9709/62/F/M/19/Q6

1 The results of a survey by a large supermarket show that 35% of its customers shop online.

(i) Six customers are chosen at random. Find the probability that more than three of them shop
online. [3]
(ii) For a random sample of n customers, the probability that at least one of them shops online is
greater than 0.95. Find the least possible value of n. [3]
(iii) For a random sample of 100 customers, use a suitable approximating distribution to find the
probability that more than 39 shop online. [5]
9709/61/M/J/19/Q5
2 In a certain country the probability that a child owns a bicycle is 0.65.

(i) A random sample of 15 children from this country is chosen. Find the probability that more than
12 own a bicycle. [3]
(ii) A random sample of 250 children from this country is chosen. Use a suitable approximation to
find the probability that fewer than 179 own a bicycle. [4]
9709/61/M/J/19/Q7
3 The weight of adult female giraffes has a normal distribution with mean 830 kg and standard deviation
120 kg.

(i) There are 430 adult female giraffes in a particular game reserve. Find the number of these adult
female giraffes which can be expected to weigh less than 700 kg. [4]
(ii) Given that 90% of adult female giraffes weigh between 830 − w
kg and 830 + w
kg, find the
value of w. [3]
The weight of adult male giraffes has a normal distribution with mean 1190 kg and standard deviation
3 kg.

(iii) Given that 83.4% of adult male giraffes weigh more than 950 kg, find the value of 3. [3]
9709/62/M/J/19/Q2
4 The volume of ink in a certain type of ink cartridge has a normal distribution with mean 30 ml and
standard deviation 1.5 ml. People in an office use a total of 8 cartridges of this ink per month. Find the
expected number of cartridges per month that contain less than 28.9 ml of this ink. [4]
9709/62/M/J/19/Q4
5 It is known that 20% of male giant pandas in a certain area weigh more than 121 kg and 71.9% weigh
more than 102 kg. Weights of male giant pandas in this area have a normal distribution. Find the
mean and standard deviation of the weights of male giant pandas in this area. [5]
9709/63/M/J/19/Q1
6 The time taken, in minutes, by a ferry to cross a lake has a normal distribution with mean 85 and
standard deviation 6.8.

(i) Find the probability that, on a randomly chosen occasion, the time taken by the ferry to cross the
lake is between 79 and 91 minutes. [3]
(ii) Over a long period it is found that 96% of ferry crossings take longer than a certain time t minutes.
Find the value of t. [3]
9709/63/M/J/19/Q5
7 On
average,
34%
of
the
people
who
go
to
a
particular
theatre
are
men.

(i) A random sample of 14 people who go to the theatre is chosen. Find the probability that at most
2 people are men. [3]
(ii) Use an approximation to find the probability that, in a random sample of 600 people who go to
the theatre, fewer than 190 are men. [5]
 9709/61/O/N/19/Q7
8 The shortest time recorded by an athlete in a 400 m race is called their personal best (PB). The PBs
of the athletes in a large athletics club are normally distributed with mean 49.2 seconds and standard
deviation 2.8 seconds.

(i) Find the probability that a randomly chosen athlete from this club has a PB between 46 and
53 seconds. [4]
(ii) It is found that 92% of athletes from this club have PBs of more than t seconds. Find the value
of t. [3]

Three athletes from the club are chosen at random.

(iii) Find the probability that exactly 2 have PBs of less than 46 seconds. [3]
9709/62/O/N/19/Q4
9 In
Quarendon,
66%
of
households
are
satisfied
with
the
speed
of
their
wifi
connection.

(i) Find the probability that, out of 10 households chosen at random in Quarendon, at least 8 are
satisfied with the speed of their wifi connection. [3]
(ii) A random sample of 150 households in Quarendon is chosen. Use a suitable approximation to
find the probability that more than 84 are satisfied with the speed of their wifi connection. [5]
9709/62/O/N/19/Q6
10 The heights, in metres, of fir trees in a large forest have a normal distribution with mean 40 and
standard deviation 8.

(i) Find the probability that a fir tree chosen at random in this forest has a height less than 45 metres.
[2]
(ii) Find the probability that a fir tree chosen at random in this forest has a height within 5 metres of
the mean. [2]
In another forest, the heights of another type of fir tree are modelled by a normal distribution. A
scientist measures the heights of 500 randomly chosen trees of this type. He finds that 48 trees are
less than 10 m high and 76 trees are more than 24 m high.

(iii) Find the mean and standard deviation of the heights of trees of this type. [5]
9709/63/O/N/19/Q4
11 The heights of students at the Mainland college are normally distributed with mean 148 cm and
standard deviation 8 cm.

(i) The probability that a Mainland student chosen at random has a height less than h cm is 0.67.
Find the value of h. [3]
120 Mainland students are chosen at random.

(ii) Find the number of these students that would be expected to have a height within half a standard
deviation of the mean. [4]

9709/62/F/M/19/Q3
12 The times taken, in minutes, for trains to travel between Alphaton and Beeton are normally distributed
with mean 140 and standard deviation 12.

(i) Find the probability that a randomly chosen train will take less than 132 minutes to travel between
Alphaton and Beeton. [3]
(ii) The probability that a randomly chosen train takes more than k minutes to travel between
Alphaton and Beeton is 0.675. Find the value of k. [3]
 9709/63/O/N/19/Q7
13 A competition is taking place between two choirs, the Notes and the Classics. There is a large audience
for the competition.
³ 30% of the audience are Notes supporters.
³ 45% of the audience are Classics supporters.
³ The rest of the audience are not supporters of either of these choirs.
³ No one in the audience supports both of these choirs.

(i) A random sample of 6 people is chosen from the audience.

(a) Find the probability that no more than 2 of the 6 people are Notes supporters. [3]
(b) Find the probability that none of the 6 people support either of these choirs. [2]
(ii) A random sample of 240 people is chosen from the audience. Use a suitable approximation to
find the probability that fewer than 50 do not support either of the choirs. [5]
9709/52/F/M/20/Q3
14 The weights of apples of a certain variety are normally distributed with mean 82 grams. 22% of these
apples have a weight greater than 87 grams.

(a) Find the standard deviation of the weights of these apples. [3]
(b) Find the probability that the weight of a randomly chosen apple of this variety differs from the
mean weight by less than 4 grams. [4]
9709/52/F/M/20/Q5
15 In Greenton, 70% of the adults own a car. A random sample of 8 adults from Greenton is
chosen.
[3]
(a) Find the probability that the number of adults in this sample who own a car is less than 6.
A random sample of 120 adults from Greenton is now chosen.
(b) Use an approximation to find the probability that more than 75 of them own a car. [5]
9709/51/M/J/20/Q6
16 The lengths of female snakes of a particular species are normally distributed with mean 54 cm
and standard deviation 6.1 cm.

(a) Find the probability that a randomly chosen female snake of this species has length between
50 cm and 60 cm. [4]
The lengths of male snakes of this species also have a normal distribution. A scientist measures the
lengths of a random sample of 200 male snakes of this species. He finds that 32 have lengths less than
45 cm and 17 have lengths more than 56 cm.

(b) Find estimates for the mean and standard deviation of the lengths of male snakes of this species.
[5]
9709/52/M/J/20/Q4
`17 Trees in the Redian forest are classified as tall, medium or short, according to their height. The heights
can be modelled by a normal distribution with mean 40 m and standard deviation 12 m. Trees with a
height of less than 25 m are classified as short.

(a) Find the probability that a randomly chosen tree is classified as short. [3]
Of the trees that are classified as tall or medium, one third are tall and two thirds are medium.

(b) Show that the probability that a randomly chosen tree is classified as tall is 0.298, correct to
3 decimal places. [2]
(c) Find the height above which trees are classified as tall. [3]
9709/52/M/J/20/Q7
18 On any given day, the probability that Moena messages her friend Pasha is 0.72.

(a) Find the probability that for a random sample of 12 days Moena messages Pasha on no more
than 9 days. [3]
(b) Moena messages Pasha on 1 January. Find the probability that the next day on which she
messages Pasha is 5 January. [1]
(c) Use an approximation to find the probability that in any period of 100 days Moena messages
Pasha on fewer than 64 days. [5]
9709/53/M/J/20/Q3
19 In a certain town, the time, X hours, for which people watch television in a week has a normal
distribution with mean 15.8 hours and standard deviation 4.2 hours.

(a) Find the probability that a randomly chosen person from this town watches television for less
than 21 hours in a week. [2]
(b) Find the value of k such that P X < k
= 0.75. [3]
9709/53/M/J/20/Q5
20 A pair of fair coins is thrown repeatedly until a pair of tails is obtained. The random variable X
denotes the number of throws required to obtain a pair of tails.

(a) Find the expected value of X . [1]

(b) Find the probability that exactly 3 throws are required to obtain a pair of tails. [1]
(c) Find the probability that fewer than 6 throws are required to obtain a pair of tails. [2]
On a different occasion, a pair of fair coins is thrown 80 times.

(d) Use an approximation to find the probability that a pair of tails is obtained more than 25 times.
[5]
9709/51/O/N/20/Q5
21 The time in hours that Davin plays on his games machine each day is normally distributed with
mean 3.5 and standard deviation 0.9.

(a) Find the probability that on a randomly chosen day Davin plays on his games machine for more
than 4.2 hours. [3]
(b) On 90% of days Davin plays on his games machine for more than t hours. Find the value of t.
[3]
(c) Calculate an estimate for the number of days in a year (365 days) on which Davin plays on his
games machine for between 2.8 and 4.2 hours. [3]
9709/52/O/N/20/Q3
22 Pia runs 2 km every day and her times in minutes are normally distributed with mean 10.1 and standard
deviation 1.3.

(a) Find the probability that on a randomly chosen day Pia takes longer than 11.3 minutes to run
2 km. [3]
(b) On 75% of days, Pia takes longer than t minutes to run 2 km. Find the value of t. [3]
(c) On how many days in a period of 90 days would you expect Pia to take between 8.9 and
11.3 minutes to run 2 km? [3]
9709/53/O/N/20/Q1
23 The times taken to swim 100 metres by members of a large swimming club have a normal distribution
with mean 62 seconds and standard deviation 5 seconds.

(a) Find the probability that a randomly chosen member of the club takes between 56 and 66 seconds
to swim 100 metres. [3]
(b) 13% of the members of the club take more than t minutes to swim 100 metres. Find the value
of t. [3]

9709/53/O/N/20/Q4
24 The 13 00 train from Jahor to Keman runs every day. The probability that the train arrives late in
Keman is 0.35.

(a) For a random sample of 7 days, find the probability that the train arrives late on fewer than 3 days.
[3]
A random sample of 142 days is taken.

(b) Use an approximation to find the probability that the train arrives late on more than 40 days. [5]

9709/52/F/M/21/Q3
25 The time spent by shoppers in a large shopping centre has a normal distribution with mean 96 minutes
and standard deviation 18 minutes.

(a) Find the probability that a shopper chosen at random spends between 85 and 100 minutes in the
shopping centre. [3]
88% of shoppers spend more than t minutes in the shopping centre.

(b) Find the value of t. [3]

9709/52/F/M/21/Q7
26 There are 400 students at a school in a certain country. Each student was asked whether they preferred
swimming, cycling or running and the results are given in the following table.

Swimming Cycling Running

Female 104 50 66
Male 31 57 92

A student is chosen at random.

(a) (i) Find the probability that the student prefers swimming. [1]

(ii) Determine whether the events ‘the student is male’ and ‘the student prefers swimming’ are
independent, justifying your answer. [2]

On average at all the schools in this country 30% of the students do not like any sports.

(b) (i) 10 of the students from this country are chosen at random.
Find the probability that at least 3 of these students do not like any sports. [3]

(ii) 90 students from this country are now chosen at random.

Use an approximation to find the probability that fewer than 32 of them do not like any
sports. [5]
9709/51/M/J/21/Q2
27 A company produces a particular type of metal rod. The lengths of these rods are normally distributed
with mean 25.2 cm and standard deviation 0.4 cm. A random sample of 500 of these rods is chosen.

How many rods in this sample would you expect to have a length that is within 0.5 cm of the mean
length? [5]
9709/51/M/J/21/Q6
28 In Questa, 60% of the adults travel to work by car.

(a) A random sample of 12 adults from Questa is taken.

Find the probability that the number who travel to work by car is less than 10. [3]
(b) A random sample of 150 adults from Questa is taken.

Use an approximation to find the probability that the number who travel to work by car is less
than 81. [5]
(c) Justify the use of your approximation in part (b). [1]
9709/52/M/J/21/Q2
29 The weights of bags of sugar are normally distributed with mean 1.04 kg and standard deviation 3 kg.
In a random sample of 2000 bags of sugar, 72 weighed more than 1.10 kg.

Find the value of 3. [4]

9709/52/M/J/21/Q5
30 Every day Richard takes a flight between Astan and Bejin. On any day, the probability that the flight
arrives early is 0.15, the probability that it arrives on time is 0.55 and the probability that it arrives
late is 0.3.

(a) Find the probability that on each of 3 randomly chosen days, Richard’s flight does not arrive late.
[1]
(b) Find the probability that for 9 randomly chosen days, Richard’s flight arrives early at least 3
times. [3]
(c) 60 days are chosen at random.

Use an approximation to find the probability that Richard’s flight arrives early at least 12 times.
9709/53/M/J/21/Q5 [5]
31 The lengths of the leaves of a particular type of tree are modelled by a normal distribution. A scientist
measures the lengths of a random sample of 500 leaves from this type of tree and finds that 42 are less
than 4 cm long and 100 are more than 10 cm long.

(a) Find estimates for the mean and standard deviation of the lengths of leaves from this type of tree.
[5]
The lengths, in cm, of the leaves of a different type of tree have the distribution N -, 3 2
. The scientist
takes a random sample of 800 leaves from this type of tree.

(b) Find how many of these leaves the scientist would expect to have lengths, in cm, between - − 23
and - + 23. [4]
9709/53/M/J/21/Q7
32 In the region of Arka, the total number of households in the three villages Reeta, Shan and Teber is 800.
Each of the households was asked about the quality of their broadband service. Their responses are
summarised in the following table.

Quality of broadband service

Excellent Good Poor
Reeta 75 118 32
Village Shan 223 177 40
Teber 12 60 63

(a) (i) Find the probability that a randomly chosen household is in Shan and has poor broadband
service. [1]
 (ii) Find the probability that a randomly chosen household has good broadband service given
that the household is in Shan. [2]
In the whole of Arka there are a large number of households. A survey showed that 35% of households
in Arka have no broadband service.

(b) (i) 10 households in Arka are chosen at random.

Find the probability that fewer than 3 of these households have no broadband service. [3]
(ii) 120 households in Arka are chosen at random.

Use an approximation to find the probability that more than 32 of these households have no
broadband service. [5]

9709/51/O/N/21/Q7
33 The times, in minutes, that Karli spends each day on social media are normally distributed with
mean 125 and standard deviation 24.

(a) (i) On how many days of the year (365 days) would you expect Karli to spend more than
142 minutes on social media? [5]
(ii) Find the probability that Karli spends more than 142 minutes on social media on fewer than
2 of 10 randomly chosen days. [3]
(b) On 90% of days, Karli spends more than t minutes on social media.

Find the value of t. [3]

9709/52/O/N/21/Q6
34 The times taken, in minutes, to complete a particular task by employees at a large company are
normally distributed with mean 32.2 and standard deviation 9.6.

(a) Find the probability that a randomly chosen employee takes more than 28.6 minutes to complete
the task. [3]
(b) 20% of employees take longer than t minutes to complete the task.

Find the value of t. [3]

(c) Find the probability that the time taken to complete the task by a randomly chosen employee
differs from the mean by less than 15.0 minutes. [4]

9709/53/O/N/21/Q4
35 Raj wants to improve his fitness, so every day he goes for a run. The times, in minutes, of his runs
have a normal distribution with mean 41.2 and standard deviation 3.6.

(a) Find the probability that on a randomly chosen day Raj runs for more than 43.2 minutes. [3]
(b) Find an estimate for the number of days in a year (365 days) on which Raj runs for
less than 43.2 minutes. [2]
(c) On 95% of days, Raj runs for more than t minutes.

Find the value of t. [3]

9709/52/F/M/22/Q4
36 The weights of male leopards in a particular region are normally distributed with mean 55 kg and
standard deviation 6 kg.

(a) Find the probability that a randomly chosen male leopard from this region weighs between 46
and 62 kg. [4]
 The weights of female leopards in this region are normally distributed with mean 42 kg and standard
deviation 3 kg. It is known that 25% of female leopards in the region weigh less than 36 kg.

(b) Find the value of 3. [3]

The distributions of the weights of male and female leopards are independent of each other. A male
leopard and a female leopard are each chosen at random.

(c) Find the probability that both the weights of these leopards are less than 46 kg. [4]
9709/51/M/J/22/Q5
37 The lengths, in cm, of the leaves of a particular type are modelled by the distribution N 5.2, 1.52
.

(a) Find the probability that a randomly chosen leaf of this type has length less than 6 cm. [2]
The lengths of the leaves of another type are also modelled by a normal distribution. A scientist
measures the lengths of a random sample of 500 leaves of this type and finds that 46 are less than 3 cm
long and 95 are more than 8 cm long.

(b) Find estimates for the mean and standard deviation of the lengths of leaves of this type. [5]
(c) In a random sample of 2000 leaves of this second type, how many would the scientist expect to
find with lengths more than 1 standard deviation from the mean? [4]
9709/52/M/J/22/Q4
38 The weights, in kg, of bags of rice produced by Anders have the distribution N 2.02, 0.032
.

(a) Find the probability that a randomly chosen bag of rice produced by Anders weighs between
1.98 and 2.03 kg. [3]
The weights of bags of rice produced by Binders are normally distributed with mean 2.55 kg and
standard deviation 3 kg. In a random sample of 5000 of these bags, 134 weighed more than 2.6 kg.

(b) Find the value of 3. [4]

9709/52/M/J/22/Q5
39 In a large college, 28% of the students do not play any musical instrument, 52% play exactly one
musical instrument and the remainder play two or more musical instruments.

A random sample of 12 students from the college is chosen.

(a) Find the probability that more than 9 of these students play at least one musical instrument. [3]
A random sample of 90 students from the college is now chosen.

(b) Use an approximation to find the probability that fewer than 40 of these students play exactly
one musical instrument. [5]

9709/53/M/J/22/Q5
40 Farmer Jones grows apples. The weights, in grams, of the apples grown this year are normally
distributed with mean 170 and standard deviation 25. Apples that weigh between 142 grams and
205 grams are sold to a supermarket.

(a) Find the probability that a randomly chosen apple grown by Farmer Jones this year is sold to the
supermarket. [4]
Farmer Jones sells the apples to the supermarket at $0.24 each. He sells apples that weigh more than
205 grams to a local shop at $0.30 each. He does not sell apples that weigh less than 142 grams.

The total number of apples grown by Farmer Jones this year is 20 000.

(b) Calculate an estimate for his total income from this year’s apples. [3]
Farmer Tan also grows apples. The weights, in grams, of the apples grown this year follow the
distribution N 182, 202
. 72% of these apples have a weight more than w grams.

(c) Find the value of w. [3]

9709/51/O/N/22/Q2
41 The residents of Persham were surveyed about the reliability of their internet service. 12% rated the
service as ‘poor’, 36% rated it as ‘satisfactory’ and 52% rated it as ‘good’.

A random sample of 8 residents of Persham is chosen.

(a) Find the probability that more than 2 and fewer than 8 of them rate their internet service as poor
or satisfactory. [3]
A random sample of 125 residents of Persham is now chosen.

(b) Use an approximation to find the probability that more than 72 of these residents rate their internet
service as good. [5]

9709/51/O/N/22/Q4
42 In a large population, the systolic blood pressure (SBP) of adults is normally distributed with
mean 125.4 and standard deviation 18.6.

(a) Find the probability that the SBP of a randomly chosen adult is less than 132. [2]
The SBP of 12-year-old children in the same population is normally distributed with mean 117. Of
these children 88% have SBP more than 108.

(b) Find the standard deviation of this distribution. [3]

Three adults are chosen at random from this population.

(c) Find the probability that each of these three adults has SBP within 1.5 standard deviations of the
mean. [4]

9709/52/O/N/22/Q2
43 The lengths of the rods produced by a company are normally distributed with mean 55.6 mm and
standard deviation 1.2 mm.

(a) In a random sample of 400 of these rods, how many would you expect to have length less than
54.8 mm? [4]
(b) Find the probability that a randomly chosen rod produced by this company has a length that is
within half a standard deviation of the mean. [3]

9709/52/O/N/22/Q6
44 At a company’s call centre, 90% of callers are connected immediately to a representative.

A random sample of 12 callers is chosen.

(a) Find the probability that fewer than 10 of these callers are connected immediately. [3]
A random sample of 80 callers is chosen.

(b) Use an approximation to find the probability that more than 69 of these callers are connected
immediately. [5]
(c) Justify the use of your approximation in part (b). [1]
9709/53/O/N/22/Q2
45 In a large college, 32% of the students have blue eyes. A random sample of 80 students is chosen.

Use an approximation to find the probability that fewer than 20 of these students have blue eyes. [5]
9709/53/O/N/22/Q5
46 Company A produces bags of sugar. An inspector finds that on average 10% of the bags are
underweight.

10 of the bags are chosen at random.

(a) Find the probability that fewer than 3 of these bags are underweight. [3]
The weights of the bags of sugar produced by company B are normally distributed with mean 1.04 kg
and standard deviation 0.06 kg.

(b) Find the probability that a randomly chosen bag produced by company B weighs more than
1.11 kg. [3]
81% of the bags of sugar produced by company B weigh less than w kg.

(c) Find the value of w. [3]

9709/52/F/M/23/Q6
47 In a cycling event the times taken to complete a course are modelled by a normal distribution with
mean 62.3 minutes and standard deviation 8.4 minutes.

(a) Find the probability that a randomly chosen cyclist has a time less than 74 minutes. [2]
(b) Find the probability that 4 randomly chosen cyclists all have times between 50 and 74 minutes.
[4]
In a different cycling event, the times can also be modelled by a normal distribution. 23% of the
cyclists have times less than 36 minutes and 10% of the cyclists have times greater than 54 minutes.

(c) Find estimates for the mean and standard deviation of this distribution. [5]

9709/51/M/J/23/Q4
48 A mathematical puzzle is given to a large number of students. The times taken to complete the puzzle
are normally distributed with mean 14.6 minutes and standard deviation 5.2 minutes.

(a) In a random sample of 250 of the students, how many would you expect to have taken more than
20 minutes to complete the puzzle? [4]
All the students are given a second puzzle to complete. Their times, in minutes, are normally
distributed with mean - and standard deviation 3 . It is found that 20% of the students have times less
than 14.5 minutes and 67% of the students have times greater than 18.5 minutes.

(b) Find the value of - and the value of 3 . [5]

9709/51/M/J/23/Q6
49 Eli has four fair 4-sided dice with sides labelled 1, 2, 3, 4. He throws all four dice at the same time.
The random variable X denotes the number of 2s obtained.

(a) Show that P X = 3
= 64

3. [2]
(b) Complete the following probability distribution table for X . [2]

x 0 1 2 3 4
P X = x
81 3 1
256 64 256
(c) Find E X
. [2]
Eli throws the four dice at the same time on 96 occasions.

(d) Use an approximation to find the probability that he obtains at least two 2s on fewer than 20 of
these occasions. [5]
9709/52/M/J/23/Q5
50 The lengths of Western bluebirds are normally distributed with mean 16.5 cm and standard
deviation 0.6 cm.

A random sample of 150 of these birds is selected.

(a) How many of these 150 birds would you expect to have length between 15.4 cm and 16.8 cm?
[4]
The lengths of Eastern bluebirds are normally distributed with mean 18.4 cm and standard deviation
3 cm. It is known that 72% of Eastern bluebirds have length greater than 17.1 cm.

(b) Find the value of 3. [3]

A random sample of 120 Eastern bluebirds is chosen.

(c) Use an approximation to find the probability that fewer than 80 of these 120 bluebirds have length
greater than 17.1 cm. [5]
9709/53/M/J/23/Q2
51 Anil is a candidate in an election. He received 40% of the votes. A random sample of 120 voters is
chosen.

Use an approximation to find the probability that, of the 120 voters, between 36 and 54 inclusive voted
for Anil. [5]
9709/53/M/J/23/Q6
52 The mass of grapes sold per day by a large shop can be modelled by a normal distribution with mean
28 kg. On 10% of days less than 16 kg of grapes are sold.

(a) Find the standard deviation of the mass of grapes sold per day. [3]
The mass of grapes sold on any day is independent of the mass sold on any other day.

(b) 12 days are chosen at random.

Find the probability that less than 16 kg of grapes are sold on more than 2 of these 12 days. [3]
(c) In a random sample of 365 days, on how many days would you expect the mass of grapes sold
to be within 1.3 standard deviations of the mean? [4]

9709/51/O/N/23/Q3
53 A farmer sells eggs. The weights, in grams, of the eggs can be modelled by a normal distribution with
mean 80.5 and standard deviation 6.6. Eggs are classified as small, medium or large according to their
weight. A small egg weighs less than 76 grams and 40% of the eggs are classified as medium.

(a) Find the percentage of eggs that are classified as small. [3]
(b) Find the least possible weight of an egg classified as large. [3]
150 of the eggs for sale last week were weighed.

(c) Use an approximation to find the probability that more than 68 of these eggs were classified as
medium. [5]

9709/52/O/N/23/Q3
54 A factory produces a certain type of electrical component. It is known that 15% of the components
produced are faulty. A random sample of 200 components is chosen.

Use an approximation to find the probability that more than 40 of these components are faulty. [5]
9709/52/O/N/23/Q5
55 (a) The heights of the members of a club are normally distributed with mean 166 cm and standard
deviation 10 cm.
(i) Find the probability that a randomly chosen member of the club has height less than 170 cm.
[2]
(ii) Given that 40% of the members have heights greater than h cm, find the value of h correct
to 2 decimal places. [3]
(b) The random variable X is normally distributed with mean - and standard deviation 3.

Given that 3 = 23 -, find the probability that a randomly chosen value of X is positive. [3]

9709/53/O/N/23/Q2
56 The weights of large bags of pasta produced by a company are normally distributed with mean 1.5 kg
and standard deviation 0.05 kg.

(a) Find the probability that a randomly chosen large bag of pasta weighs between 1.42 kg and
1.52 kg. [3]
The weights of small bags of pasta produced by the company are normally distributed with mean
0.75 kg and standard deviation 3 kg. It is found that 68% of these small bags have weight less than
0.9 kg.
(b) Find the value of 3. [3]

9709/53/O/N/23/Q5
57 The probability that a driver passes an advanced driving test is 0.3 on any given attempt.

(a) Dipak keeps taking the test until he passes. The random variable X denotes the number of
attempts required for Dipak to pass the test.
(i) Find P 2 ≤ X ≤ 6
. [2]
(ii) Find E X
. [1]
Five friends will each take their advanced driving test tomorrow.

(b) Find the probability that at least three of them will pass tomorrow. [3]
75 people will take their advanced driving test next week.

(c) Use an approximation to find the probability that more than 20 of them will pass next week. [5]
1(i) P(4, 5, 6) = 6C4 0.3540.652 + 6C5 0.3550.651 + 0.356 M1 Binomial term of form 6Cxpx(1 – p)6– x 0 < p < 1 any p, x≠6,0

A1 Correct unsimplified answer

= 0.117 A1

(ii) 1 − 0.65n > 0.95 M1 Equation or inequality involving ‘0.65n or 0.35n’ and ‘0.95 or 0.05’
0.65n < 0.05

log 0.05 M1 Attempt to solve their exponential equation using logs or Trial and
n> = 6.95 Error.
log 0.65

n=7 A1 CAO

(iii) Mean = 0.35 ×100 = 35 B1 Correct unsimplified np and npq,

Variance = 0.35 × 0.65 ×100 = 22.75

 39.5 − 35  M1 Substituting their µ and σ (condone σ2) into the ±Standardisation

P z >  = P ( z > 0.943) Formula with a numerical value for ‘39.5’.
 22.75 

M1 Using continuity correction 39.5 or 40.5

= 1 − 0.8272 M1 Appropriate area Φ from standardisation formula P(z>….) in final

solution, (>0.5 if z is -ve, <0.5 if z is +ve)

= 0.173 A1 Final answer

5
2(i) (P > 12) = P(13, 14, 15) M1 Binomial term of form 15Cxpx(1 – p)15 – x 0 < p < 1 any p, x ≠ 15,0

= 15C13(0.65)13(0.35)2 + 15C14(0.65)14(0.35)1 + (0.65)15 A1 Correct unsimplified answer

= 0.0617 A1 SC if use np and npq with justification give (12.5 – 9.75)/√3.41 M1

1–F(1.489) A1 0.0681 A0

(ii) mean = 250 × 0.65 = 162.5 B1 Correct unsimplified np and npq

variance = 250 × 0.65 × 0.35 = 56.875

178.5 −162.5 M1 Substituting their µ and σ (condone σ2) into the Standardisation
P(< 179) = P(z < ) = P(z < 2.122) Formula with a numerical value for ‘178.5’. Continuity correct not
56.875
required for this M1. Condone ± standardisation formula

Using continuity correction 178.5 or 179.5 M1

= 0.983 A1 Correct final answer

3(i)  700 − 830  M1 Using ± standardisation formula, no continuity correction, not σ2 or

P (< 700) = P  z <  = P(z < –1.083) √σ
 120 

= 1 – 0.8606 M1 Appropriate area Φ from standardisation formula P(z<….) in final

probability solution, (<0.5 if z is –ve, >0.5 if z is +ve)

= 0.1394 A1 Correct final probability rounding to 0.139

Expected number of female adults = 430 × their 0.1394 B1 FT their 3 or 4 SF probability, rounded or truncated to integer
= 59.9 So 59 or 60

4
(ii) P(giraffe < 830+w) = 95% so z = 1.645 B1 ±1.645 seen (critical value)

(830 + w ) − 830 = w
= 1.645
M1 An equation using the standardisation formula with a z-value
(not 1 – z), condone σ2 or √σ not 0.8519, 0.8289
120 120

w = 197 A1 Correct answer

(iii) P(male > 950) = 0.834, so z = –0.97 B1 ± 0.97 seen

950 − 1190 M1 Using ± standardisation formula, condone continuity correction, σ2

= –0.97 or √σ, condone equating with non z-value not 0.834, 0.166
σ

σ = 247 A1 Condone –σ = –247. www.

4  28.9 − 30  B1 Using ± standardising formula, no continuity correction, not σ 2 or √σ,

P( < 28.9) = P  z < 
 1.5 

= P(z < –0.733) M1 Appropriate area Φ from standardisation formula P(z <….) in final
= 1 – 0.7682 probability solution,
Must be a probability, e.g. 1 – 0.622 is M0

= 0.2318 A1 Correct final probability rounding to 0.232.

(Only requires M1 not B1 to be awarded

Number of cartridges is their 0.2318 × 8 B1 FT using their 4 SF (or better) value, ans. rounded or truncated to integer,
= 1.85, so 2 (Also accept 1 but not both) no approximation indicated.

4
 5  121 − µ  B1 ± 0.842 seen but B0 if 1 ± 0.842 oe seen
z = 0.842 =   so 0.842σ = 121 – µ
 σ  M1 One appropriate standardisation equation with a z-value, µ, σ and 121 or
102, condone continuity correction. Not 0.158, 0.42,…

 102 − µ  B1 ± 0.58(0) seen but B0 if 1 ± 0.58 oe seen

z = –0.58 =   so –0.58σ = 102 – µ
 σ 

Solving M1 Correct algebraic elimination of µ or σ from their two simultaneous

equations to form an equation in one variable, condone 1 numerical slip

σ = 13.4 µ = 110 A1 If M0A0 scored (i.e. no algebraic elimination seen), SC B1 can be

awarded for both answers correct

Consistent use of σ 2 or √σ throughout apply MR penalty to A mark or SC

B mark.

6(i)  79 − 85 91 − 85  M1 Using ± standardisation formula for either 79 or 91, no continuity

P(79 < X < 91) = P  <Z<  correction
 6.8 6.8 
= P(–0.8824 < Z < 0.8824)

= Φ ( 0.8824 ) − Φ ( −0.8824) M1 Correct area ( Φ − Φ ) with one +ve and one –ve z-value or 2 Φ – 1
or 2( Φ − 0.5)
= 0.8111 – (1 – 0.8111)

= 0.622 A1 Correct answer

(ii) z = –1.751 B1 ± 1.751 seen

t − 85 M1 An equation using ± standardisation formula with a z-value,

–1.751 = condone σ2 or √σ
6.8

t = 73.1 A1 Correct answer

3
7(i) P(0, 1, 2) = (0.66)14 + 14C1(0.34)(0.66)13 + 14C2(0.34)2(0.66)12 M1 Binomial term of form 14Cxpx(1 – p)14 – x 0 < p < 1 any p, x ≠ 14,0

= 0.0029758 + 0.02146239 + 0.071866 A1 Correct unsimplified answer

= 0.0963 A1 Correct answer

(ii) Mean =600 × 0.34 = 204, Var = 600 × 0.34 × 0.66 = 134.64 B1 Correct unsimplified np and npq (or sd = 11.603 or Variance =
3366/25)

M1 Substituting their µ and σ, (no σ2 or √σ) into the Standardisation

Formula with a numerical value for ‘189.5’. Condone ±
 189.5 − 204  standardisation formula
P(< 190) = P  z <  = P(z < –1.2496)
 134.64 
M1 Using continuity correction 189.5 or 190.5 within a Standardisation
formula

= 1 – Φ (1.2496) M1 Appropriate area Φ from standardisation formula P(z<….) in final

solution, (<0.5 if z is –ve, >0.5 if z is +ve)

= 1 – 0.8944 = 0.106 A1 Correct final answer

5
8(i)  46 − 49.2 53 − 49.2  M1 Using ± standardisation formula for either 46 or 53, no
P(46 < X < 53) = P  <Z <  continuity correction, σ2 or √σ
 2.8 2.8 

P( −1.143 < Z < 1.357) A1 Both standardisations correct unsimplified

Φ (1.357 ) + Φ (1.143) −1 M1 Correct final area

= 0.9126 + 0.8735 – 1

0.786 A1 Final answer

(ii) t − 49.2 B1 ±1.406 seen

= −1.406
2.8

M1 An equation using ± standardisation formula with a z-value,

condone σ2 or √σ

45.3 A1

(iii) P(X < 46) = 0.1265 M1 Calculated or ft from (i)

P(2PB < 46) = 3 (1 − 0.1265 ) 0.12652 M1 3(1-p)p2, 0<p<1

0.0419 A1

3
9(i) P(8, 9, 10) = 10C8 0.668 0.342 +10C9 0.669 0.341 + 0.6610 M1 Correct binomial term, 10Ca 0.66a(1–0.66)b
a+b = 10, 0 < a,b < 10

A1 Correct unsimplified expression

0.284 B1 CAO

(ii) np = 0.66 × 150 = 99 B1 Accept evaluated or unsimplified µ, σ2 numerical expressions,

npq = 0.66 × (1 − 0.66 ) × 150 = 33.66 condone σ = 33.66 = 5.8017 or 5.802
CAO

 84.5 − 99  M1 x − their 99
P(X > 84) = P  Z >  ± Standardise, , condone σ2, x a value
 33.66  their 33.66

M1 84.5 or 83.5 used in their standardisation formula

(= P ( Z > −2.499 ) ) M1 Correct final area

0.994 A1 Final answer (accept 0.9938)

SC if no standardisation formula seen,

B2 P(Z > -2.499) = 0.994

5
10(i)  45 − 40  M1 ± Standardise, no continuity correction, σ2 or σ , formula must
P(X < 45) = P  Z < 
 8  be seen
= P(Z < 0.625)

0.734(0) A1 CAO

(ii) 1 − 2 (1− ( i ) ) = 2 ( i ) −1 = 2((i) – 0.5) M1 Use result of part (i) or recalculated to find area
OE

0.468 A1ft 0 < FT from (i) < 1 or correct.

iii) P(X < 10) = 48/500 = 0.096 B1 z = ± 1.305

z = –1.305

P(X > 24) = 76/500 = 0.152 B1 z = ± 1.028

z = 1.028

M1 Form 1 equation using 10 or 24 with , , –value. Allow

24 − µ = 1.028σ continuity correction, not , √

14 = 2.333σ M1 OE
Solve two equations in σ and µ to form equation in one
variable

σ = 6.[ 00] , µ = 17.8[3] A1 CAO, WWW

5
 11(i) h < 148) = 0.67 B1 z = ±0.44 seen

h − 148 M1 (h −148)
= 0.44 z-value = ±
8 8

151.52 ≈ 152 A1 CAO

(ii)  144 −148 152 − 148  M1 Using ± standardisation formula for either 144 or 152,
P(144 < X < 152) = P  <Z <  µ = 148, σ = 8 and no continuity correction, allow σ2 or √σ
 8 8 

 1 1 M1 Correct final area legitimately obtained from

= P  − < Z <  = 0.6915 – (1 – 0.6915) = 2 × 0.6915 – 1 phi(their z2) – phi(their z1)
 2 2

= 0.383 A1 Final probability answer

0.383 × 120 = 45.96 B1FT Their prob (to 3 or 4 sf) × 120, rounded to a whole number
Accept 45 or 46 only or truncated

12(i)  132 − 140  M1 Using ± standardisation formula, no continuity correction, not σ2 or

P(X< 132) = P  Z <  = P( Z < −0.6667) √σ
 12 

= 1 – 0.7477 M1 Appropriate area Φ from standardisation formula P(z<….) in final

solution

= 0.252 awrt A1 Condone linear interpolation = 0.25243

(ii) P(tim = 0.675, z = –0.454 B1 ±0.454 seen

k − 140 M1 An equation using the standardisation formula with a

= −0.454 z-value (not 1 – z), condone σ2 or √σ
12

k = 135, 134.6, 134.55 A1 B0M1A1 max from –0.45

3
13(i)(a) P(0, 1, 2) = 6C0 0.30 0.76 + 6C1 0.31 0.75 + 6C2 0.32 0.74 M1 Binomial term of form 6Cxpx(1 – p)6– x 0 < p < 1
any p, x ≠ 6,0

0.1176 ... + 0.3025 ... + 0.3241 ... A1 Correct unsimplified answer

0.744 A1 Correct final answer

(i)(b) P(support neither choir) = 1 – (0.3 + 0.45) = 0.25 M1 0.25n seen alone, 1 < n ⩽ 6

P(6 support neither choir) = 0.256 A1 Correct final answer

1
= 0.000244 or
4096

(ii) Mean = 240 × 0.25 = 60 B1FT Correct unsimplified 240p and 240pq
Variance = 240 × 0.25 × 0.75 = 45 where p =their P(support neither choir) or 0.25

 49.5 − 60  M1 Substituting their µ and σ (condone σ2) into the

P(X < 50) = P  Z <  = P(Z < –1.565) ±Standardisation Formula with a numerical value for ‘49.5’.
 45 

M1 Using continuity correction 49.5 or 50.5 within a

standardisation expression

1 – 0.9412 M1 Appropriate area Φ from standardisation formula P(z< …)

in final solution, (< 0.5 if z is –ve, > 0.5 if z is +ve)

0.0588 A1 Correct final answer

5
14(a)  87 − 82  M1 Using ± standardisation formula, not σ 2 , not σ ,
P(X > 87) = P  Z > = 0.22
 σ  no continuity correction

 5 B1 AWRT ±0.772 seen

PZ <  = 0.78 B0 for ±0.228
 σ
5 
 =  0.772
σ 

σ = 6.48 A1

(b)  4 4 M1 Using ±4 used within a standardisation formula (SOI),

P  − < Z <  = P ( −0.6176 < Z < 0.6176 )
 σ σ allow σ 2, σ and continuity correction

M1 Standardisation formula applied to both their ±4

Φ = 0.7317 M1 Correct area 2Φ − 1 oe linked to final solution

Prob ==2Φ −1 2 ( 0.7317 ) −1

= 0.463 A1

4
15(a) 1 – P(6, 7, 8) M1 One term 8Cx p x (1− p )
8− x
, 0 < p < 1, x ≠ 0
= 1 – (8C6 0.76 0.32 + 8C7 0.77 0.31 + 0.78 )

= 1 – 0.55177 A1 Correct unsimplified expression, or better

= 0.448 A1

Alternative method for question 5(a)

P(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) M1 One term 8Cx p x (1− p )

8− x
, 0 < p < 1, x ≠ 0
= 0.38 + 8C1 0.710.37 +8C2 0.720.36 + 8C3 0.730.35 +
8
C40.740.34 + 8C5 0.750.33

A1 Correct unsimplified expression, or better

= 0.448 A1

(b) Mean = 120 × 0.7 = 84 B1 Correct mean and variance, allow unsimplified
Var = 120 × 0.7 × 0.3 =
25.2

 75.5 − 84  M1 Substituting their µ and σ into the ±standardising formula (any

P( more than 75) = P  z >  number), not σ2, not √σ
 25.2 

M1 Using continuity correction 75.5 or 74.5

P( z > −1.693) M1 Appropriate area Φ , from final process, must be a probability

= 0.955 A1 Allow 0.9545 < p ⩽ 0.955

5
16(a)  50 − 54 60 − 54  M1
P <z<  = P ( −0.6557 < Z < 0.9836 )
 6.1 6.1 

Both values correct A1

Φ (0.9836) – Φ (–0.6557) = Φ (0.9836) + Φ (0.6557) – 1 M1

= 0.8375 + 0.7441 – 1
(Correct area)

0.582 A1

(b) 45 − μ B1
= −0.994
σ

56 − μ B1
= 1.372
σ

One appropriate standardisation equation with , , z-value (not probability) and 45 or 56. M1

11 = 2.366 σ M1
(M1 for correct algebraic elimination of µ or σ from their two simultaneous equations to form an equation in one variable)

σ = 4.65, μ = 49.6 A1

5
17(a)  25 − 40  M1
P ( X < 25 ) = P  z <  = P ( z < − 1.25 ) P ( X < 25 ) = P ( z < )
 12 

1 – 0.8944 M1

0.106 A1

(b) 0.8944 divided by 3 M1

(M1 for 1 - their (a) divided by 3)

0.298 AG A1

(c) 0.2981 gives z = 0.53 B1

h − 40 M1
= 0.53
12

h = 46.4 A1

18(a) – P(10, 11, 12) M1

= 1 – [12C10 0.72100.282 + 12C11 0.72110.281+0.7212]

1 – (0.19372 + 0.09057 + 0.01941) A1

0.696 A1

(b) 0.283 × 0.72 = 0.0158 B1

1
(c) Mean = 100 × 0.72 = 72 M1
Var = 100 × 0.72 × 0.28 = 20.16

 63.5 − 72  M1
P(less than 64) = P  z < 
 20.16 
(M1 for substituting their µ and σ into ±standardisation formula with a numerical value for ‘63.5’)

Using either 63.5 or 64.5 within a ±standardisation formula M1

Appropriate area Φ, from standardisation formula P(z<…) in final solution M1

= P(z < –1.893)

0.0292 A1

19(a)  21 −15.8  M1
P(X < 21) = P  z <  = Φ(1.238)
 4.2 

0.892 A1

(b) z = ±0.674 B1

k − 15.8 M1
= 0.674
4.2

18.6 A1

3
20(a) 1 B1
1
=4
4

(b) 9 B1
( = 0.141)
64

(c) 3
5 M1
P(X < 6) = 1 –  
4
(FT their probability/mean from part (a))

0.763 A1

(d) Mean = 80 × 0.25 = 20 M1

Var = 80 × 0.25 × 0.75 = 15

 25.5 − 20  M1
P(more than 25) = P  z > 
 15 

P(z > 1.42) M1

1 – 0.9222 M1

0.0778 A1

5
21(a) 4.2 − 3.5 M1 Using ± standardisation formula, no σ or σ 2 , continuity
P(X > 4.2) = P( z > )
0.9 correction
= P( z > 0.7778)

1 – 0·7818 M1 Appropriate area Φ , from standardisation formula P(z>…) in

final solution

0·218 A1

(b) z = −1.282 B1 ±1.282 seen (critical value)

t − 3.5 M1 An equation using ±standardisation formula with a z-value,

= −1.282
0.9 condone σ , σ 2 and continuity correction

t = 2.35 A1 AWRT, only dependent on M mark

(c) P(2.8 < X < 4.2) = 1 – 2 × their 5(a) B1 FT FT from their 5(a) < 0.5 or correct
≡ 2(1 – their 5(a)) – 1 Accept unevaluated probability
≡ 2(0·5 – their 5(a)) OE
= 0·5636 Accept 0·564

Number of days = 365 × 0·5636 = 205·7 M1 365 × their p

So, 205 (days) A1 FT Accept 205 or 206, not 205·0 or 206·0 no approximation/
rounding stated
FT must be an integer value

Alternative method for question 5(c)

 2.8 − 3.5 4.2 − 3.5  B1 0·5635 < p ⩽ 0·564

P <z< 
 0.9 0.9 
= Φ ( 0.7778) − (1 − Φ0.7778) OE
= 0·7818 – (1 – 0·7818)
= 0·5636

Number of days = 365 × 0·5636 = 205·7 M1 365 × their p

So, 205 (days) A1 FT Accept 205 or 206, not 205·0 or 206·0 no approximation/
rounding stated
FT must be an integer value
22(a) 11.3 −10.1 M1 Using ± standardisation formula,
P(X > 11.3) = P( z > ) = P( z > 0 ⋅ 9231)
1.3 no σ or σ 2 , continuity correction

1 – 0.822 M1 Appropriate area Φ , from standardisation formula P(z>…) in

final solution

0·178 A1 0.1779…

(b) z = −0 ⋅ 674 B1 ±0.674 seen (critical value)

t − 10.1 M1 An equation using ±standardisation formula with a z-value,

= −0 ⋅ 674
1.3 condone σ or σ 2 , continuity correction.

t = 9·22 A1 AWRT. Only dependent on M1

(c) P(8.9 < X < 11.3) = 1 – 2 × their 3(a) B1 FT FT from their 3(a) < 0·5 or correct, accept unevaluated
≡ 2(1 – their 3(a)) – 1 probability
≡ 2(0·5 – their 3(a)) OE
=0.644

Number of days = 90 × 0·644 M1 90 × their p seen, 0 < p < 1

= 57·96

So 57 (days) A1 FT Accept 57 or 58, not 57·0 or 58·0, no approximation/rounding

stated
FT must be an integer value

Alternative method for question 3(c)

 8 ⋅ 9 −10 ⋅1 11.3 −10.1  B1 Accept unevaluated probability

P <z< 
 1⋅ 3 1⋅ 3 
= Φ ( 0 ⋅ 9231) − (1 − Φ ( 0 ⋅ 9231) ) oe
= 0·822 – (1 – 0·822)
= 0·644

Number of days = 90 × 0·644 M1 90 × their p seen, 0 < p < 1

= 57·96

So 57 (days) A1 FT Accept 57 or 58, not 57·0 or 58·0, no approximation/rounding

stated
FT must be an integer value
23(a)  56 − 62 66 − 62  M1 Using ± standardisation formula at least once, no σ or σ 2 ,
P(56 < X < 66) = P  <z< 
 5 5  allow continuity correction
= P( −1.2 < z < 0.8)

Φ ( 0.8) + Φ (1.2) − 1 M1 Appropriate area Φ , from standardisation formula in final

solution
= 0.7881 + 0.8849 – 1

0.673 A1

(b z = 1.127 B1 ±(1.126 – 1.127) seen, 4 sf or more

60t − 62
= 1.127
M1
z-value = ±
( 60t − 62 ) condone z-value = ±
( t − 62 )
5 5 5
60t = 5.635+62=67.635 no continuity correction, condone σ or σ 2

t = 1.13 A1 CAO

3
24(a) 0.657 + 7C1 0.656 0.351 + 7C2 0.655 0.352 M1 Binomial term of form 7Cx p x (1 − p )7−x , 0 < p < 1,
any p, x ≠ 0, 7

0.049022 + 0.184776 + 0.29848 A1 Correct unsimplified answer

0.532 A1

(b) Mean = 142 ×0.35 = 49.7 B1 Correct unsimplified np and npq (condone σ = 5.684 evaluated)
Variance = 142 × 0.35 × 0.65 = 32.305

40.5 − 49.7 M1 Substituting their µ and σ (no σ or σ 2 ) into ±standardisation

P(X > 40) = P( z > )
32.305 formula with a numerical value for '40.5'

P( z > −1.619) M1 Using either 40.5 or 39.5 within a ±standardisation formula

M1 Appropriate area Φ , from standardisation formula P(z >…) in

final solution, must be probability

0.947 A1 Correct final answer

25(a)   85 − 96   100 − 96   M1 Use of ±standardisation formula once with appropriate values

P < z <  substituted, no continuity correction, not σ2 or √σ.
  18   18  

P ( −0.6111 < z < 0.2222 ) M1 Appropriate area Φ, from final process, must be probability.
Use of (1 – z) implies M0.
= Φ ( 0.2222 ) + Φ ( 0.6111) − 1
= 0.5879 + 0.7294 − 1

0∙317 A1 Final answer which rounds to 0∙317.

3
 (b) z = ±1∙175 B1 1∙17 ⩽ z ⩽ 1∙18 or –1∙18 ⩽ z ⩽ –1∙17

t − 96 M1 An equation using ±standardisation formula with a z-value,

−1.175 = condone σ2, √σ or continuity correction.
18
E.g. equating to 0∙88, 0∙12, 0∙8106, 0∙1894, 0∙5478, 0∙4522,
±0∙175 or ±2∙175 implies M0.

74∙85 or 74∙9 A1 74∙85 ⩽ t ⩽ 74∙9

26(a)(i)  104 + 31  135 27 , 0∙3375 B1 Evaluated, exact value.

 400 =  400 , 80
 

(a)(ii) Method 1

180 135 31 M1 Their P(M) × their P(S) seen, accept unsimplified.

P(M ) = , 0∙45 P ( S ) = , 0∙3375 P ( M ∩ S ) = , 0∙0775
400 400 400
180 135 243 31
× = , 0.151875 ≠ so NOT independent
400 400 1600 400

A1 P(M), P(S) and P(M ∩ S) notation seen, numerical

comparison and correct conclusion, WWW.

Method 2

P(M ∩ S ) =
31
P(S ) =
135
P(M ) =
180 M1 their P ( M ∩ S )
[P ( M |S ) =] (oe) seen, accept unsimplified.
400 400 400 their P ( S )
31
31 180
P ( M |S ) = 400 = , 0.2296… ≠ so NOT independent
135 135 400
400

A1 P(M), P(S) and P(M ∩ S) notation seen, numerical

comparison and correct conclusion, WWW.

2
(b)(i) Method 1 [1 – P(0,1,2)]

= 1 – (10C0 0∙30 0∙710 + 10C1 0∙31 0∙79 M1 10

Cx px (1 – p)10-x for 0 < × < 10, 0 < p < 1, any p.
+ 10C2 0∙32 0∙78)

= 1 – (0∙028248 + 0∙121061 + 0∙233474) A1 Correct expression, accept unsimplified, condone omission of

final bracket, condone recovery from poor notation.

= 0∙617 A1 Accept 0∙61715 ⩽ p ⩽ 0∙61722, WWW.

Method 2 [P(3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10) =]
10
C3 0∙33 0∙77 + 10C4 0∙34 0∙76 + 10C5 0∙35 0∙75 M1 10
Cx px (1 – p)10–x for 0 < × < 10, 0 < p < 1, any p.
+ 10C6 0∙36 0∙74 + 10C7 0∙37 0∙73 + 10C8 0∙38 0∙72
+ 10C9 0∙39 0∙71 + 10C10 0∙310 0∙70 A1 Correct unsimplified expression.

= 0∙617 A1 Accept 0∙61715 ⩽ p ⩽ 0∙61722, WWW.

(b)(ii) [p = 0∙3] B1 Correct mean and variance, allow unsimplified.

Mean = 0∙3 × 90 = 27; Condone σ = 4∙347 evaluated.
variance = 0∙3 × 90 × 0∙7 = 18∙9

 31.5 − 27  M1 Substituting their μ and σ (not σ2, √σ) into the ±standardising
P(X < 32) = P  z <  formula with a numerical value for ‘31∙5’.
 18.9 
M1 Using either 31∙5 or 32∙5 within a ±standardising formula
with numerical values for their μ and σ (condone σ2, √σ).

= Φ(1.035) M1 Appropriate area Φ, from standardisation formula P(z<…) in

final solution, must be probability.

= 0∙850 A1 Allow 0∙8495 < p ⩽ 0∙85(0), final answer WWW.

5
 27    25.2 − ( 25.5 + 0.50 )   25.2 − ( 25.2 − 0.50 )    M1 Use of ± Standardisation formula once; no continuity
 P   < z<    correction, σ2, √ σ
   0.4   0.4   
 0.5 0.5 
= P − <z< 
 0.4 0.4 

 2Φ (1.25 ) − 1
= A1 For AWRT 0.8944 SOI
= 2 × 0.8944 − 1 M1 Appropriate area 2Φ – 1 OE, from final process, must be
probability

0.7888 A1 Accept AWRT 0.789

Number of rods = 0.7888 × 500 B1FT Correct or FT their 4SF (or better) probability, final
= 394 or 395 answer must be positive integer, not 394.0 or 395.0, no
approximation/rounding stated, only 1 answer

28(a) 1 – P(10, 11, 12) = 1 – (12C10 0.610 0.42 + 12C11 0.611 0.41 + 12C12 0.612 0.40) M1 One term: 12Cx px (1 – p)12-x for 0 < x < 12, any p allowed.
[= 1 – (0.063852 + 0.017414 + 0.0021768)]
A1 Correct unsimplified expression, or better.

[1 – 0.083443] = 0.917 A1 AWRT

Alternative method for Question 6(a)

P (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) = 12C00.60 0.412 + 12C1 0.61 0.411+ ………….12C9 0.69 M1 One term: 12Cx px (1 – p)12-x for 0 < x < 12, any p allowed.
0.43
[= 0.000016777 + 0.00030199 + 0.0024914 + 0.012457 + 0.042043 + A1 Correct unsimplified expression with at least the first
0.10090 + 0.17658 + 0.22703 + 0.21284 + 0.14189] two and last terms

0.917 A1 WWW, AWRT

3
(b) [Mean =] 0.6 × 150 [= 90]; B1 Correct mean and variance. Accept evaluated or
[Variance =] 0.6 × 150 × 0.4 [= 36] unsimplified

 80.5 − 90  M1 Substituting their mean and variance into

P ( X < 81) = P  Z <  ±standardisation formula (with a numerical value for
 6 
80.5), allow σ2, √ σ, but not µ ± 0.5

M1 Using continuity correction 80.5 or 81.5

Φ ( −1.5833) = 1 − 0.9433 M1 Appropriate area Φ, from final process, must be

probability

0.0567 A1 AWRT

(c) np = 90, nq = 60 both greater than 5 B1 At least nq evaluated and statement >5 required

29  72  B1 1.79 < z ⩽ 1.80, –1.80 ⩽ z < –1.79 seen

 P ( X > 1.1) = 2000 ( = 0.036 ) 
 
z = ±1.798

1.1−1.04 B1 1.1 and 1.04 substituted in ±standardisation formula, allow

= 1.798 continuity correction, not σ2 or √ σ
σ
 0.06  M1 Equate their ±standardisation formula to a z-value and to solve
 σ = 1.798
  for the appropriate area leading to final answer (expect σ < 0.5).
 0.06 
 Accept ± = z − value 
 σ 

σ = 0.0334 A1 0. 335 ≤ σ ≤ 0.0334. At least 3 3s.f.

4
30(a) [( 0.7 ) =] 0.343
3 B1 Evaluate WWW

Alternative method for Question 5(a)

[(0.15)3 + 3C1(0.15)2(0.55) + 3C2(0.15)(0.55)2 + (0.55)3 =] 0.343 B1 Evaluated WWW

(b) 1 – (0.859 + 9C1 0.151 0.858 + 9C2 0.152 0.857) M1 On term: 9Cx px (1 – p)9-x for 0 < x < 9, any 0 < p < 1
[1 – (0.231617 + 0.367862 + 0.259667)]
A1 Correct expression, accept unsimplified.

0.141 A1 0.1408 ⩽ ans ⩽ 0.141, award at most accurate value.

Alternative method for Question 5(b)

9
C3 0.153 0.856 + 9C4 0.154 0.855 + 9C5 0.155 0.854 + 9C6 0.156 0.853 + M1 On term: 9Cx px (1 – p)9-x for 0 < x < 9, any 0 < p < 1
9
C7 0.157 0.852 + 9C8 0.158 0.85 + 0.159
A1 Correct expression, accept unsimplified.

0.141 A1 0.1408 ⩽ ans ⩽ 0.141, award at most accurate value.

(c) Mean = [ 60 × 0.15 =] 9 B1 Correct mean and variance, allow unsimplified.

(2.765 ≤ σ ≤ 2.77 imply correct variance)
Variance = [ 60 × 0.15 × 0.85 = ] 7.65

 11.5 − 9  M1 Substituting their mean and variance into ±standardisation

( X ≥ 12 ) =  P  Z >  formula (any number for 11.5), not σ2 or √ σ
 7.65 
M1 Using continuity correction 11.5 or 12.5 in their standardisation
formula.

1 − Φ ( 0.9039 ) = 1− 0.8169 M1 Appropriate area Φ, from final process, must be probability.

0.183 A1 Final AWRT

5
31(a) 4−μ B1 1.378 ⩽ z1 ≤ 1.379 or –1.379 ⩽ z1 ⩽ –1.378
z1 = = −1.378
δ

10 − μ B1 0.841 ⩽ z2 ⩽ 0.842 or –0.842 ⩽ z2 ⩽ –0.841

z2 = = 0.842
σ
Solve to find at least one unknown: M1 Use of ±standardisation formula once with µ, σ, a
4−μ z-value and 4 or 10, allow continuity correction, not σ2
= −1.378
σ or σ
10 − μ
= 0.842 M1 Use either the elimination method or the substitution
σ
method to solve two equations in µ and σ .

σ = 2.70 μ = 7.72 A1 2.70  σ  2.71 7.72  μ  7.73

(b) Φ(2) − Φ (−2) = 2Φ ( 2 ) −1 M1 Identifying 2 and –2 as the appropriate z-values

2 × their 0.9772 −1 B1 Calculating the appropriate area from stated phis of

z-values which must be ± the same number

0.9544 or 0.9545 A1 Accept AWRT 0.954

0.9544 × 800 = 763.52 B1 FT FT their 4SF (or better) probability, final answer must
763 or 764 be positive integer

4
32(a)(i) 40 1 B1
or or 0.05
800 20

(a)(ii) 177 M1 Their 223 + 177 + 40 seen as denominator of fraction

223 + 177 + 40 in the final answer, accept unsimplified

177 A1 CAO
or 0.402
440

Alternative method for Question 7(a)(ii)

177 177 177 M1 Their P(S) seen as denominator of fraction in the final
P (G ∩ S ) 800 answer, accept unsimplified
P ( G | S) = = = 800 = 800
P(S ) 223 +177 + 40 440 11
or 0.55
800 800 20

177 A1 CAO
or 0.402
440

(b)(i) P(0, 1, 2) = M1 One term:10Cx px (1 – p)10–x for 0 < x < 10, any 0<p<1
C0 ( 0.35 ) ( 0.65) + 10C1 ( 0.35 ) ( 0.65) + 10C2 ( 0.35 ) ( 0.65)
10 0 10 1 9 2 8

0.013463 + 0.072492 + 0.17565 A1 Correct unsimplified expression, or better

0.262 A1

(b)(ii) Mean = 120 × 0.35 [ = 42 ] B1 Correct mean and variance seen, allow unsimplified
Variance = 120 × 0.35 × 0.65 [ = 27.3]

32.5 − 42 M1 Substituting their mean and variance into

P(X >32) = P( Z > ) = P(Z > - 1.818) ±standardisation formula (any number), condone σ2 or
27.3
√σ

M1 Using continuity correction 31.5 or 32.5

Φ (1.818 ) M1 Appropriate area Φ, from final process, must be

probability

0.966 A1 0.965 ⩽ p ⩽ 0.966

33(a)(i)  142 −125  M1 Substitution of correct values into the ±Standardisation
P(X > 142) = P  Z >  formula, allow continuity correction, not σ2, √σ.
 24 

[= P( Z > 0.7083) =]1 − 0.7604 M1 Appropriate numerical area Φ, from final process, must
be probability, expect p < 0.5.

0.2396 A1 0.239 ⩽ p ⩽ 0.240 to at least 3sf.

Their 0.2396 × 365 [= 87.454] M1 their 4sf (or better) probability.

87 or 88 A1 FT Final answer must be positive integer, no indication of

approximation/rounding, only dependent on previous M
mark.
SC B1 FT for their 3sf probability × 365 = integer value,
condone 0.24 used.

(a)(ii) P(0, 1) = 0.760410 + 10C1 × 0.23961 × 0.76049 M1 One term: 10Cx px (1 – p)10–x for 0 < x < 10, any p.
[= 0.064628 + 0.20364]
A1 FT Correct unsimplified expression using their probability to
at least 3sf from (a)(i) or correct.

0.268 A1 AWRT, WWW.

(b) z = ±1.282 B1 Correct value only, critical value.

t − 125 M1 Use of ± Standardisation formula with correct values

= −1.282 substituted, allow continuity correction, σ2, √ σ, to form
24
an equation with a z-value and not probability.

t = 94.2 A1 AWRT, condone AWRT 94.3. Not dependent on B mark.

3
34(a)  28.6 − 32.2  M1 28.6, 32.2 and 9.6 substituted appropriately in ± Standardisation
 ( X > 28.6 ) =  P  Z >
P
9.6
 formula once, allow continuity correction of ± 0.05, no σ2, √σ.
 
 = P ( Z > −0.375) 

[Φ ( their 0.375 ) = ] their 0.6462 M1 Appropriate numerical area, from final process, must be probability,
expect > 0.5.

0.646 A1 AWRT

(b) z = ±0.842 B1 0.841 < z ⩽ 0.842 or -0.842 ⩽ z < –0.841 seen.

t − 32.2 M1 Substituting 32.2 and 9.6 into ± standardisation formula, no continuity

= 0.842 correction, allow σ2, √σ, must be equated to a z-value.
9.6

t = 40.3 A1 40.28 ⩽ t ⩽ 40.3 WWW

(c)  15 15  M1 15 15
P − <Z <  Identifying at least one of and − as the appropriate z-values
 9.6 9.6  9.6 9.6
P (−1.5625 < Z < 1.5625) or substituting their (32.2 ± 15) into ± Standardisation formula once, no
continuity correction, σ2 nor √σ.
Condone ±1.563 for M1.

15 A1 p = 0.941 AWRT SOI

[2 Φ( )–1]
9.6
= 2 × 0.9409 – 1 M1 Appropriate area 2Φ – 1 oe, (eg 1 – 2 × 0.0591,
2 × (0.9409 – 0.5) or 0.9409 – 0.0591), from final process, must be
probability > 0.5.

0.882 A1

4
35(a)  43.2 − 41.2  M1 Use of ±Standardisation formula once, allow continuity
P ( X > 43.2 ) = P  Z >  = P (Z > 0.5556) correction, not σ2, √ σ.
 3.6 

1 – Φ ( 0.5556 ) = 1 − 0.7108 M1 Appropriate area Φ, from final process, must be

probability.

0.289 A1 AWRT

(b) Probability = 1 – their (a) = 1 – 0.2892 = 0.7108 B1FT 1 – their (a) or correct.

0.7108 × 365 = 259.4 B1FT FT their 4SF (or better) probability, final answer must be
259, 260 positive integer.

(c) z = ±1.645 B1 CAO, critical z value.

t − 41.2 M1 Use of ±standardisation formula with µ, σ equated to a

= −1.645 z-value, no continuity correction, allow σ2, √ σ.
3.6

t = 35.3 A1

3
36(a)  46 − 55 62 − 55  M1 46 or 62, 55 and 6 substituted into ±standardisation formula
P( 46 < X < 62) = P  <Z <  once. Condone 62 and continuity correction ±0.5
 6 6 

 7 B1 Both standardisation values correct, accept unsimplified

= P  −1.5 < Z < 
 6

 7  M1 Calculating the appropriate area from stated Φs of z-values,

 =Φ  6  − (1 − Φ (1.5 ) )  must be probabilities.
   
= 0.8784 + ( 0.9332 −1)

0.812 A1 0∙8115 < p ⩽ 0∙812

(b) z = ±0.674 B1 CAO, critical z-value

36 − 42 M1 36 and 42 substituted in ±standardisation formula, no

= −0.674 continuity correction, not σ2, √ σ, equated to a z-value
σ

σ = 8.9 [ 0] A1 WWW. Only dependent on M.

(c) P(male < 46) = 1−their 0.9332 = 0.0668 M1 FT value from part (a) or
 46 − 55  2
Correct: 1− Φ   ,condone continuity correction, σ ,
 6 
√ σ, and probability found.
Condone unsupported correct value stated.

46 − 42 M1 46, 42 and their 4(b) σ (or correct σ) substituted in

P(female < 46) = P( Z < ) = Φ ( 0.449 ) 
their 8.90  ±standardisation formula, condone continuity correction, σ2,
= 0.6732 √ σ, and probability found
4
Condone .
their 8.90

P(both) = 0.0668 ×0.6732 M1 Product of their 2 probabilities (0 < both < 1)

Not 0.25 or their final answer to 4(a) used.

0.0450 or 0.0449 A1 0∙0449 ⩽ p ⩽ 0∙0450

4
37(a) 6  5.2 M1 6, 5.2, 1.5 substituted into ± standardisation
P(X < 6) = P(Z < )  P(Z  0.5333) formula, condone 1.52, continuity correction 0.5
1.5

0.703 A1

(b) 3  B1 1.328 < z1 ⩽ 1.329 or

z1   1.329 −1.329 ⩽ z1 < −1.328

8
z2   0.878 B1 0.877 < z2 ⩽ 0.878 or
 −0.878 ⩽ z2 < −0.877

Solve to find at least one unknown: M1 Use of the ± standardisation formula once with μ,
3  σ, a z-value (not 0.8179, 0.7910, 0.5367, 0.5753,
 1.329 0.19, 0.092 etc.) and 3 or 8, condone continuity

8  correction but not σ2 or √σ
 0.878
 M1 Use either the elimination method or the
substitution method to solve their two equations in
μ and σ

  2.27,   6.01 A1 2.26 ⩽ σ ⩽ 2.27, 6.01 ⩽ μ ⩽ 6.02

5
(c)
(5c) Z < −1) + P(Z >1)] Φ(1) – Φ(−1) = M1 Identify 1 and –1 as the appropriate z-values.
= 2 – 2 Φ 1
M1 Calculating the appropriate area from stated phis of
= 2 – 2  0.8413 z-values which must be ± the same number

0.3174 A1 Accept AWRT 0.317

Number of leaves: 2000  0.3174 = 634.8 so 634 or 635 B1 FT FT their 4 s.f. (or better) probability, final answer
must be positive integer no approximation or
rounding stated

4
38(a) 1.98  2.02 2.03  2.02 M1 Use of ±standardisation formula once with 2.02, 0.03 and either
[P(1.98 < X < 2.03) = ]P( z ) 1.98 or 2.03 substituted appropriately.
0.03 0.03
[= P( 1.333  z  0.333) ] Condone 0.032 and continuity correction ±0.005, not √0.03.

[= Φ  0.333  1  Φ 1.333  ] M1 Calculating the appropriate probability area from their z-values.
(or 0.6304 – 0.09121 or (0.9087 – 0.5) + (0.6304 – 0.5) etc)
= 0.6304 + 0.9087 – 1

0.539 A1 0.539 ⩽ z < 0.5395

Only dependent upon 2nd M mark.
If M0 scored SC B1 for 0.539 ⩽ z < 0.5395.

(b) 134 B1 4866 2433

[P(X > 2.6) =  0.0268 ] 0.9732 or or seen.
5000 5000 2500
[P(X<2.6) = 1 – 0.0268 =] 0.9732

2.6  2.55 M1 Use of ±standardisation formula with 2.6 and 2.55 substituted,
 1.93
 no  2 ,  or continuity correction.

M1 Their standardisation formula with values substituted equated to

z-value which rounds to ±1.93.

  0.0259 A1 5
AWRT 0.0259 or .
193
If M0 earned, SC B1 for correct final answer.

4
39(a) [P(10, 11, 12) =] M1 One term 12Cx p x 1 p 
12x
, for 0 < x < 12, 0 < p < 1.
12
C10 0.7210 0.282 + 12
C11 0.7211 0.281 + 12
C12 0.7212 0.280

= 0.193725 + 0.0905726 + 0.0194084 A1 Correct expression, accept unsimplified, no terms omitted,

leading to final answer.

0.304 B1 Final answer 0.3036 < p ⩽ 0.304.

Alternative method for question 5(a)

[1 – P(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) =] M1 One term 12Cx p x 1 p 

12x
, for 0 < x < 12, 0 < p < 1.
1 – (12C0 0.720 0.2812 + 12C1 0.721 0.2811 + 12C2 0.72 2 0.2810 +
12
C3 0.723 0.289 + 12C4 0.72 4 0.288 + 12C5 0.725 0.287 + A1 Correct expression, accept unsimplified, no terms omitted,
12
C6 0.726 0.286 + 12C7 0.727 0.285 + 12C8 0.728 0.284 + leading to final answer.
12
C9 0.729 0.283 )

0.304 B1 Final answer 0.3036 < p ⩽ 0.304.

(b) Mean = [ 0.52  90  46.8, var  0.52  0.48  90]  22.464 B1 46.8 and 22.464 or 22.46 seen, allow unsimplified,
(4.739 < σ ⩽ 4.740 imply correct variance).

 39.5  46.8  M1 Substituting their mean and their variance into ±standardisation
[P(X < 40) =] P  z   formula (any number for 39.5), not σ2, √ σ.
 22.464 
M1 Using continuity correction 39.5 or 40.5 in their standardisation
formula.

= [P( Z  1.540)]  1  0. 9382 M1 Appropriate area Φ, from final process, must be probability.

0.0618 A1 0.06175 ⩽ p ⩽ 0.0618

5
40(a)  142  170 205 170  M1 Use of ± standardisation formula once substituting
[P(142 < X < 205)] = P  z  170, 25 and either 142 or 205 appropriately..
 25 25 
Condone 252 and continuity correction ±0.5.

P( 1.12  z  1.4) A1 Both correct. Accept unsimplified.

Φ 1.4   (1  Φ 1.12  ) = 0.9192 + 0.8686 – 1 M1 Calculating the appropriate area from stated phis of
z-values.

0.788 A1 AWRT, not from wrong working

(b) P(X > 205) = 1 – 0.9192 = 0.0808 B1 FT Correct or FT from part 5(a).

 0.0808  0.30  their 0.788 0.24   20 000 M1 Correct or

their 0.0808 × 0.30 × k + their 0.788 × 0.24 × k,
k positive integer.

[$]4266.24 A1 4265 < income ⩽ 4270, not from wrong working

(c) w  182 B1 0.5828 ⩽ z ⩽ 0.583 or -0.583 ⩽ z ⩽ –0.5828 seen.

[P( Z  )  0.72 ]
20
w  182 M1 182 and 20 substituted in ± standardisation
 0.583 formula, no continuity correction, not σ2, √ σ,
20
equated to a z-value.

w 170 A1 170 ⩽ w < 170.35

3
41(a) [P(3, 4, …7) = 1 – P(0, 1, 2, 8)] M1 One term 8Cx p x (1 − p )8− x , for 0 < x < 8, 0 < p < 1
= 1 − ( 8C0 0.480 0.528 + 8C1 0.481 0.527
+ 8C2 0.482 0.526 + 8C8 0.488 0.520 )

= 1 – (0.00534597 + 0.039478 + 0.127544 + 0.0028179) A1 Correct expression, accept unsimplified, no terms omitted, leading
to final answer.

0.825 B1 Mark the final answer at the most accurate value.

0.8248 < p ⩽ 0.825 WWW.

Alternative method for Question 2(a)

[P(3, 4, 5, 6, 7) =] M1 One term 8Cx p x (1 − p )8− x , for 0<x<8, 0<p<1

8
C3 0.483 0.525 + 8C4 0.484 0.524 + 8C5 0.485 0.523 + 8C6
0.486 0.522 + 8C7 0.487 0.521

A1 Correct expression, accept unsimplified, no terms omitted, leading

to final answer.

0.825 B1 Final answer 0.8248 < p ⩽ 0.825 WWW.

3
(b) [Mean = 0.52 125 =]65, B1 65 and 31.2 seen, allow unsimplified. May be seen in
 var = 0.52  0.48  125 = 31.2 standardisation formula.
(5.585 < σ ⩽ 5.586 imply correct variance).

72.5 − 65 M1 Substituting their 65 and their 31.2 into ±standardisation

[P(X > 72) = ]P( Z  ) [= P( Z  1.343 )]
31.2 formula (any number for 72∙5), not their 31.2, √ their 5.586 .

M1 Using continuity correction 72∙5 or 71∙5 in their standardisation

formula .
7.5 7.5
Note or seen gains M2 BOD
31.2 5.586

= 1 – 0.9104 M1 Appropriate area Φ, from final process, must be probability.

0.0896 A1 0.0896 ⩽ p ⩽ 0.0897 WWW.

5
42(a) 132 − 125.4 M1 Use of ±standardisation formula with 132 and 125.4 substituted,
P(X<132) = P( Z  ) = P( Z  0.3548)
18.6 condone continuity correction 132±0.5 and use of 18.62, 18.6

0.639 A1 0.6385 < p ⩽ 0.639

If M0 scored, SC B1 for 0.6385 < p ⩽ 0.639

(b) 108 − 117 B1 1.1749 < z ⩽ 1.175 or – 1.175 ⩽ z < −1.1749

= −1.175

M1 108 and 117 substituted in ±standardisation formula, no continuity
correction, not σ2, √ σ, equated to a z-value.

 = 7.66 A1 7.659 ⩽ σ ⩽ 7.66

If M0 scored, SC B1 for 7.659 ⩽ σ ⩽ 7.66

(c) P( −1.5  Z  1.5) M1 {Both 1.5 and –1.5 seen as z-values

[Φ(1.5) – Φ(−1.5)] or appropriate use of 1.5 or −1.5}
[= 2Φ (1.5 ) − 1 ] and {no other z-values in part}.
= 2  their 0.9332 −1 M1 Calculating the appropriate area from stated phis of z-values
or their 0.9332 − (1 − their 0.9332 ) which must be ± the same number.
or 2  ( their 0.9332 − 0.5 ) Condone their 0.0668 as (1 – their 0.9332).

0.8664 A1 Accept answers wrt 0.866

If A0 scored SC B1 for answers wrt 0.866

0.86643 = 0.65036 B1 FT FT their 4SF (or better) probability, accept final answers to 3SF.

4
43(a) 54.8 − 55.6 M1 Use of ± standardisation formula, with 54.8, 55.6 and 1.2
[P(X<54.8)] = P( Z  )
1.2 substituted. condone 1.22 , 1.2 or continuity correction of 54.75 or
54.85

[= P( Z  −0.6667)] = 1 − 0.7477 M1 Appropriate area Φ, from final process, must be probability.

= 0.2523 A1 0.252 ⩽ p ⩽ 0.2525

If A0 scored S CB1 for 0.252 ⩽ p ⩽ 0.2525

[Expected number =] 400  0.2523 = 100.92 B1 FT FT their 4SF (or better) probability from a normal calculation.
100 or 101 Must be a single integer answer.

(b) 1 1 M1 {Both ½ and –½ seen as z-values

[P( −  Z  ) = Φ(½ ) – Φ(−½) =] or appropriate use of +½ or −½}
2 2
and {no other z-values in part}.
1
2Φ   − 1 56.2 − 55.6 55.0 − 55.6
2 Condone and seen as z-values.
1.2 1.2
= 2  their 0.6915 −1
or their 0.6915 − (1 − their 0.6915 ) M1 Calculating the appropriate area from stated phis of z-values which
or 2  ( 0.6915 − 0.5 ) must be ± the same number.

0.383 A1 0.3829 ⩽ z ⩽ 0.383

If A0 scored SC B1 for 0.3829 ⩽ z ⩽ 0.383

3
44(a) [1 – P(10, 11, 12) =] M1 One term 12Cx p x (1 − p )12− x , for 0 < x < 12, 0 < p < 1
1 − ( 12C10 0.910 0.12 + 12C11 0.911 0.11 + 12C12 0.912 0.10 )
= 1 – (0.230128 + 0.376573 + 0.282430) A1 Correct expression, accept unsimplified, no terms omitted, leading
to final answer.

0.111 B1 Mark the final answer at the most accurate value,

0.1108 < p ⩽ 0.111 WWW.

Alternative method for Question 6(a)

[P(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) =] M1 One term 12Cx p x (1 − p )12− x , for 0 < x < 12, 0 < p < 1
12
C0 0.90 0.112 +12C1 0.91 0.111 +12C2 0.92 0.110 +12C3 0.93 0.19
+12C4 0.94 0.18 +12C5 0.95 0.17 +12C6 0.96 0.16 +12C7 0.97 0.15 +12C8 A1 Correct expression, accept unsimplified, no terms omitted, leading
0.98 0.14 +12C9 0.99 0.13 ) to final answer. If answer correct condone omission of any 7 of the
8 middle terms.

0.111 B1 Final answer 0.1108 < p ⩽ 0.111 WWW.

(b) [Mean = 80  0.9 =] 72, B1 72 and 7.2 seen, allow unsimplified.

 Variance = 80  0.9  0.1 = 7.2 May be seen in standardisation formula.
(2.683 ⩽ σ < 2.684 imply correct variance).

69.5 − 72 M1 Substituting their mean and their variance into ±standardisation

P(X > 69) = P( Z  )
7.2 formula (any number for 69∙5), not their 7.2, not √their 2.683

M1 Using continuity correction 69∙5 or 68∙5 in their standardisation

formula.

[= P( Z  −0.9317) =] M1 Appropriate area Φ, from final process, must be probability.

Φ ( 0.9317 )

0.824 A1 0.8239 ⩽ p ⩽ 0.8243 WWW.

(c) np = 72, nq = 8 Both greater than 5, [so approximation is valid] B1 np, nq evaluated accurately.
both np & nq referenced correctly.
> 5 or greater than 5 seen.

1
 45 Mean = 80  0.32 = 25.6, B1 25.6 and 17.4[08] seen, allow unsimplified.
var = 800.320.68 =17.408 4.172… implies correct variance.

19.5 − 25.6 M1 Substituting their 25.6 and 17.408 into ±standardisation

P(X < 20) = P( Z  ) = P( Z  −1.462) formula (any number for 19∙5), not σ2, √ σ.
17.408
M1 Using continuity correction 19∙5 or 20∙5 in their
standardisation formula.

= [1 − Φ (1.462)] = 1 – 0.9282 M1 Appropriate area Φ, from final process, must be probability.

(Expect final ans < 0∙5 ).
Note: the correct final answer may imply M1 from use of
calculator.

0.0718 A1 0.0718 ⩽ p ⩽0.0719

46(a) [P(0, 1, 2) =] 10C0 0.10 0.910 + 10C1 0.11 0.99 + 10C2 0.12 0.98 M1 One term 10Cx p x (1 − p )10− x , 0  p  1, x  0

= 0.348678+0.38742+0.19371 A1 Correct expression, accept unsimplified.

0.930 B1 0.9298 ⩽ p ⩽ 0.9303

Alternative method for Question 5(a)

[1 – P(3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) = 1 – (10C3 0.97 0.13 +10C4 0.96 0.14 +10C5 M1 One term 10Cx p x (1 − p )10− x ,
0.95 0.15 +10C6 0.94 0.16 +10C7 0.93 0.17 +10C8 0.92 0.18 +10C9 0.91 0.19 0  p 1, x  0
+10C10 0.90 0.110 )

A1 Correct expression, accept unsimplified.

0.930 B1 0.9298 ⩽ p ⩽ 0.9303

(b) 1.11 − 1.04 M1 1.11, 1.04 and 0.06 substituted into ±Standardisation
[P(X > 1.11) = ]P( Z  ) = P( Z  1.167) formula, no continuity correction not 0.062 or √0.06
0.06

= 1 – 0.8784 M1 1 – their 0.8784 as final answer, must be probability. (Expect

final ans < 0∙5 ).

0.122 A1 0.1216 ⩽ p ⩽ 0.122

SC M0 M1 B1 for 0.122 with no standardisation formula.

3
46(c) w − 1.04 B1 0.8775 < z ⩽ 0.878 or −0.878 ⩽ z < −0.8775 seen.
[P(X < w) = P( Z  ) = 0.81]
0.06
w −1.04 M1 1.04 and 0.06 substituted in ±standardisation formula, no
= 0.878 continuity correction, not σ2, √ σ, equated to a z-value.
0.06

w = 1.09 A1 1.09 ⩽ w ⩽ 1.093

3
47(a)  74 − 62.3  M1 Use of ± standardisation formula with 74, 62.3 and 8.4
[P(X < 74) =] P  Z   = P ( Z  1.393)
8.4  
2
 substituted appropriately, not 8.4 , not √8.4, no continuity
correction.

= 0.918 A1 0.918 ⩽ p ⩽ 0.9185 .

(b)  50 − 62.3 74 − 62.3  M1 Use of ± standardisation formula with both 74 (may be seen in
[P ( 50  X  74) = P]  Z   6(a) if their value seen) & 50, 62.3 and 8.4 substituted
 8.4 8.4  appropriately.
[P (−1.464  Z  1.393)]
Condone use of 8.42 , 8.4 and continuity correction ±0.5
(73.5 or 74.5 and 49.5 or 50.5).

[Φ (1.464) + Φ (1.393) −1 ] M1 Calculating the appropriate probability area from stated Φ of

z-values (leading to their final answer > 0.5) but not
0.9285 + 0.9182 – 1
symmetrical values.

= 0.847 A1 0.8465 ⩽ p < 0.8475 .

SC B1 for 0.8465 ⩽ p < 0.8475 if M0A0 awarded.

( 0.8467 ) B1 FT Accept 0.513 ⩽ p ⩽ 0.514 .

4
= 0.514
FT (their 4-figure p)4, 0 < p < 1.

(c) 36 −  B1 −0.740 < z1 < −0.738 or 0.738 < z1 < 0.740 .

z1 = = −0.739
 B1 z2 = ±1.282 (critical value).
54 − 
z2 = = 1.282
 M1 Use of the ±standardisation formula once with μ, σ and a z-
value (not 0.23, 0.77, 0.90, 0.10, ±0.261, ±0.282…). Condone
continuity correction ±0.5, not  2 ,  .

Solve, obtaining values for  and σ M1 Solve using the elimination method, substitution method or
 = 42.6,  = 8.91 other appropriate approach to obtain values for both μ and σ.

A1 42.58 ⩽ µ ⩽ 42.6,
8.90 ⩽ σ ⩽ 8.91 .

5
48(a) 20 14.6 M1 Use of ± standardisation formula with 20, 14.6 and 5.2 not
P( Z  )  P(Z  1.03846)
5.2  2 , not  , no continuity correction.

1 – 0.8504 M1 Calculating the appropriate probability area (leading to

their final answer).

0.150 A1 0.1496, 0.149 < p ⩽ 0.15[0] .

Only dependent on the 2nd M mark so M0M1A1 possible.
SC B1 for 0.149 < p ⩽ 0.15[0] if M0M0A0 awarded.

[250  their 0.1496 =] 37, 38 B1 FT Strict FT their at least 4-figure probability seen anywhere
(give BOD if they go on to use 0.150).
Final answer must be positive integer, no approximation
or rounding stated.

(b) 14.5   B1 −0.843 < z1 < −0.841 or 0.841 < z1 < 0.843 .
z1 =  0.842

B1 −0.441 < z2 < −0.439 or 0.439 < z2 < 0.441 .
18.5  
z2 =  0.44
 M1 Use of the ±standardisation formula once with μ, σ and a
z-value (not 0.20, 0.80, 0.67, 0.23, 0.5793, 0.7881, 0.7486,
0.591 or 1 - z i.e. 0.158 etc.). Condone continuity
correction ±0.05, not  2 ,  .

Solve, obtaining values for  and σ . M1 Solve using the elimination method, substitution method
or other appropriate approach to obtain values for both μ
  22.9,   9.95 and σ.

A1 AWRT 22.9, 9.95 .

5
49(a) 3 1
3 M1 3 1
3
[P(X = 3) =]     4     q ; q a positive integer (1 may be implied).
4 4 4 4

3 A1 AG.

64

(b) B1 27
x 0 1 2 3 4 Either P(1) = , 0.421875
64
81 27 27 3 1 27
P(X = x) or P(2) = , 0.2109375 correct to at least 3SF.
256 64 128 64 256 128
Condone not in table.

B1 FT Both values in table.

81
FT P(1) + P(2) = , 0.6328125 .
128

(c) 81 27 27 12 1 M1 Correct method from their probability distribution table

[E(X) =] [ 0  ] 1 their  2  their  3  4 with at least 4 terms, 0  their P(x)  1, accept partially
256 64 128 256 256
evaluated.

27 54 36 4
= 0   
64 128 256 256

=1 A1

2
(d) 67 B1 1
Mean = 96   25.125 25.125, 25 and 18.5493… to at least 3SF seen, allow
256 8
67 189 unsimplified (4.3068 ⩽ σ ⩽ 4.307 implies correct
Var = 96   18.549 variance).
256 256

19.5  25.125 M1 Substituting their µ and σ into ± standardisation formula

P(X < 20) = P( Z  )
18.549 (any number for 19.5). Condone  2 and  .

M1 Using continuity correction 19.5 or 20.5 in their

standardisation formula.
5.625
Note: seen gains M2 BOD.
18.549

[= P(Z  1.306) = 1 – Φ (1.306)=] 1 – 0.9042 = M1 Appropriate area Φ, from final process. Must be a
probability.

0.0958 A1 0.0957 ⩽ p ⩽ 0.0958 .

SC B1 for 0.0957 ⩽ p ⩽ 0.0958 if B1M0M0M1 scored.

5
50(a) 15.4  16.5 16.8 16.5 M1 Use of ± standardisation formula once with 16.5, 0.6 and
[P(15.4 < X < 16.8 ) =] P( Z  ) either 15.4 or 16.8 substituted.
0.6 0.6
[= P( 1.833  Z  0.5) ]

[= Φ  0.5   Φ 1.833 1  ] M1 Calculating the appropriate probability area (leading to

0.6915  0.9666 – 1 their final answer, expect > 0.5).
0.6915 – (1 – 0.9666)
or
(0.6915 – 0.5) + (0.9666 – 0.5) OE are alternatives.

= 0.658 A1 0.658 ≤ p < 0.6585 .

If A0 scored, SC B1 for 0.658 ⩽ p < 0.6585 .

[Expected number =] 0.6581  150 B1 FT FT their 4SF (or better) probability from a normal
= 98, 99 calculation.
Must be a positive single integer answer.
No approximation notation.

(b)   17.1 18.4   B1 0.5825 < z ⩽ 0.583 or – 0.583 ⩽ z < – 0.5825 seen.
P  Z     0.72 
    M1 Use of the ± standardisation formula with 17.1, 18.4, σ
17.1  18.4 and a z-value (not 0.28, 0.72, 0.4175, 0.2358, 0.7642,
 0.583
 0.6103, 0.3897, …).
Condone continuity correct ± 0.05, not  2 ,  .

  2.23 A1 AWRT

3
(c) [Mean = 120  0.72 =] 86.4 B1 2 24
86.4, 84 and 24 , 24.192 to at least 3SF seen, allow
[Var = 120  0.72  0.28 =] 24.192 5 125
unsimplified.
May be seen in standardisation formula.
(4.918 ⩽ σ ⩽ 4.919 implies correct variance)
Incorrect notation is penalised.

79.5  86.4 M1 Substituting their mean (not 18.4) and their positive
P(X < 80) = P( Z  ) 4.9185 into ± standardisation formula (any number for
24.192
79.5), condone their 4.9182 and √their 4.918 .

M1 Using continuity correction 79.5 or 80.5 in their

standardisation formula.

[P( Z  1. 4029) = 1− Φ 1.403 ] M1 Appropriate area Φ, from final process, must be a
probability. Expect final answer < 0.5 .
1 − 0.9196
Note: correct final answer implies this M1.

0.0804 A1 0.0803 ⩽ p ⩽ 0.0804

51 Mean = 120  0.4  48 B1 4

Var = 120  0.4  0.6  28.8 48 and 28 , 28.8 seen, allow unsimplified.
5
12 5
(5.366 ⩽ σ ⩽ 5.367 or implies correct variance).
5

35.5  48 54.5  48 M1 Substituting their µ and σ into one ±standardisation formula (any
P( 36  X  54 ) = P( Z ) number for 35.5 or 54.5), condone σ2 and √σ.
28.8 28.8
M1 Using continuity correction 35.5, 36.5 or 53.5, 54.5 once in their
standardisation formula.
12.5 6.5
Note: or seen gains M2 BOD.
28.8 28.8

[= P( 2.3292  Z  1.211) =] 0.8871 + 0.9900 – 1 M1 Appropriate area Φ, from final process. Must be a probability.
Expect final answer > 0.5 .
Note: correct final answer implies this M1.

= 0.877 A1 0.877 ≤ p < 0.8772 .

5
52(a)   16  28   B1 ±1.282 seen, cao – critical value.
 P  X  16   P  Z     0.1
    M1 Use of the ±standardisation formula with 16, 28, σ and a z-value
16  28 (not 0.1, 0.9, 0.282, 0.5398, 0.8159) equated to a z-value.
 1.282
 Condone continuity correct ±0.5, not  2 ,  .
12
Condone   1.282 .


  9.36 A1

(b) [1 − P(0, 1, 2) =] 1 – (12C0(0.1)0 (0.9)12 + 12C1 (0.1)1 (0.9)11 + 12C2 M1 One term 12Cx  p  x 1  p 12 x , 0  p  1. x  0,1,2 .
(0.1)2 (0.9)10 )
[1 – (0.2824 + 0.3766 + 0.2301)]
A1 Correct expression, accept unsimplified, no terms omitted leading
to final answer.

0.111 B1 0.1108699… rounded to at least 3SF.

Alternative Method for Question 6(b)

P(3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12) = 12C3 (0.1)3 (0.9)9 + 12C4 (0.1)4 (0.9)8+ M1 One term 12Cx  p  x 1  p 12 x , 0  p  1. x  0,1,2 .
… + 12C11 (0.1)11 (0.9)1 + 12C12 (0.1)12 (0.9)0
[0.08523 + 0.02131 + … + 1.08×10-10 + 1×10-12]
A1 Correct expression, accept unsimplified, no terms omitted leading
to final answer.

0.111 B1 0.1108699… rounded to at least 3SF.

(c) [P( 1.3  Z  1.3 ) B1 Identifying at least one of −1.3 or 1.3 as the appropriate z-values.
= 2 Φ(1.3) – 1 ]
= 2 × 0.9032 – 1 M1 Calculating the appropriate probability area from 2 symmetrical
z-values (leading to their final answer, expect > 0.5).

504 A1 0.8064, 0.806 ⩽ p < 0.8065 .

= 0.806,
625

[In 365 days 0.8064365 ] B1 FT Strict FT their at least 4-figure probability (not z-value).
= 294 or 295 Final answer must be positive integer, no approximation or
rounding stated.

4
53(a) 76 − 80.5 M1 Use of ± standardisation formula with 76, 80.5 and 6.6, condone
[P(X < 76) =] P( Z  )
6.6 6.62 or 6.6, no continuity correction.

[= Φ(−0.6818) = 1 −Φ(0.6818) = ] M1 Calculating the appropriate probability area (leading to their final
answer).
1 – 0.7524 = 0.2476

24.8% A1 24.75% < ans ⩽ 24.8% (percentage value required).

If A0 scored, SC B1 for 24.75% < ans ⩽ 24.8% www.

(b) [% of large eggs = 100 – 40 – 24.76 = 35.24] B1 0.378 ⩽ z < 0.3791 or −0.3791 < z ⩽ −0.378 seen.
x − 80.5
[P(Z > ) = 0.40 + 0.2476 = 0.6476] M1 Use of ± standardisation formula with x, 80.5, 6.6 and a z-value (no
6.6
x − 80.5 0.6476, 0.3524, 0.4, 0.2476) (treat ±0.38 as a z-value), not 6.62 , no
= 0.378
6.6 6.6 , no continuity correction.

x = 83.0 A1 awrt 83.0

(c) Mean = 150  0.4 = 60 B1 60 and 36 seen, allow unsimplified.

Var = 150  0.4  0.6 = 36

68.5 − 60 M1 Substituting their 60 and their 6 into ± standardisation formula (any

P(X > 68) = P ( Z  ) number for 68.5), condone their σ2 and their √σ.
36

M1 Using continuity correction 67.5 or 68.5 in their standardisation

formula.

P (Z  1.417) = 1 − Φ (1.417 ) M1 Appropriate area Φ, from final process, must be a probability.

[= 1 – 0.9217]

0.0783 A1 0.07825 < p ⩽ 0.0783

If A0 scored, SC B1 for 0.07825 < p ⩽ 0.0783.

5
 54 [Mean = 200 0.15 =] 30 1 51
[Var = 200  0.15  0.85 =] 25.5 B1 30 and 25.5, 25 2 , 2 seen, allow
unsimplified.
May be seen in standardisation formula.
102
[σ =] 5.049 ⩽ σ ⩽ 5.05[0], implies
2
correct variance.
Correct notation is required.

40.5 − 30 M1 Substituting their mean and their positive

[P(X > 40) =] P(Z > ) 5.04975 into ± standardisation formula (any
25.5
number for 40.5), not their σ2 or their  .

M1 Using continuity correction 39.5 or 40.5 in

their standardisation formula.

[1 – Φ (2.079)] M1 Appropriate area Φ, from final process, must

1 – 0.9812 be a probability.

= 0.0188 A1 0.01875 < p ⩽ 0.0188

5
55(a)(i) 170 − 166 M1 Use of ± standardisation formula with 170,
[P(X < 170) =] P(Z < ) 166 and 10 substituted appropriately,
10
condone 102 , 10, condone continuity
correction ± 0.5.

[= P(Z < 0.4 ) =] 0.655 A1 0.655 ⩽ p < 0.6555

If M0 awarded, SC B1 for correct answer
www.

(a)(ii)   h − 166   B1 0.253 ⩽ z ⩽ 0.2535 or −0.2535 ⩽ z ⩽ −0.253

 P  Z  10  = 0.4 seen.
   
h − 166 M1 Use of the ±standardisation formula with h,
= 0.253
10 166, 10 and a z-value (not 1 – z-value), not
102 , 10 , no continuity correction.

h =168.53 A1 If M0 scored, SC B1 for 168.53 ⩽ h ⩽

168.535, 168.5.

SC B1 for 168.54 from z = 0.254.

3
(b)   M1 Use of the ±standardisation formula with 0, μ
  0−     0 −   2
 P ( X  0) = P  Z    = P  Z  2  and  substituted for σ.
      
3
 3  Or use of the ± standardisation formula with
 3  3
 0 − 2   0,  and  substituted for .
 2
Or P  Z  
  
 

= P( Z  −1.5) A1 -1.5 seen, no additional terms (e.g. x – 1.5

A0). Condone Z < 1.5.
If M0 scored, SC B1 Z > −1.5 or Z < 1.5 seen
www.

= 0.933 final answer A1 0.933 ⩽ p < 0.9333.

If M0 scored, SC B1 0.933 ⩽p < 0.9333 seen
www.

56(a) 1.42 − 1.5 1.52 − 1.5 M1 Use of ± standardisation formula once with 1.5, 0.05 and either
[P(1.42 < X <1.52) =] P( Z  )
0.05 0.05 1.42 or 1.52, allow  2 or  , no continuity correction.

[= P( −1.6  Z  0.4) = Φ ( 0.4 ) + Φ (1.6 ) − 1] M1 Calculating the appropriate probability area (leading to their final
answer, expect > 0.5).
= 0.6554 + 0.9452 – 1 or 0.6554 – 0.0548

= 0.601 A1 0.6005 < p ⩽ 0.601

SC B1 for 0.601 with no standardisation seen.

(b)   0.9 − 0.75   B1 0.467  z 0.468 or − 0.468 z  −0.467 seen

 P ( X  0.9) = P  Z    = 0.68
   
M1 ±standardisation formula with 0.9, 0.75, σ equating to a z-value
0.9 − 0.75
= 0.468 (not 0.32, 0.68, 0.532, 0.7517, 0.2483, 0.6255,) .
 Condone continuity correct ±0.05, not  2 ,  .
0.15
Condone  = 0.468 .


25 A1 0.3205 ⩽ σ < 0.3215

 = 0.321 , SC B1 if M0 www.
78

3
57(a)(i) Method 1

6) = P ( X 6) − P ( X 1) =] 1− ( 0.7 ) − (1− 0.7 ) M1 1 – 0.7n seen, n = 5, 6.

6
[P(2 X

= 0.582 A1 www 0.582351 to at least 3SF.

Method 2

P(X= 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) M1 Sum of first 4 or 5 correct terms – no incorrect terms.

= 0.7  0.3 + 0.72  0.3 + 0.73  0.3 + 0.7 4  0.3 + 0.75  0.3
= 0.21 + 0.147 + 0.1029 + 0.07203 + 0.050421

= 0.582 A1 www 0.582351 to at least 3SF.

(a)(ii) 1 B1 10 1
3 Condone 3.33, 3. 3 or – NOT .
3 3 0.3

1
(b) Method 1

[P(3, 4, 5) =] 5C3 ( 0.3) ( 0.7 ) + 5C4 ( 0.3) ( 0.7 ) + 5C5 ( 0.3) ( 0.7 ) M1 One term seen 5Cx ( p ) x (1 − p )5− x , 0  p  1, x  0,5.
3 2 4 1 5 0

= 0.1323 + 0.02835 + 0.00243 A1 Correct expression, accept unsimplified, no terms omitted leading
to final answer.

4077 B1 0.16308 to at least 3SF.

= 0.163,
25000

Method 2

[1 – P(0, 1, 2) = M1 One term 5Cx ( p ) x (1 − p )5− x , 0  p  1, x  0,5.

1 − ( 5C0 ( 0.3) ( 0.7 ) + 5C1 ( 0.3) ( 0.7 ) + 5C2 ( 0.3) ( 0.7 ) )
0 5 1 4 2 3

= 1 – (0.16807 + 0.36015 + 0.3087) A1 Correct expression, accept unsimplified, no terms omitted leading
to final answer.

4077 B1 0.16308 to at least 3SF.

= 0.163,
25000

3
(c) [Mean = 75 0.3 =] 22.5 B1 3
22.5, 22½ and 15.75, 15 seen, allow unsimplified.
[Var = 75 0.3  0.7 =] 15.75 4
3 7
(σ = or 3.9686269… to at least 3SF implies correct variance)
2

 20.5 − 22.5  M1 Substituting their µ and σ into ±standardisation formula (any

[P( X  20) =] P  Z   number for 20.5), not σ2 not √σ.
 15.75 
M1 Using continuity correction 19.5 or 20.5 in their standardisation
formula.

[P( Z  −0.504) = Φ ( 0.504 ) ] M1 Appropriate area Φ, from final process, must be a probability.
Expect final answer > 0.5.
= 0.693
Note: correct final answer implies this M1.

A1 0.6925 < p ⩽ 0.693