Scribd
Upload
8 views

SQL Intervie Qus

most aske sql interview questions

Uploaded by

hanu rao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
8 views

SQL Intervie Qus

most aske sql interview questions

Uploaded by

hanu rao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Data Query Language (DQL)

1. Explain the difference between INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT


JOIN, and FULL OUTER JOIN.

o Follow-up: Provide an example where each of these joins would


be appropriately used.

2. How can you retrieve the top N records from a table?

o Follow-up: How would you get the second highest salary from
an employee table?

3. What is a subquery, and how is it different from a correlated


subquery?

o Follow-up: Provide an example where a correlated subquery


would be more appropriate than a regular subquery.

4. Explain the purpose and usage of the GROUP BY and HAVING


clauses.

o Follow-up: Can you group data on multiple columns? Provide an


example.

5. What is the difference between WHERE and HAVING clauses?

6. How would you handle NULL values in SQL queries?

o Follow-up: Explain the use of IS NULL and COALESCE()


functions.

7. Explain the concept of window functions and provide an


example using ROW_NUMBER(), RANK(), or DENSE_RANK().

8. How do you optimize a SQL query for performance?

o Follow-up: What are some common issues that cause SQL


queries to run slowly?

Data Manipulation Language (DML)

1. Explain the difference between INSERT INTO, UPDATE, and


DELETE statements.

o Follow-up: How would you use these commands to manage


transactional data?

2. What are the MERGE and UPSERT operations?


o Follow-up: Provide a scenario where you would use a MERGE
statement.

3. How can you use the INSERT INTO SELECT statement to copy
data from one table to another?

4. What is the purpose of the EXCEPT and INTERSECT operators in


SQL?

o Follow-up: Can you provide an example where these would be


useful?

5. How would you delete duplicate records from a table?

o Follow-up: Explain the difference between deleting duplicates


and selecting unique records.

Data Definition Language (DDL)

1. What is the difference between TRUNCATE, DELETE, and DROP


statements?

o Follow-up: When would you use each of these commands?

2. Explain the process of creating, altering, and dropping a table


in SQL.

o Follow-up: What are some considerations when altering a table


with existing data?

3. How do you create and manage indexes in SQL?

o Follow-up: What are the types of indexes, and how do they


impact query performance?

4. What is the purpose of constraints in SQL, such as PRIMARY


KEY, FOREIGN KEY, UNIQUE, and CHECK?

o Follow-up: How would you add or modify constraints on an


existing table?

5. Explain the difference between VIEW and MATERIALIZED VIEW.

o Follow-up: In what scenarios would you prefer one over the


other?

Advanced/General Concepts
1. What are Common Table Expressions (CTEs), and how do they
differ from subqueries?

o Follow-up: Provide an example where a CTE is more efficient


than a subquery.

2. How do you ensure data integrity and consistency in a SQL


database?

3. Explain the concept of transactions in SQL. What are the ACID


properties?

o Follow-up: How would you implement a transaction in SQL, and


what commands are used to control transactions?

4. What are the differences between relational and non-relational


databases, and where does SQL fit in?

5. Explain how you would handle database migrations in a


production environment.

These questions reflect current industry expectations and are designed to


assess your deep understanding of SQL and related concepts. Preparing with
these questions should help you stay sharp for interviews.

You might also like