COMPETENCY BASED QUESTIONS

thrown and lands on the target. What is the

Objective Qs 1 mark probability that it will lend in the difference
1. To win a price in a game, you need to first region between the two rectangles?
choose one of the 4 doors 1, 2, 3, 4 and A B
then need to choose one of the three boxes P Q
A, B, C and then need to choose between
two colours red and green. How many of
the possible outcomes of this game include
selecting Box A and red colour? S R
(a) 4 (b) 8 D C
(c) 12 (d) 24

2. A single letter is selected from the word 1 2

(a) (b)
'PROBABILITY'. The probability that it is a 2 5
vowel is: 2 1
2 3 (c) (d)
(a) (b) 3 3
11 11
In the question number 6 to 8, a statement
4
(c) (d) 0 of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of
11 Reason (R). Choose the correct option as:
3. A bowl contains 3 red and 2 blue marbles. (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true
Roohi wants to pick a red marble. and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
Which of the following changes could she assertion (A).
make so that the probability of picking a red (b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true
marble is greater than it was before? but reason (R) is not the correct explanation
(I) Adding a red marble of assertion (A).
(II) Removing a blue marble
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(III) Adding 1 red and 1 blue marble
(a) Only (I) (b) Only (I) and (II) (d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
(c) Only (I) and (III) (d) All of the above 6. Assertion (A): The number x is chosen from
4. A box has 10 equal size cards. Of the the numbers 1, 2, 3 and a
10 cards, 4 are blue, 3 are green, 2 are number y is selected from
yellow and 1 is red. If a card is randomly the numbers 1, 4, 9. The
drawn from the box, which is the colour that probability that the product
the card is most likely to have? of x and y being 10 is 1.
(a) Red (b) Blue Reason (R): Probability of impossible
(c) Green (d) Yellow event is zero.
5. A rectangular dart board shown below. The 7. Assertion (A): The probability of winning
length of a side of the larger rectangle is 2 a game is 0.345, than the
times the length of a side of the smaller probability of losing it, is
rectangle and beadth of larger rectangle is 0.655.
1.5 times the smaller rectangle. If a dart is Reason (R): P(E) + P (not E) = 1
High diffiiculty Qs, d altd from tuul-kr k ft tftkit rr-Qs.

262 One Shot Mathematics (Standard) Class X

 8. Assertion (A): The probability of getting
a vowel on choosing from
the letters of the English Football
20% Cricket
5
alphabet is . 25%
26
Basketball
Reason (R): There are 21 vowels in the Tennis
15%
English alphabet. 10%

Badminton Swimming
Case Based Qs 4 & 5 marks 12% 18%

9. On a weekend, Rani was playing cards with

her family. The deck has 52 cards. Her brother Based on the given information, answer the
drew one card. following questions.
(A) Find the probability of favourite sport
being either swimming or badminton.
(B) Find the probability of favourite sport
being neither football nor cricket.
(C) Find the probability of favourite sport
being basketball, tennis or cricket.

Based on the given information, answer the Very Short & Short Qs 1 - 3 marks
following questions.
(A) What is the probability of getting a king 12. A box contain 100 red cards, 200 yellow
of red colour? cards and 50 blue cards. If a card is drawn
at random from the box, find the probability
(B) What is the probability of getting a face
card? that it will be:
(C) What is the probability of getting a (A) a blue card
jack of hearts if all Queens are removed (B) not a yellow card
from the deck? (C) neither yellow nor a blue card

10. A game of chance consists of spinning an 13. A die is thrown twice. Find the probability
arrow which comes to rest pointing at one of that;
the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 (see figure) and (A) 5 will come up at least once.
these are equally likely outcomes. (B) 5 will not come up either time.
14. Find the probability of getting 53 Fridays in
8 1 a leap year.
7 2 15. Amrish wakes up in the morning and notices
that his digital clock reads 07: 25 am. After
noon, he looks at the clock again.
6 3

07 : 25
5 4

Based on the given information, answer the

following questions.
(A) What is the probability that spinning A B
arrow will point at 8? What is the probability that:
(B) What is the probability that spinning (A) the number in column A is 4?
arrow will point at an odd number? (B) the number in column B is 8?
(C) What is the probability that spinning
arrow will point at a number greater
16. A square dartboard has sections numbered
from 1 to 12 as shown below. Players have
than 2?
to make a prediction and throw a dart. They
11. A school offers several sports to its students win if their dart lands on the section that
such as cricket, football, basketball, tennis, matches their prediction.
badminton and swimming. Based on past Arya says, “My dart will land on a composite
records, the sports teacher prepared a pie number.”
chart as shown below showing preference of Bashir says “My dart will land on an even
students towards a particular sport. number.”

Probability 263
 Cathy says, “My dart will land on a factor of thrown and lands on the target. What is the
12.” probability that the dart will land on the
2 3 shaded region?

1 4
9 10
O 2
C1 P
12 11 4
8 5 C2 6 Q

7 6
R
Calculate the probability of each of their
predictions occurring and determine who 18. From a deck of 52 playing cards, king, queen
has the highest chances of winning. Show and jack of a club are removed and a card
your work. is drawn from the remaining cards. Find the
probability that the card drawn is:
Long Qs 4 & 5 marks (A) a heart
17. A target consists of three concentric circles (B) a queen
of radii 2, 4 and 6 cm respectively. A dart is (C) a club

NCERT, EXEMPLAR & DIKSHA QUESTIONS

23. Ram Sewak is a wholesale dealer in eggs.
Objective Qs 1 mark He procures eggs directly from the poultry
farms and sells them to the nearby stores.
19. A dice is thrown twice. The probability of
getting 4, 5 or 6 in the first throw and 1, 2, 3
or 4 in the second throw is:
1 2
(a) (b)
3 3
1 1
(c) (d)
2 4
20. The probability expressed as a percentage of
a particular occurrence can never be:
(a) less than 100
(b) less than 0
(c) greater than 1 The probability of getting a bad egg in a lot
(d) anything but a whole number of 400 is 0.035. The number of bad eggs in
the lot is:
21. A girl calculates that the probability of her (a) 7 (b) 14
winning the first prize in a lottery is 0.08. If
(c) 21 (d) 58 [Modified]
6000 tickets are sold, how many tickets has
she bought? 24. If P(A) denotes the probability of an event A
(a) 40 (b) 240 then:
(c) 480 (d) 750 (a) P(A) < 0 (b) P(A) > 0
(c) 0 £ P(A) £ 1 (d) –1 £ P(A) £ 0
22. A school has five houses A, B, C, D and
E. A class has 23 students, 4 from house
A, 8 from house B, 5 from house C, 2 from Very Short & Short Qs 1 - 3 marks
house D and the rest from house E. A single
student is selected at random to be the class 25. A letter is chosen from the letters of the
monitor. The probability that the selected word MAINTENANCE. What is the probability
student is not from houses A, B and C is: that it is N?

(a) 4 (b) 6 26. Two unbiased coins are tossed simultaneously.

23 23 A
If the probability of getting no head is ,
(c) 8 (d) 17 B
23 23 then find (A + B)2.

264 One Shot Mathematics (Standard) Class X

 27. A die is thrown once. Find the probability of that card is not replaced. If the selected card
getting: has a perfect square greater than 500, the
(A) a prime number. player wins a prize. What is the probability
(B) a number lying between 2 and 6. that:
(C) an odd number. (A) the first player wins a prize?
(B) the second player wins a prize, if the first
28. In a family with three children, there may be has won?
no girl, one girl, two girls or three girls. So, 34. A game consists of tossing a one rupee coin
1 3 times and noting its outcomes each time.
the probability of each is . Is this correct?
4 Hanif wins, if all the three tosses give the
Justify your answer. same result i.e., 3 heads or 3 tails and looses
otherwise. Calculate the probability that
29. A game consists of spinning an arrow Hanif will loose the game.
which comes to rest pointing at one of the
three regions (1, 2 or 3) (see figure). Are the
35. Five cards-the ten, jack, queen, king and ace
of diamonds are well shuffled with their face
outcomes 1, 2 and 3 equally likely to occur?
downwards. One card is drawn at random.
Give reasons.
(A) What is the probability that the card is
the queen?
1 2 (B) If the queen is drawn and put aside,
what is the probability that the second
card picked up is:
3 (i) an ace? (ii) a queen?

Long Qs 4 & 5 marks

30. I toss three coins together. The possible
outcomes are no heads, 1 head, 2 heads 36. A carton of 24 bulbs contain 6 defective
and 3 heads. So, I say that the probability bulbs. One bulb is drawn at random. What
is the probability that the bulb is not
of no heads is 1 . What is wrong with this
defective? If the bulb selected is defective
4
and it is not replaced and a second bulb is
conclusion?
selected at random from the rest, what
31. In a family of 3 children, find the probability is the probability that the second bulb is
of having at least two boys. defective?
37. In a game, the entry fee is ` 5. The game
32. Apoorv throws two dice at once and consists of tossing a coin 3 times. If one or
computes the product of the numbers two heads show, Sweta gets her entry fee
appearing on the dice. Peehu throws one die back. If she throws 3 heads, she receives
and squares the number that appears on double the entry fees. Otherwise, she will
it. Who has a better chance of getting the lose. For tossing a coin three times, find the
number 36? Why? probability that she:
33. At a fete, cards bearing numbers 1 to 1000, (A) loses the entry fee.
(one number on one card), are put in a box. (B) gets double entry fee.
Each player selects one card at random and (C) just gets her entry fee.

PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

39. Two dice are thrown together. The
Objective Qs 1 mark probability of getting the difference of
numbers on their upper faces equals to 3 is:
38. In an MCQ test, a student guesses the 1 2
correct answer x out of y times. If the (a) (b)
probability that the student guesses the 9 9
2 1 1
answer to be wrong is then what is the (c) (d) [CBSE 2023]
3 6 12
relation between x and y
40. A bag contains 3 red balls, 5 white balls
(a) y = 3x (b) x = 3y and 7 balck balls. The probability that a
(c) 3x = 2y (d) 2x = 3y ball drawn from the bag at random will be
[CBSE Practice Set-2 2023] neither red nor black is:

Probability 265
 1 1
(a) 3 (b) 5 Very Short & Short Qs 1 - 3 marks
7
(c) 15 (d) 15
8
[CBSE 2024] 47. A letter of the English alphabet is chosen
at random. What is the probability that the
41. The probablity of getting a bad egg in a lot chosen letter is a consonant? [CBSE 2020]
of 400 eggs is 0.045. The number of good 48. If a fair coin is tossed twice, find the
eggs in the lot is: probability of getting ‘atmost one head’.
(a) 18 (b) 180 [CBSE 2023]
(c) 382 (d) 220 [CBSE 2024]
49. Two dice are thrown simultaneously. What is
42. A card is drawn at random from a well- the probability that the product of the num-
shuffled pack of 52 cards. The probability bers appearing on the top is 1? [CBSE 2020]
that the card drawn is not an ace is:
50. We all know that dice are small, throwable
(a)
1
(b)
9 objects with marked sides that can rest
13 13 in multiple positions and are used for
generating random numbers, commonly
4 12 as part of tabletop games, including dice
(c) (d) [CBSE 2023]
13 13 games, board games, role-playing games,
and games of chance. A traditional die is a
43. Two dice are thrown together. The probablity cube with each of its six faces marked with
that they show different numbers is: a different number of dots (pips) from one
(a) 6
1 5
(b) 6 to six. But do you know that dice may also
have polyhedral or irregular shapes and
1 2 may have faces marked with numerals or
(c) 3 (d) 3 [CBSE 2024]
symbols instead of pips?
In the question number 44 to 46, a statement
of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of
Reason (R). Choose the correct option as:
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true
and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A).
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true
but reason (R) is not the correct explanation
of assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false. Two such dice are thrown simultaneously.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true. What is the probability that the sum of the
two numbers appearing on the top is 13?
44. Assertion (A): The probability that a leap [Mod. CBSE 2020]
2
year has 53 Sundays is . 51. Naima is playing a game and has two
7 identical 6-sided dice. The faces of the dice
Reason (R): The probability that a non–
have 3 even numbers and 3 odd numbers.
leap year has 53 Sundays is
She has to roll the two dice simultaneously
5. [CBSE 2023] and has two options to choose from before
7 rolling the dice. She wins a prize if:
45. Assertion (A): The probability of getting Option 1: the sum of the two numbers
a bad egg in a lot of 400 is appearing on the top of the two dice is odd.
0.035. The number of good Option 2: the product of the two numbers
eggs in the lot is 386. appearing on top of the two dice is odd.
Reason(R): If the probability of an event Which option should Naima choose so that
is p, the probability of its her chances of winning a prize is higher?
complementary event will be Show your work.
1 – p. [CBSE Practice Set-1 2023]
[CBSE Practice Set-2 2023] 52. A number is selected at random from natural
46. Assertion (A): In a cricket match, a batsman numbers 1 to 20. Find the probability that
hits a boundary 9 times out the selected number is a prime number.
of 45 balls he plays. The [CBSE 2017]
probalitiliy that in a given ball,
he does not hit the boundary 53. A number is chosen at random from the
4 numbers –3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3. What will be
is 5 . the probability that square of this number is
Reason (R): P(E) + P(not E) = 1. [CBSE 2024] less than or equal to 1? [CBSE 2017]

266 One Shot Mathematics (Standard) Class X

54. A letter of the English alphabets is chosen at (B) Suppose she is allowed to pick a marble
random. Find the probability that the chosen from the bag, what is the probability of
letter is a letter of the word ‘TRIGONOMETRY’. getting a prize, when it is given that the
[CBSE 2016] bag contains 20 marbles out of which 6
are black? [CBSE 2020]
55. A Group Housing Society has 600 members, 59. A lot consists of 144 ball pens of which 20
who have their houses in the campus and are defective. The customers will buy a ball
decided to hold a Tree Plantation Drive on pen if it is good, but will not buy a defective
the occasion of New Year. Each household ball pen. The shopkeeper draws one pen
was given the choice of planting a saplings at random from the lot and gives it to a
of its choice. The number of different types customer. What is the probability that
of saplings planted were: (A) customer will buy the ball pen?
(1) Neem – 125 (B) customer will not buy the ball pen?
(2) Peepal – 165 [CBSE 2017]
(3) Creepers – 50 60. One card is drawn from a well shuffled deck
of 52 cards. Find the probability of getting
(4) Fruit plants – 150
(A) a face card or a black card
(5) Flowering plants – 110
(B) neither an ace nor a king
On the opening ceremony, one of the plants
(C) a jack and a black card
is selected randomly for a prize. After [CBSE Practice Set-2 2023]
reading the above passage, answer the
61. In the figure, a disc is shown on which a player
following questions.
a
What is the probability that the selected spins an arrow twice. The function is
b
plant is:
formed, where ‘a’ is the number of sector on
(A) a fruit plant or a flowering plant? which arrow stops on the first spin and ‘b’ is
(B) either a Neem plant or a Peepal plant? the number of the sector in which the arrow
[CBSE 2020] stops on the second spin. On each spin, each
sector has equal chance of selection by the
56. If a number x is chosen at random from the arrow. Find the probability that the fraction
numbers –3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3. What is the
a
probability that x2 < 4? [CBSE 2020] > 1.
b
57. Find the probability that a leap year selected
at random will contain 53 Sundays and 53
Mondays. [CBSE 2020] 2
58. A game in a booth at a Diwali fair involves 3 1
using a spinner first. Then, if the spinner
stops on an even number, the player is
4 6
allowed to pick a marble from a bag. The
spinner and the marbles in the bag are 5
represented in the figure.
[CBSE 2016]
Prizes are given when a black marble is
picked. Shweta plays the game once. 62. From a pack of 52 playing cards, Jacks and
Kings of red colour and Queens and Aces
1 4 of black colour are removed. The remaining
cards are mixed and a card is drawn at
2 10 random. Find the probability that the drawn
6 8 card is:
(A) a black queen.
(B) a card of red colour.
(A) What is the probability that she will be (C) a Jack of black colour.
allowed to pick a marble from the bag? (D) a face card. [CBSE 2017]

PUSH YOURSELF
(High difficulty Qs for Self Assessment)
1. In a jar of candies, there are 200 candies, of She will eat it if it is blue, but will not eat if
which 25 are red and the rest are blue. Emily it is red. What is the probability that she will
will randomly select one candy from the jar. eat the candy?

Probability 267
 7 4 Reason (R): Elementary events are
(a) (b) exhaustive and mutually
8 8
exclusive outcomes of an
(c)
3
(d)
1
1 experiment. 1
8 8

2. One letter from the word "HIPPOPOTAMUS" Case Based Question

is chosen at random. The probability of
getting a consonant will be: 7. A game of chance consists of spinning an
5 7 arrow which comes to rest pointing at one of
(a) (b) the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 (see the given
12 12
fig), and these are equally likely outcomes.
11
(c) (d) 1 1 7
12 6
8
5
3. Suppose we throw two dice. What is the Spin
1
probability that the sum is 5 and also find
4
the probability that the sum is at least 10? 3 2
1 1 1 1
(a) , (b) , On the basis of above information answer
9 8 3 6
the following question.
1 1 1 1 What is the probability that it will point at?
(c) , (d) , 1 (A) 6
9 6 6 3
(B) An odd number
4. A lot of 16 bulbs contain 4 defective ones. (C) A number greater than 3
One bulb is drawn at random from the lot. (D) A number not smaller than 3 1+1+1+1
What is the probability that this bulb is
defective?
1 1 Short Answer Type Questions
(a) (b)
4 24
8. A book with 340 pages was published by a
1 3 publishing house, including 17 blank pages
(c) (d) 1 allocated for important notes. How likely is
8 4
it that the student will open a blank page if
he opens the book at random also find the
In the question number 5 and 6, a statement of
probability that he does not open the blank
Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason
(R). Choose the correct option. page? 2
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true 9. In a shipment of 200 smartphones, 180
and reason (R) is the correct explanation of are fully functional, 12 have minor defects,
assertion (A). and 8 have major defects. Rama, a retailer,
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are will only accept smartphones that are fully
true and reason (R) is not the correct functional, while Shyam, another retailer,
explanation of assertion (A). will only reject smartphones that have
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false. major defects. One smartphone is randomly
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true. selected from the shipment. What is the
probability that: (A) it is acceptable to Alice?
5. Assertion (A): An event having only one
(B) it is acceptable to Bob? 3
outcome of the experiment
trial is called an elementary 10. A shot put player is practing on a ground.
event. He throw a shot put from a circle of radius
Reason (R): Elementary events are the 2 m. His attempt is valid only if he throw the
most basic outcomes of an shot put in the given shaded region. Find the
experiment and cannot be probability that his attempt is valid. 3
further broken down into B
A
simpler outcomes. They
represent single outcomes 49 60°
and are fundamental units in m
probability theory. 1 O
2m

6. Assertion (A): The sum of the probabilities

of all the elementary events
of an experiment is 1.

268 One Shot Mathematics (Standard) Class X

 11. In a group of 4 friends, the probability that followed by one head. Otherwise, they lose
at least 2 friends have the same birthday the game.
is 0.983. What is the probability that all 4 Then,
friends have different birthdays? 3 (A) Determine the total number of possible
outcomes when tossing the coin n times.
Long Answer Type Question (B) Identify the losing outcomes if the player
tosses the coin 3 times.
12. In a game, a player tosses a fair one-rupee (C) Calculate the probability of losing the
coin multiple times. The player wins if, at game based on the number of losing
least once, they obtain a sequence of exactly outcomes in general form and also when
two heads followed by one tail or two tails n = 3. 5

Probability 269