BASIC EDUCATION

GRADE 12
LEARNING MODULE

Subject: Understanding Culture, Society and Politics Quarter: Second

Lesson Number: 3
Topic: Enculturation and Socialization

Session 1 What to Learn

I. Course learning Outcome # 2
Provides an understanding of how culture, human agency, society and politics work and engage them in the examination
of the country’s current human development goals.
II. Explanation of the Lesson
SOCIALIZATION
➢ Refers to the lifelong process of
social interaction through which
people acquire their identities and
necessary survival skills in society.
➢ It prepares new members of society
and trains them to think, feel, and
act in appropriate ways.
➢ The central process of social life,
and is also a process of member
recruitment and replacement.
➢ The process of socialization
enables a person to gradually
become a self-aware and
knowledgeable human being, and
learn the ways, values, rules, and
culture of his or her society.
ENCULTURATION
➢ A process of being socialized to a
particular culture or to first culture.
➢ A process by which an individual
learns the culture that they are
surrounded by.
➢ It teaches amongst other things
moral values, behaviors,
expectations, rituals and language
so as to think, feel, and behave
appropriately in a particular culture.
Internalization
➢ Refers to the process of accepting the social norms, attitudes, roles, and values transmitted by people and social
groups within society as one’s own.

NATURE versus NURTURE

➢ Both nature and nurture play an important role in the social development and socialization process of an individual.

ASPECTS OF SOCIALIZATION
1. Social context
➢ Refers to the particular circumstances of a society and consists of its culture, language, and the social structures that
define social class, ethnicity, and gender.
➢ Includes social and historical events, mechanisms of power and control, and institutions and individuals that engage
the person in the socialization process.
2. Content
➢ Refers to the ideas, beliefs, behavior, and other information that are passed on by members of society to the
individual.
3. Process
➢ Refers to the methods of interaction that enable the content to be given to the person undergoing socialization.
➢ Socialization is considered a highly interactive process which enables old and new members to cooperate with the
exercise mutual influence on one another.
4. Results
➢ Refers to the outcomes of socialization, and are evident when individuals begin to practice the behaviors, attitudes,
and values that society considers necessary for them to function effectively as its members.
➢ A significant result of socialization is self-identity, which refers to the establishment of a unique sense of identity and
an awareness of how it relates to their society and the world.

STATUS
➢ Our social position within a group. Example, Status in the family: Father; Status in the company: Manager. One’s
status may be achieved or ascribed.
1. Achieved
 o Not assigned to individuals by virtue of birth, but left open to be filled through competition and individual effort. It is
earned through one’s own effort.
2. Ascribed
o Assigned to individuals without reference to their actual abilities, and can be predicted and trained for from the
moment of birth.

ROLE
➢ Refers to the socially defined expectations to every status an individual is given.
Example:
- Role of a Man whose status is a father: head of the family, provider.
- Role of a Man whose status is a manager: head of a company, supervises the whole company, makes sure
everything is in order.

I. AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION AND ENCULTURATION

1. Family
➢ The primary agent of socialization of an individual upon birth, throughout infancy, and up to childhood. Parents and
other family members are essential for the care and development of the child, and as the child matures, the family
becomes an important venue for social engagement and political socialization.
➢ The primary network for the transmission of values, attitudes, and behaviors.
➢ Have a significant role in planning the future of their children.
➢ It also exerts a great influence on religious affiliation and belief.
➢ Significant agent of political socialization, also determines the political values and views of children.
2. Schools
➢ Schools have a critical and active role in socialization, as their various academic and social activities mold students’
beliefs, values, and attitudes.
➢ Schools teach students important values like competitiveness, cooperation, conformity, innovation, punctuality,
orderliness, and respect to authority.
➢ Students learn the value of self-improvement and hard work through classroom activities and learning tasks which
give them opportunities to apply their knowledge and skills.
➢ Students benefit from the constant guidance and evaluation provided by teachers.
➢ Schools are also venues for political socialization.
➢ Schools are also vital in the development of political unity and establishing shared identities among citizens who
come from diverse social and cultural backgrounds.
3. Peer Groups
➢ Refer to people who share the same interests or characteristics such as age and social background.
➢ Having a peer group, a child attains a sense of belonging and a shared identity with other members of the group
because of mutual support, shared activities, and common interest.
4. Mass Media
➢ Mass media includes forms of communication such as books, magazines, newspapers, other print materials, radio,
television, and movies.
➢ It is a powerful agent of socialization which is widely used by many institutions and organizations involved in the
use of print and electronic communication.
➢ Mass media functions as a socializing agent in the following ways: it is a source of information regarding events in
society; it represents various viewpoints regarding events and developments within society; and it provides
entertainment by showcasing other people’s experiences.
➢ The relationship between mass media and politics is very complex. And scholars have varied views regarding how
mass media influences and shapes people’s attitudes and behavior.
✓ Pluralist model – portrays media as an ideological marketplace that enhances debate and electoral choice.
Examples of these are talk shows that engage in discussions on relevant social issues, and live debates that
allow political candidates to engage in discussion and inform the citizens regarding their respective
government programs.
✓ Market model – suggests that media reflects the views of the general public, and that media presents what
they think the people want. This is seen in television networks where telenovelas and “reality shows” are
dominant on air, since these types of shows are seen by media owners and executives as the most popular
forms of entertainment among the people.
✓ Dominant-ideology model – traces bias to links between media and the political and social elite. This could be
seen in instances when prominent business or political figures own, control, or exert influence over certain
media outlets through their business or social connections.
✓ Elite-values model – recognizes media bias as a product of the personal views of media professionals such as
journalists, broadcasters, and editors.
5. Religion and State
➢ Both religion and state are considered as the ultimate sources of authority, making the church and government
important agents of socialization.
➢ Religion exerts a great influence on the views of a person, legitimizes accepted social practices, provides
stability to society, and can even be sources of social change.
➢ The state participates in socialization through laws and other regulations that reinforce appropriate behavior,
and help form values and attitudes of the citizens.
6. Major Social and Historical Events
➢ The changes and developments brought about by historical events often cause transformations in the values,
attitudes, and views that define societies, leading to further changes in the behavior and traditions of societies.
➢ Historical events tend to affect individuals and societies differently.
III. Read and Learn More
Read about Enculturation and Socialization in your textbook, newspaper, magazines or any books.

IV. Want to Ask Questions

If you want to ask question about the lesson, write in 1 piece of intermediate paper and submit during the Consultation.

Session 2 Learn More

I. Motivation
Enumerate some of the values your family holds dear. In what ways do these values affect your lifestyle as a teenager?

II. Articulation of purpose and Objectives

Changes in society take place through various processes that are generated and managed by individuals. Such processes,
which are carried out either effectively or unsuccessfully, have an impact in one way or another upon the lives of many. The
factors that affect these processes are the norms and value systems brought about by the culture and social interactions in
society.

As an FCPCian, who is equipped with collaborative skills, you will be able to recognize the formation of one’s identity and
explain the development of oneself and of others as a product of different processes.

That is why 5 years after your graduation in Senior High School as reflected in FCPC Program Educational Objectives , to
show the ability to synthesize knowledge continuously in solving problems for the improvement of life you should be able to
attain the course outcome 2, to be a competent member of the society by having an openness to explore the origins and
dynamics of culture and society, and political identities and suggest ways to address global inequalities which is geared
towards the realization of our Program Educational Objectives.

III. Development of the Lesson

(Objective 1 Analyze the processes and consequences of socialization)
Activity 1: Directions: Answer the table below.

Socialization Enculturation

Context

Content

Processes

Consequences

(Objective 2 Critique the development of one’s self and others as a product of socialization and enculturation)

AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION

Primary group: Family

Secondary group: Peer Groups Mass Media Religion / Church Schools State / Government

Suppose you are asked to express your thoughts in a social media platform and to post in your Facebook
account your involvement in any of the agents of socialization that has a major influence in shaping your way of thinking,
social and cultural behavior.
What is the most influential agent of socialization, the family, religion, peer group, education, or mass media?
How this agent of socialization had contributed and molded you to become a better individual in the society? Describe
how this agent of socialization had influenced your thoughts, attitudes, values and behaviour. Give specific example.

WHAT IS IT?

Socialization is a continuing process of social interaction through which people acquired

their identities and skills in society. It is a learning from people to other people. It exposes the
person to the culture of society and acquire them. An important part of socialization and
enculturation processes are the social groups which are called agents of socialization:
The results of socialization are great because they established our identity. We are guided
how to act in a socially acceptable ways and because of socialization we acquire culture that
may improve us individuals. Socialization is also a form of social control. It may be in the form
of coercion: like punishment, economy. It may also be in the form of language which was used
as cultural symbols.
 Sociologist view on Socialization

Sociologist Theory
Sigmund Freud Psychoanalytic Theory Unconscious mind shaped the
behavior of a person. The
formation of the self occurs
between the id and the superego.
The influence of society happens
in superego.
Jean Piaget Cognitive Development Socialization happens in different
Theory stages of our mind’s development
from infancy to adolescence or
adulthood.
Lawrence Kohlberg Moral Development Theory Moral development is a continual
process that occurs throughout
our Lifespan.
George Herbert Mead’s Theory of the Social Self The self
Emerges from social
interactions.
Charles Cooley Cooley’s Theory of Looking- We learn to take the role of others.
Glass Self The expectation of others forms
the venue for acquiring social
roles.

Now Let us have a self –check on how you perceived the salient points of the lesson. Let’s further check your
understanding of what these concepts are about through the following activity.
Activity 2: Briefly explain the concept of socialization based on the Sociological theories cited above. Relate
it to your personal life’s experiences. Write your answer in your activity notebook.

Family has a greatest influence on how we think and behave.

Sigmund Freud Explanation:

Psychoanalytic Theory
Peer influence and social media greatly affects our mental behaviour.

Jean Piaget Explanation:

Cognitive Development Theory

As we grow older and mature we tend to understand what is morally good
and immoral.
Lawrence Kohlberg
Explanation:
Moral Development Theory

One way to develop social –self is to interact with other people.

George Herbert Mead
Explanation:
Theory of the Social Self

Our life’s expectations may appear in our adult life as we acquire new roles
in society.
Charles Cooley
Explanation:
Theory of Looking-Glass Self

(Objective 3 Value the importance of enculturation and acculturation)

Directions: Answer the table below.
Age Social Goals How to achieve these goals

0-5
 6-12

13-18

18-21

22-above

Complete the diagram. Identify specific status and roles.

My Status Set

My Role Set
Me
as a...

Directions: Write an Explanation, Application, and Reflection

(EAR) about the lesson on aspects of culture. Use compound
and compound-complex sentences only with 90-100 words
and consider the following key points:

Explanation, Application, Reflection (EAR)

Explanation
• What is the difference between socialization and
enculturation?
Application
• If you were to be a parent, in what way would you raise your
child that s/he would develop his/her own personality?
Reflection
• As a disciplined and God loving FCPCian, how will you show
your appreciation towards your parents and other people that
molds you to be the person you are right now.
IV. Formative Assessment
Directions: Analyze the following questions and write the letter of the correct answer in your answer sheet.
Identify which agent of socialization defines the following:
A. Family B. Peers C. School D. Church E. Media
1. It influences morality becoming a key component in people’s ideas of right and wrong
2. They see the world through the same eyes
3. It serves the function of teaching them cultural values and attitudes and preparing them for their roles as adults in an
office, factory or any other workplace
4. They serve as mirror in which the child begin to see his self and the source of ideas about what is important and what is
not
5. It becomes the major agent of socialization

Session 3 Assess My Learning

I. Learning Assessment
Directions: Analyze the following questions and write the letter of the correct answer in your answer sheet.
1. \What is the most crucial stage of the development of a person’s moral and values?
A. Infant B. Adolescent C. Early childhood D. Adulthood
2. Which refers to that lifelong process of learning and relearning as people move from different stages of growth and
development?
A. Enculturation B. Socialization C. Adaptation D. Acculturation
3. The following are functions of socialization, except:
A. To acquire new culture C. To encourage the members to conform
B. To prepare us to certain roles D. To transmit values, customs and beliefs
4. Successful socialization can result in _______within a society.
A. Solidarity B. Uniformity C. Conformity D. Reliability
5. What is the type of education that happens inside the four corners of a classroom?
A. Formal Curriculum C. Informal Skills
B. Formal Education D. Informal Education
6. Which agent of socialization helps you mold your perception of what is right and wrong?
A. Church B. Media C. School D. Peers
7. Which is a positive effect of television viewing?
A. Television promotes spectatorship
B. Television tends to promote sex role stereotypes
C. Television can also portray good health attitudes
D. Excessive violence on television leads directly to aggression and violent behavior among children and teenagers.
8. Formation of self (Mind) is a sociological concept by whom?
A. George Herbert Mead C. John Locke
B. Sigmund Freud D. Aristotle
9. Which is the process by which people learn the requirements of their surrounding culture and acquire the values and
behaviors appropriate or necessary in that culture?
A. Socialization B. Enculturation C. Acculturation D. Localization
10.Which agent of socialization refer to people who share the same interests or characteristics such as age and social
background?
A. Church B. Media C. School D. Peers

References:
Textbook:
• Contreras, A. (2016), Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics, Phoenix Publishing House, pages 113-127
• Alejandria-Gonzalez. M.C. (2016), Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics, Diwa textbooks, pages 62-68
• Atienza, M.E. (2016), Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics For Senior High School, C & E Publishing, Inc.,
page 132
• Santarita, J. (2016), Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics, Vibal Group Inc, pages 57-60
• Tumlos-Castillo, L.M. et.al. (2019), Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics, FNB Educational, Inc., pages 106-
120
Other References:
• “Agents of Socialization” by Zoe Morse retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GIsgLdSS7cM
• http://web.uri.edu/iaics/files/03-Walburga-von-raffler-Engel.pdf
• http://sociology.about.com/b/2011/03/35/sociology-concept-spotlight-achieved-status-versus-ascribed-status.htm

Prepared by: Christine Joy L. Corvera, LPT

Teacher/Framer

Checked by: Nenita B. Ballescas, LPT

Subject Coordinator

Approved by: Sherill F. Echanis, PhD

Principal

CC: Echel Simon-Antero, PhD

Vice President for Academic Affairs and Research

Estrella O. Simon, PhD

President

10. B 1. D 2. A 3. D 4.C 5. D 6. B 7. D 8. D 9. A
Key to correction in Learning Assessment Lesson 2 (Second Quarter)
1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. E
Key to correction in Formative Assessment Lesson 3 (Second Quarter)