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Math 1 Geometry

Math 1 Geometry UP Manila

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19 views26 pages

Math 1 Geometry

Math 1 Geometry UP Manila

Uploaded by

luisa.magnae15
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GEOMETRY

- comes from the Greek word


“geo” which means “earth”,
and “metron” which means
“measurement”…

- “EARTH MEASUREMENT”
Euclidean
Geometry
• Postulate – regarded true without proof
but not self-evident 

• Axiom – self-evident and regarded true


without proof

• Theorem – proved to be true


MAGBIGAY KA
NG EXAMPLE!
Basic Concepts

• Primitive terms: point, line, plane


• Collinear points
• Line VS line segment
• Parallel lines
• Intersecting lines
• Skew lines
• Perpendicular bisector of a line
segment
ILLUSTRATION
DUDE!
Parallel lines

Intersecting lines
Coincident lines

Skew lines
What’s wrong
with the
illustrations?
Basic Concepts
• Rays – part of a line with one endpoint
• Angle – two RAYS with a common
endpoint 
– Vertex
– Sides
– Straight Angle
– Acute
– Right Angle
– Obtuse Angle

• Polygon – closed plane figure bounded by


three or more line segments
Just so you know…
11 hendecagon (undecagon)
12 Dodecagon
13 tridecagon (triskaidecagon)
14 tetradecagon (tetrakaidecagon)
15 pentadecagon (pentakaidecagon)
16 hexadecagon (hexakaidecagon)
17 heptadecagon (heptakaidecagon)
18 octadecagon (octakaidecagon)
19 enneadecagon (enneakaidecagon)
20 Icosagon
30 Triacontagon
40 Tetracontagon
50 Pentacontagon
60 Hexacontagon
70 Heptacontagon
80 Octacontagon
90 enneacontagon
100 hectogon
10000 myriagon
What about a regular
polygon with infinite
number sides???

NOTE!!!
• Perimeter of a polygon – sum of the
length of its sides
• Diagonal – line segment joining two
nonadjacent vertices of a polygon
Euclid’s Postulates 

1. Two points determine exactly one line


2. Any straight line segment can be extended
indefinitely in both directions
3. Given any straight line segment, a circle can
be drawn having the segment as radius and
one endpoint as center
4. All right angles are equal
5. Given a point P not on a line I, there exists
one and only one line through P parallel to l
Additional Postulates

6. Three non-collinear points determine


exactly one plane
7. If two points of a line lie on a plane, then
all points of the line lie on the plane
8. If two planes have one point in common,
then they have exactly one line in
common
Axioms

1. Things which are equal to the same thing


are equal
2. If equals are added to equals, the wholes
are equal
3. If equals are subtracted from equals, the
remainders are equal
4. Things which coincide with one another are
equal to one another
5. The whole is greater than the part
Euclid’s Postulates

1. Two points determine exactly one line


2. Any straight line segment can be extended
indefinitely in both directions
3. Given any straight line segment, a circle can
be drawn having the segment as radius and
one endpoint as center
4. All right angles are equal
5. Given a point P not on a line I, there exists
one and only one line through P parallel to l
TRIANGLES

MEDIAN
ALTITUDE
Properties

1. The sum of any two sides of a triangle is


greater than the third
2. The sum of the measures of the interior
angles is 180 degrees
3. Pythagorean Theorem
4. Congruence – the corresponding sides and
angles are congruent
5. Similarity – the corresponding sides are
proportional and the corresponding angles are
congruent
Formula

• Area of a triangle

1 𝟏
𝑨= 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 𝒃𝒉
2 𝟐

• Heron’s Formula

𝑨= 𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐)


Quadrilaterals
Quadrilaterals 
• Parallelogram – a quadrilateral whose
opposite sides are parallel
• Rhombus – a parallelogram whose four
sides are equal 
• Rectangle – a parallelogram whose
interior angles are right
• Trapezoid – a quadrilateral with exactly
one pair of parallel sides
Formulas
• Parallelogram
𝐴 = 𝑏ℎ
𝑃 = 2 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎 + 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑏
• Rectangle 
𝐴 = 𝑙𝑤
𝑃 = 2𝑙 + 2𝑤
• Square 
𝐴 = 𝑠2
𝑃 = 4𝑠
• Trapezoid
1
𝐴 = 𝑏1 + 𝑏2 ℎ
2
Circles
- set of all points on a plane that are
equidistant from a point called the center.

• Radius
• Diameter
• Chord
• Arc
• Tangent 
• Secant
• Central Angle
• Segment
• Sector
Formulas
• Trapezoid 
1
𝐴= 𝑏1 + 𝑏2 ℎ
2

• Circle 
𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2
𝐶 = 𝜋𝑑 = 2𝜋𝑟
Similar Plane
Figures
• Similar if and only if same shape 
• In polygons, angles must be congruent and
corresponding sides are proportional
• Moreover, if two plane figures are similar,
the ratio of their areas is equal to the ratio
of the squares of any of their
corresponding lines

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