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Data Mining Classification Prediction

Data mining

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Mahesh Mutnale
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35 views3 pages

Data Mining Classification Prediction

Data mining

Uploaded by

Mahesh Mutnale
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Mining - Classification & Prediction

Introduction
There are two forms of data analysis that can be used for extract models describing important classes or predict
future data trends. These two forms are as follows:

 Classification

 Prediction

These data analysis help us to provide a better understanding of large data. Classification predicts categorical and
prediction models predicts continuous valued functions. For example, we can build a classification model to
categorize bank loan applications as either safe or risky, or a prediction model to predict the expenditures in dollars of
potential customers on computer equipment given their income and occupation.

What is classification?
Following are the examples of cases where the data analysis task is Classification :

 A bank loan officer wants to analyse the data in order to know which customer (loan applicant) are risky or which are
safe.

 A marketing manager at a company needs to analyse to guess a customer with a given profile will buy a new
computer.

In both of the above examples a model or classifier is constructed to predict categorical labels. These labels are risky
or safe for loan application data and yes or no for marketing data.

What is prediction?
Following are the examples of cases where the data analysis task is Prediction :

Suppose the marketing manager needs to predict how much a given customer will spend during a sale at his
company. In this example we are bother to predict a numeric value. Therefore the data analysis task is example of
numeric prediction. In this case a model or predictor will be constructed that predicts a continuous-valued-function or
ordered value.

Note: Regression analysis is a statistical methodology that is most often used for numeric prediction.

How Does Classification Works?


I will try to make you understand How does classification work? with the help of bank loan application that we have
discussed above. The Data Classification process includes the two steps:

 Building the Classifier or Model

 Using Classifier for Classification

BUILDING THE CLASSIFIER OR MODEL


 This step is the learning step or the learning phase.
 In this step the classification algorithms build the classifier.

 The classifier is built from the training set made up of database tuples and their associated class labels.

 Each tuple that constitutes the training set is referred to as a category or class. These tuples can also be referred to
as sample, object or data points.

USING CLASSIFIER FOR CLASSIFICATION


In this step the classifier is used for classification.Here the test data is used to estimate the accuracy of classification
rules. The classification rules can be applied to the new data tuples if the accuracy is considered acceptable.
Classification and Prediction Issues
The major issue is preparing the data for Classification and Prediction. preparing the data involves the following
activities:

 Data Cleaning - Data cleaning involves removing the noise and treatment of missing values. The noise is removed
by applying smoothing techniques and the problem of missing values is solved by replacing a missing value with
most commonly occurring value for that attribute.
 Relevance Analysis - Database may also have the irrelevant attributes. Correlation analysis is used to know
whether any two given attributes are related.
 Data Transformation and reduction - The data can be transformed by any of the following methods.
o Normalization - The data is transformed using normalization. Normalization involves scaling all values for given
attribute in order to make them fall within a small specified range. Normalization is used when in the learning step, the
neural networks or the methods involving measurements are used.
o Generalization -The data can also be transformed by generalizing it to the higher concept. For this purpose we can
use the concept hierarchies.
Note: Data can also be reduced by some other methods such as wavelet transformation, binning, histogram analysis,
and clustering.

Comparison of Classification and Prediction Methods


Here is the criteria for comparing methods of Classification and Prediction:

 Accuracy - Accuracy of classifier refers to ability of classifier predict the class label correctly and the accuracy of
predictor refers to how well a given predictor can guess the value of predicted attribute for a new data.
 Speed - This refers to the computational cost in generating and using the classifier or predictor.
 Robustness - It refers to the ability of classifier or predictor to make correct predictions from given noisy data.
 Scalability - Scalability refers to ability to construct the classifier or predictor efficiently given large amount of data.
 Interpretability - This refers to the to what extent the classifier or predictor understand.

Source:

http://www.tutorialspoint.com/data_mining/dm_classification_prediction.htm

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