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Kubernetes Basic To Advanced

kubernetes

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80 views

Kubernetes Basic To Advanced

kubernetes

Uploaded by

soura455roy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Kubernetes: From Basics to Advanced with Practical Applications

1. Introduction to Kubernetes
Kubernetes is an open-source container orchestration platform that automates the
deployment, management, scaling, and networking of containers. It was originally
developed by Google and is now maintained by the Cloud Native Computing Foundation
(CNCF). Kubernetes has become the de facto standard for managing containerized
applications in production environments.

**Benefits of Using Kubernetes**:


- Scalability: Automatically scale applications up and down based on demand.
- High Availability: Ensure that applications are always available, even in the case of node
failures.
- Resource Efficiency: Efficiently use resources through container orchestration and
dynamic scheduling.
- Portability: Run applications consistently across different environments.

Kubernetes Architecture
Kubernetes follows a master-slave architecture, where the master node controls the cluster
and the worker nodes run the containerized applications. The main components include:

- **Master Node**: Manages the cluster, schedules pods, and ensures that the desired state
of the cluster is maintained.
- **API Server**: Exposes the Kubernetes API.
- **Controller Manager**: Ensures the cluster is in its desired state.
- **Scheduler**: Schedules pods to run on worker nodes based on resource availability.
- **etcd**: A distributed key-value store for storing the cluster’s state.

- **Worker Nodes**: Run the containerized applications.


- **Kubelet**: An agent that runs on each node and ensures containers are running in a
pod.
- **Kube-proxy**: Handles networking and load balancing for services.
- **Container Runtime**: Runs and manages the containers (e.g., Docker).

Core Concepts

- **Pod**: The smallest deployable unit in Kubernetes, which can contain one or more
containers.
- **Node**: A physical or virtual machine that runs pods.
- **Cluster**: A set of nodes controlled by a master node.
- **Namespace**: A way to divide cluster resources among multiple users.

2. Basic Kubernetes Operations


**Installing Kubernetes**:
- **Minikube**: A tool that lets you run Kubernetes on your local machine.
- **Kubeadm**: A tool for easily setting up a Kubernetes cluster on existing infrastructure.
- **Cloud Providers**: Managed Kubernetes services like Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE),
Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (EKS), Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS).

**Kubernetes CLI (kubectl)**:


- **kubectl get**: List resources.
- **kubectl describe**: Show detailed information about a resource.
- **kubectl logs**: Print the logs for a container in a pod.
- **kubectl exec**: Execute a command in a container.

**Deploying Your First Application**:


1. Create a Deployment YAML file.
2. Apply the YAML file using `kubectl apply -f <file.yaml>`.
3. Expose the Deployment as a Service using `kubectl expose`.

Managing Pods, Services, and Deployments

- **Pods**: Use `kubectl get pods` to list, `kubectl delete pod <pod-name>` to delete.
- **Services**: Expose pods using Services, e.g., `kubectl expose deployment <deployment-
name> --type=LoadBalancer --port=80`.
- **Deployments**: Use Deployments to manage stateless applications.

**ConfigMaps and Secrets**:


Store configuration data and sensitive information separately from the application code.
- Create a ConfigMap using `kubectl create configmap`.
- Create a Secret using `kubectl create secret`.

3. Intermediate Kubernetes
**Kubernetes Networking**:
- **Services**: Abstracts networking and load-balancing for pods.
- **Ingress**: Manages external access to services, typically HTTP.
- **Network Policies**: Define rules for pod communication.
**Persistent Storage in Kubernetes**:
- **Persistent Volumes (PVs)**: A storage resource in the cluster.
- **Persistent Volume Claims (PVCs)**: A request for storage by a user.
- **Storage Classes**: Defines how to dynamically provision storage.

Stateful Applications in Kubernetes


Manage stateful applications using StatefulSets, which provide guarantees about the
ordering and uniqueness of pods.
- Use StatefulSets for applications like databases that require stable network identities and
persistent storage.

Helm Charts and Package Management


Helm is a package manager for Kubernetes, allowing you to define, install, and upgrade even
the most complex Kubernetes applications. Helm Charts are collections of Kubernetes
resources.

- Install Helm using `helm init`.


- Install applications using `helm install <chart-name>`.

Scaling Applications

- **Horizontal Pod Autoscaler**: Automatically scale the number of pods based on CPU
utilization or other metrics.
- **Vertical Pod Autoscaler**: Automatically adjust the CPU and memory reservations of
pods.

4. Advanced Kubernetes
**Kubernetes Security Best Practices**:
- **Pod Security Policies**: Control the security settings applied to pods.
- **Network Policies**: Restrict communication between pods.
- **RBAC (Role-Based Access Control)**: Manage access control and define who can do what
within the cluster.

**Kubernetes Operators**:
Operators are application-specific controllers that extend the Kubernetes API to create,
configure, and manage instances of complex stateful applications like databases.

**Monitoring and Logging**:


- **Prometheus and Grafana**: Monitor cluster health and performance.
- **ELK Stack (Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana)**: Centralized logging and visualization.

**CI/CD Pipelines with Kubernetes**:


- **Jenkins**: Use Jenkins to build, test, and deploy applications on Kubernetes.
- **GitLab CI**: Integrate Kubernetes with GitLab CI for continuous deployment.

5. Practical Applications and Use Cases


**Running Microservices on Kubernetes**:
Kubernetes is ideal for running microservices due to its scalability, isolation, and support
for service discovery and load balancing.

- Use Deployments for stateless services and StatefulSets for stateful services.
- Implement Service Meshes like Istio for managing microservices communication.

**Kubernetes for Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment (CI/CD)**:


- Automate the build, test, and deployment processes using Kubernetes.
- Integrate Kubernetes with CI/CD tools like Jenkins, GitLab CI, and Argo CD.

**Kubernetes in Production Environments**:


- Best practices include setting up monitoring, logging, and alerting systems, implementing
security policies, and automating scaling.

Case Study: Real-World Application of Kubernetes

Consider a company that migrated its monolithic application to a microservices architecture


using Kubernetes. They used Helm to manage deployments, Prometheus and Grafana for
monitoring, and implemented CI/CD pipelines using Jenkins. This allowed them to achieve
faster release cycles, better resource utilization, and improved fault tolerance.

6. Conclusion
Kubernetes is a powerful and flexible platform for managing containerized applications. By
mastering both the basics and advanced features of Kubernetes, you can deploy, scale, and
manage applications more efficiently and securely. As Kubernetes continues to evolve,
staying updated with the latest features and best practices will help you maximize its
potential in your production environments.

**Additional Resources for Learning**:


- Kubernetes Documentation: https://kubernetes.io/docs/
- Kubernetes the Hard Way by Kelsey Hightower
- Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) Exam Preparation

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