOR latch is 1 but 0 for NAND latch
48. Consider a 4-bit Johnson counter with an initial value of 0000. The counting sequence of this
counter is
a) 0, 1, 3, 7, 15, 14, 12, 8, 0
b) 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 0
c) 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 0
d) 0, 8, 12, 14, 15, 7, 3, 1, 0
49. Consider a sequential digital circuit consisting of T flip-flops and D flip-flops as shown in the
figure. CLKIN is the clock input to the circuit. At the beginning, Q1, Q2 and Q3 have values 0, 1
and 1, respectively.
Which one of the given values of (Q1, Q2, Q3) can NEVER be obtained with this digital circuit?`
a. (0, 0, 1)
b. (1, 0, 0)
c. (1, 0, 1)
d. (1, 1, 1)

50. The flip-flops which has not any invalid states are _____________
a) The S-R, J-K, D
b) S-R, J-K, T

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 c) J-K, D, S-R
d) J-K, D, T
51. For operation as an amplifier, the base of a npn transistor must be
a) positive with respect to the emitter
b) Negative with respect to the emitter.
c) positive with respect to the collector
d) 0 V
52. The bias condition for a transistor to be used as a linear amplifier is called
a) forward-reverse
b) forward-forward
c) reverse-reverse
d) collector bias
53. For the BJT circuit shown, assume that the β of the transistor is very large and VBE = 0 7V. The
mode of operation of the BJT is
a) cut-off
b) saturation
c) normal active
d) reverse active

54. If a sinusoidal voltage is applied to the base of a biased npn transistor and the resulting sinusoidal
collector voltage is clipped near zero volts, the transistor is
a) being driven into saturation
b) being driven into cutoff
c) operating linearly
d) being driven to active
55. The disadvantage of base bias is that
a) it is very complex
b) it produces low gain
c) it is too beta dependent
d) it produces high leakage current
56. A varactor diode exhibits
a) a variable capacitance that depends on reverse voltage
b) a variable resistance that depends on reverse voltage
c) a variable capacitance that depends on forward current

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 d) a constant capacitance over a range of reverse voltages
57. The internal resistance of a photodiode
a) increases with light intensity when reverse-biased
b) decreases with light intensity when reverse-biased
c) increases with light intensity when forward-biased
d) decreases with light intensity when forward-biased
58. A laser diode produces
a) incoherent light
b) multi-coherent light
c) monochromatic light
d) nonchromatic light
59. When a 60 Hz sinusoidal voltage is applied to the input of a half-wave rectifier, the output
frequency is
a) 120 Hz
b) 30 Hz
c) 60 Hz
d) 0 Hz
60. For a highly doped diode
A. Zener breakdown is likely to take place
B. Avalanche breakdown is likely to take place
C. Varactor diode is likely to take place
D. None
61. The breakdown that occurs in the reverse biased condition for a wider junction diode is
a) Zener breakdown
b) Avalanche breakdown
c) Linear breakdown
d) None of these
62. A silicon pn junction at has and . The built-in
voltage is ( )
a) 0.63 V
b) 0.026 V
c) 0.93 V
d) 0.038 V

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63. A certain CE-amplifier has a voltage gain of 100. If the emitter bypass capacitor is removed
a) The circuit will be unstable
b) The voltage gain will decrease
c) The voltage gain will increase
d) The Q-point will shift
64. For small increase in Gate voltage beyond 1V, which of the following gives the correct description
of the region of operation of each MOSFET
a) Both the MOSFETs are in saturation region
b) Both the MOSFETs are in Active region
c) n-MOSFETs is in Active and p -MOSFET is in saturation region
d) n- MOSFET is in saturation and p -MOSFET is in Active region
65. The maximum current flow through Zener diode can be determined by
A. Maximum current flow in the line/source
B. Maximum power rating of the Zener diode
C. The voltage rating of the Zener diode
D. The maximum current flow through the load.
66. In which of the following power supplies are used for high voltage, low current devices
A. Rectifiers
B. Regulators
C. Voltage multipliers
D. Clipper circuits
67. Gain of power amplifiers -----with increase in operating frequency
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Exponential Increase
D. Exponential Decrease
68. Power Amplifiers in the increase in order of efficiency……
A. Class A, B, C
B. Class B, C, A
C. Class C, B, A
D. Class A, C, B
69. If a power amplifier has an output power of 10W, and amplifier gain 16.4 db, the input drive power
is
A. 400Mw

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 B. 225 Mw
C. 229 Mw
D. 240 Mw
70. Which of the following signals is neither energy nor power signal?
a. Unit step signal
b. Impulse signal
c. Ramp Signal
d. Exponential signal
71. Which of the following sentence is False?
a. Every bounded periodic signal is a power signal.
b. A periodic signal cannot be Anti-causal.
c. If an energy signal has energy , then the energy of is . Assume is real and

positive.
d. If a power signal has power , then the power of is . Assume is real and

positive.
72. Consider a continuous-time system with input and output y(t) given by . The
system is:
a. Linear and Time-invariant
b. Non-linear and Time-invariant
c. Linear and Time-varying
d. Non-linear and Time-varying
73. The initial value of with Laplace transform is:

a. Nonexistent
b.
c. 0
d. 1
74. The Laplace transform of a constant number x is ______________________.
a.

b.
c.
d.

75. The value of ∫ is ___________________.

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 a.
b.
c.
d.
76. What is the term for the process of converting a continuous-time signal to a discrete-time signal?
a. Quantization
b. Sampling
c. Encoding
d. Analog to digital conversion
77. Two systems with impulse responses and are connected in cascade. Then the overall
impulse response of the cascaded system is given by:
a. Product of and
b. Sum of and
c. Convolution of and
d. Subtraction of and
78. A signal is anti-causal if ______________.
a. x(t) = 0 for t = 0
b. x(t) = 1 for t < 0
c. x(t) = 1 for t > 0
d. x(t) = 0 for t > 0
79. The convolution of
a.
b.
c. ∫

d. ∫
80. In Fourier series expansions, what role do Fourier coefficients play?
a. They determine the function's average value.
b. They represent the function's composition in the frequency domain.
c. They provide information about the function's periodic components.
d. They measure the function's rate of change.
81. The Fourier series of in the interval with periodic continuous has
a. Only sine terms
b. Only cosine terms

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 c. Both sine and cosine terms
d. Only sine terms and non-zero constant
82. The Fourier transform, if the time domain signal is real and even, then the frequency domain
signal will be:
a. Imaginary and even
b. Imaginary and odd
c. Real and Even
d. Real and odd
83. Find the Fourier transform of
a.
b.
c.
d.
84. Find the Nyquist rate and Nyquist interval for the signal
a. 50 Hz, 0.02 sec
b. 350 Hz, 0.00286sec
c. 300 Hz, 0.0033 sec
d. 400 Hz, 0.0025 sec
85. What is the difference between a structure and a class in C++?
A. There is no significant difference.
B. Structures cannot have member functions (methods), while classes can.
C. Structures are used for primitive data types, while classes are for complex data types.
D. Structures are faster than classes.
86. How do you access members (variables or functions) of a structure or class in C++?
A. Directly using the member name.
B. Using a special function to access them.
C. By creating an instance of the structure/class first, then using the dot (.) operator.
D. There is no way to access members directly.
87. What is the concept of inheritance in object-oriented programming?
A. Sharing code between unrelated classes.
B. Creating new classes with similar functionality but specific differences.
C. Defining functions within a class.
D. Organizing data within a class.

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88. What is the difference between passing an array by reference and passing a pointer to an array in
C++ functions?
A. Passing by reference can only be used for small arrays.
B. Passing by reference passes the entire array, while passing a pointer only passes the memory
address of the first element.
C. Passing by reference is more efficient, while passing a pointer is safer.
D. There is no difference, they achieve the same outcome.
89. Which of the following classes is used for writing data to a file in C++?
A. fstream
B. ifstream
C. ofstream
D. fileStream
90. What is a common practice to ensure proper resource management when working with file streams
in C++?
A. Declaring the file stream object inside a loop.
B. Explicitly closing the file stream using the close() function before the program exits.
C. Relying on the operating system to automatically close the file.
D. Leaving the file stream open doesn't affect program performance
91. What is the difference between a compiler and an interpreter?
A. A compiler translates the entire program into machine code before execution, while an interpreter
executes the program line by line.
B. There is no difference, they are the same thing.
C. A compiler is used for high-level languages, while an interpreter is used for low-level languages.
D. Compilers are faster, while interpreters are slower. (Not always true)
92. What is a function in programming?
A. A loop that repeats forever
B. A reusable block of code that performs a specific task.
C. A variable that stores data
D. A way to comment on your code
93. What is the difference between function overloading and function overriding in C++?
A. Function overloading is used for static methods, while overriding is used for non-static methods.
B. Function overloading involves having multiple functions with the same name but different
parameter lists, while overriding refers to redefining a function inherited from a base class.
C. There is no difference, they are the same concept.

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 D. Function overloading is used in procedural programming, while overriding is specific to object-
oriented programming.
94. What is the difference between a console application and a graphical user interface (GUI)
application in C++?
A. Console applications use C++, while GUI applications use a different language.
B. Console applications are faster, while GUI applications are slower.
C. There is no difference; they are the same type of application.
D. Console applications interact with the user through text input/output, while GUI applications use
graphical elements.
95. While C++ program execution, an input for linker is________________.
A. Algorithm
B. Source code
C. Object code
D. Executable code
96. Which of the following is a selection control structure in C++?
A. for loop statement
B. while do loop statement
C. Switch statement
D. None
97. What is the role of the default case in a switch statement?
A. It is always required and must be the first case.
B. It is optional and provides code to execute if none of the other cases match.
C. It defines the variable used for comparison within the switch statement.
D. It terminates the execution of the switch statement.
98. What does the continue statement do within a loop in C++?
A. It terminates the entire loop and exits the loop body.
B. It skips the remaining code in the current iteration and jumps to the beginning of the next
iteration.
C. It repeats the current iteration of the loop.
D. It allows user input to be received within the loop.
99. What is the difference between the scope and lifetime of a variable?
A. They are the same thing.
B. Scope defines where the variable can be accessed, while lifetime defines how long the variable
exists in memory.

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 C. Scope determines the variable name, while lifetime determines its data type.
D. Scope is relevant for compiled languages, while lifetime is for interpreted languages.
100. In C++, function declaration tells the compiler all of the following except________.
A. name of the function
B. return type of the function
C. Statements to be executed upon function call
D. Parameter type

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