Server:

A network-connected device that provide services to the

network and the devices on the network.
Client:
A network-connected device that request for services to the
server.
What are the Server role:
The Server role is a set of feature and services that are
required to perform a specific function, program or task.
ADDS:
ADDS stand for Active Directory Domain Services.
It is distributed database that stores and manages information
about networks resources, such as users, computers and printers.
ADDS helps administrator to securely manage information,
resource sharing and users.
DC (Domain Controller):
DC is a main domain of our network (ex. Company,
Organization).
A domain controller is a server on our network that manages
access for users, computer and servers etc.
Or
DC is server that manages network and security authentication
request within a windows domain.
ADC (Additional Domain Controller):
ADC is a server that is use for Backup of DC.
If DC got down due to some reason, then ADC provides services
to all network (users and client).
CDC (Child Domain Controller) :
CDC is a sub-domain of DC. It is use for control traffic on
server.
We can also say CDC is use for load sharing or load balancing.
RODC (Read Only Domain Controller):
RODC is like DC, CDC and ADC but RODC don’t have
the administrator power. RODC have only read permission.
RODC don’t have permission to make changes.
DNS:
DNS is stand for Domain name system. DNS is use to
resolve/change IP addresses to logical name and logical name to
IP addresses.
Note- DNS work on port number 53.
DHCP:
DHCP is stand for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.
DHCP services is use to provides IP configuration information
for hosts/clients on our network including IP address, Default
gateway, DNS server IP etc.
Note- DHCP also provides IP address on network boot time.
 DHCP work on DORA process-
D-Discover Broadcast One to all
O-Offer Unicast One to One
R-Request Unicast One to One
A-Acknowledgement Unicast One to One

D-Discover- Client send a discover message for DHCP server.

O-Offer- DHCP server offer an IP address to client.
R-Request- Client request for that particular IP to server.
A-Acknowledgement- DCHP provide that IP to Client and
send and acknowledgment message.
Note- DHCP work on port number 67 & 68.
DHCP Relay Agent:
DHCP Relay Agent helps us to provide multiple networks
IP addresses to clients.
Some basic requirement of DCHP Relay Agent-
1. Minimum two NIC port available on server
machine.
2. DHCP must be configured and all scope configured
for all network.
3. Install and configured Remote and routing access
(RAS) Role.
WDS:
 WDS is stand for Windows Deployment Server.
This role provides operating system deployment services.
With the help of WDS client computers can install their OS
from the server.
Hyper-V:
Hyper-V is Microsoft server virtualization solution started
with the windows server 2008 operating system.
With the help of Hyper-V we can use multiple virtual operating
system.
WSUS:
The full form of WSUS is Windows Server Update
Services.
This role checks the Microsoft update or windows update sites
and downloads updates to the server.
Clients can then receive their updates from the server and then
client not required to access the internet.
Remote Desktop Services (RDS):
This role allows for remote access to the desktop of the
windows server through the use of a special client application.
Once RDS enabled a user can use the particular application.
Or
With the help of RDS we can give remote access of a particular
applications to the clients.
Web Server (IIS- Internet Information Services):
IIS uses many protocols for communication and data
exchange with clients or computers, such as FTP, HTTP, SMTP
etc.
IIS is a web server that runs on the windows Operating system.
The IIS accepts and responds to the client’s computer requests
and enables them to share and access information across the
LAN or WAN.
FTP:
FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol.
The FTP is an advance protocol that enables file and folder
transfer between a server and users via network.
You can install and configured an FTP server under web server
(IIS) role.
FTP work on port number 21.
Syntax for access FTP files-
ftp://server_ip/
NFS:
NFS is stands for Network File System.
NFS helps us to sharing folder and file between Windows OS to
Linux OS by using the NFS protocol.
Syntax for mount NFS folder on Linux OS-
mount -t nfs server_ip:/shared_folder_name /mount_folder_name
Syntax for mount NFS folder on Windows OS-
mount -o \\server_ip\shared_folder_name driver_letter:
NLB:
It is stands for Network Load Balancing.
NLB is feature that help server to distributes network traffic on multiple
servers within a cluster to avoid overloading of main server.
RADIUS Server:
It is stands for Remote Authentication Dial-in User Services.
RADIUS server used for authentication of virtual private network (VPN)
traffic and wireless clients.
RADIUS server originally developed to authenticate users dial-in on
network.
Routing and Remote Access Services (RAS/RRAS):
It provides for both VPN server functionality and Dial-up access to
your network.
VPN:
It is stands for Virtual Private Network.
VPN server allows clients computers to connect across the network
when they using public network.
VPN establish secured and encrypted communication.
VPN hide our actual IP and create a virtual IP.
CCProxy:
CCProxy allow you to setup some basic internet settings. With
help of it you can deny aur allow the access of websites to the users and
computer in over the network.
File and Storage Services:
File and storage services allows us to manage files and storage
using DFS, FSRM, iSCSI etc.
It is help us to store and share folder and storage to the clients.
iSCSI Server:
Its stands for Internet Small Computer System Interface.
iSCSI server is used to share Hard disk that is called virtual hard disk
(VHD) to the client.
DFS:
DFS is a file system that enable clients to access multiple shared
files of all computers in over the network in a single computer IP.
DFS Namespace:
It is role service in windows server that enables you to access
group shared folders located on different servers into one or more
logically structured namespace.
This makes it possible to give users a virtual view of shared folders,
where a single path leads to files located on multiple servers.
DFS Replication:
It is windows server role service that allows you to replicate
folders to other servers.
We can also attach the DFS replication with DFS namespace.
FSRM:
FSRM is stands for File Server Resource Manager.
FSRM is a role service that allows you to manage files and storage
services.
With the help of FSRM you can set Quota limit on shared folder and set
file screening on shared folder like block and monitoring specific files.
OU:
An Organizational Unit (OU) is a container that can hold users and
groups.
Administrator can assign different Group Polices settings or account
permission on particular OU’s.
GPO:
An Group Policy Object is a set of group polices settings that
define how system or user can work and behave that mean with the help
of GPO the network administrator can control the working environment
of users and computer accounts in Active Directory.
Windows Server Backup:
The backup is a copy of original data. Backup helps us to recover
data when data is deleted.
We can save backup on internal storage, external storage and network.