THERMODYNAMICS ASSIGNMENT

PURE SUBSTANCE

Q.1. Determine the temperature and quality (if defined) for water at a
pressure of 300 kPa and at each of these specific volumes.

a. 0.5 m3/kg. b. 1.0 m3/kg.

Q.2. Fill out the following table for substance water.

P[kPa] T[0C] v[m3/kg] x

a. 500 20

b. 500 0.2

c. 1400 200

d. 300 0.8

3. For water at 100 kPa with a quality of 10%. Find the volume fraction of
vapor. Ans. 0.9945
4. Water at 1200C with a quality of 25% has its temperature raised 200C in a
constant volume process. What is the new quality and pressure?
Ans: 0.4385, 361.3 kPa
5. Water at 1200C, 200 kPa with a quality of 25% has its temperature raised
200 C in a constant pressure process. What is the new quality and
volume? Ans: Undefined 0.9427 m3/kg.
6. A sealed rigid vessel has volume of 1m3 and contains 2kg of water at
1000 C. The vessel is now heated. If a safety pressure valve is installed at
what pressure should the valve be set to have a maximum temperature
of 2000C? Ans: 431.3 kPa
7. A 1.8 m3 rigid tank contains steam at 2200C. One third of the volume is in
the liquid phase and the rest is in the vapor form. Determine (a) the
pressure of the steam, (b) the quality of the saturated mixture and (c)
the density of the mixture. Ans : (a) 2320 kPa (b) 0.0269 (c) 287.8

8. Water is being heated in a vertical piston-cylinder device. The piston has

a mass of 20 kg and and a cross-sectional area of 100 cm2. If the local
atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa. Determine the temperature at which
the water starts boiling. Ans : 104.70C
9. A rigid tank with a volume of 2.5 m3 contains 15 kg of saturated liquid-
vapour mixture of water at 750C. Now the water is slowly heated.
Determine the temperature at which the liquid in the tank is completely
vaporized. Also show the process on a T-v diagram with respect to
saturation lines. Ans: 1870C.

10. A 0.15 m3 rigid tank contains 2 kg of water at 150 kPa. Determine (a) the
temperature (b) the mass of each phase of water.
11. Saturated liquid water at 600C is put under pressure to decrease the
volume by 1% keeping the temperature constant. To what pressure
should it be compressed? Ans: 23.8 Mpa

12. Saturated water vapor at 200 kPa is in a constant pressure piston

cylinder. At this state the piston is 0.1 m from the cylinder bottom. How
much is this distance if the temperature is changed to (a) 2000C and (b)
1000C. Ans: 0.12 m. (b) 0.00011 m
13. You want a pot of water to boil at 1050C. How heavy a lid should you put
on the 15 cm-diameter pot when Patm = 101 kPa? Ans: 35.7 kg.

14. A water storage tank contains liquid and vapor in equilibrium at 1100C.
The distance from the bottom of the tank to the liquid level is 8 m. What
is the absolute pressure at the bottom of the tank? Ans: 217.88 kPa.
15. Two tanks are connected as shown in Fig. both containing water. Tank A
is at 200 kPa. V = 0.5 m3/kg. VA = 1 m3 and tank B contains 3.5 kg at 0.5
MPa. 4000C. The valve is now opened and the two come to a uniform
state. Find the final specific volume. Ans: 0.5746

16. Saturated water vapor at 600C has its pressure decreased to increase the
volume by 10% keeping the temperature constant. To what pressure
should it be expanded? Ans: 18.9 kPa
17. A piston – cylinder device contains 0.1 m3 of liquid water and 0.9 m3 of
water vapour in equilibrium at 800 kPa. Heat is transferred at constant
pressure unitl the temperature reaches 3500C.

(a) What is the initial temperature of the water? 170.410C

(b) Determine the total mass of the water. 93.45 kg

(c) Calculate the final volume. 33.12 m3

(d) Show the process on a p-v diagram with respect to saturation

lines.
18. A piston-cylinder device contains 0.8 kg of steam at 3000C and 1 MPa.
Steam is cooled at constant pressure until one-half of the mass
condenses.

(a) Show the process on a T-v diagram.

(b) Find the final temperature. 179.880 C

(c) Determine the volume change. –0.1282 m3

19. Superheated water vapor at 1.4 MPa and 2500 C is allowed to cool at
constant volume until the temperature drops to 1200C. At the final state.
Determine (a) the pressure (b) quality: Show the process on a T-v
diagram with respect to saturation lines.

20. A 0.3 –m3 rigid vessel initially contains saturated liquid – vapour mixture
of water at 1500 C. The water is now heated until it reaches the critical
state. Determine the mass of the liquid water and the volume occupied
by the liquid at the initial state. Ans: 95.10 kg, 0.103 m3
21. A piston – cylinder device initially contains steam at 3.5 MPa,
superheated by 50 C, Now, steam loses heat to the surroundings and the
piston moves down hitting a set of stops at which point the cylinder
contains saturated liquid water. The cooling continues until the cylinder
contains water at 2000 C. Determine (a) the initial temperature, (b) the
enthalpy change per unit mass of the steam by the time the piston first
hits the stops and (c) the final pressure and the quality (if mixture).
Ans : 247.60 C, – 1771 kj/kg, 1555 kPa, 0.0006.
22. A pressure cooker (closed tank ) contains water at 1000 C with the liquid
volume being 1/10 of the vapor volume . It is heated until the pressure
reaches 2.0 MPa. Find the final temperature. Has the final state more or
less vapor than the initial state? Ans: 212.40 C.
23. A 4 – L rigid tank contains 2 kg of saturated liquid – vapor mixture of
water at 500 C. The water is now slowly heated until it exists in a single
phase. At the final state, will the water be in the liquid phase or the
vapor phase? What would your answer be if the volume of the tank
were 400 L instead of 4 L? Ans:Liquid , Vapor

Previous Year Questions

1. A sample of steam is at 5 bar, 0.7 quality and occupies a volume of 4 m3 .

Calculate the mass of this sample of steam.
2. Dry and saturated steam at 10 bar is cooled at constant volume until the
pressure becomes 1 bar. What is the quality of steam after
cooling? What is the initial and final temp of the steam.

3. A liquid – vapor mixture of water is initially at a pressure of 10 bars.

When this fluid is heated at a constant volume, the process passes
through the critical point. Determine the quality at the initial
state.
4. 10 kg of water (Liquid + vapor) with a quality of 40% is contained in a
tank at 0.8 mPa.

(i) What is the temp. of this water.

(ii) What is the volume of the tank.

5. A container contains steam at 5 bar, 75% quality. If the volume of the

container is 1.5 m3 , what is the mass of steam in the container and what
is its temperature.
6. Dry and saturated steam at 10 bar is heated at constant pressure until
it’s temp becomes 2500 C . What is the change in specific entropy of
steam.

7. A rigid vessel of volume 0.03 m3 contains a mixture of water & vapor.

Upon heating the mixture passes through the critical state. Find out the
mass of the mixture.
8. Saturated steam at 20 bar is cooled at constant pressure until it’s
dryness fraction becomes 30%. What is the change in temp. ,specific
volume.

9. A vessel having a volume of 0.6 m3 contains 4 kg of liquid water and

vapor mixture in equilibrium at a pressure of 0.8 Mpa. Calculate.

(i) volume and mass of liquid. (ii) volume and mass of vapour.