MÃ ĐỀ 4:

Choose the best answer for the following questions.

1. The produced vocal sounds are resonated or modified in the _____.
a. pharynx
b. resonance chamber
c. mouth
d. nose
2. The vocal tract is the air passage beginning with the lungs and ending in _____.
a. the mouth
b. the pharynx
c. the nose
d. a and c
3. Articulators are the _____ of the vocal tract involving in articulation.
a. the mouth
b. unmovable organs
c. movable organs
d. a and b
4. During normal breathing, the glottis is open as far as possible and the vocal bands
are not under tension. This is the position for _____.
a. voiced sounds
b. voiceless glottal fricative
c. glottal stop
d. voiceless sounds
5. The vocal bands are firmly pressed together so that the airstream cannot pass
between them, this is the position for______
a. voiced sounds
b. voiceless glottal fricative
c. glottal stop
d. voiceless sounds
6. A consonant is a______
a. segmental
b. super-segmental
c. over-segmental
d. b and c
7. The maximum number of consonants in ONSET of an English syllable is______
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
8. An allophone of a phoneme is another pronunciation of that phoneme which does
not cause a difference in______
a. meaning
b. position
c. separation
d. all of the above
9. After passing the larynx, the airstream goes through the______
a. mouth
b. nose
c. vocal tracts
d. vocal folds
10. Sounds produced with severe restriction to the airflow are______
a. approximants
b. Nasals
c. fricatives
d. affricates
11. ______ begin like a stop but end like a fricative.
a. Nasals
b. Plosives
c. Approximants
d. Affricates
12. In an English syllable, the consonants following the NUCLEUS are called______
a. CODA
b. ONSET
c. PEAK
d. NUCLEUS
13. A minimal pair is______
a. a pair of words of the same pronunciation
b. two allophones of the same phoneme
c. a pair of words which differ from each other by only one phoneme at the same position
d. a pair of words that has the same meaning
14. English vowels and consonants are different from each other in______
a. voiceless
b. distribution
c. manner of articulation
d. b and c
15. Diphthongs______
a. are the combinations of two long vowels
b. consist of a glide from one vowel to another
c. are two long vowels appearing within a syllable
d. are short vowels
 1. The sounds in which the air flow is completely stopped in the oral cavity and then
released sharply with a small stop are______
a. fricatives
b. plosives or stops
c. affricates
d. glottal stop
2. Which of the following criterion is NOT a criterion to classify English short
vowels?
a. tongue height
b. voicing
c. tongue part
d. length of sound
3. _____ at final position often shorten the preceding vowel or diphthongs.
a. Voiceless plosives
b. Voiced fricatives
c. Voiced nasals
d. Voiceless affricates
4. The organs of the vocal tract are located in______
a. the head
b. the chest
c. the throat
d. all of the above
5. Which of the followings is NOT TRUE?
a. Plosives are produced with the total or partial obstruction of the air stream.
b. Nasals are continuant sounds.
c. Hissing sound is a characteristic of fricatives.
d. The fortis fricatives and plosives in final position often shorten the vowel preceding
them.
 6. Which of the following words contains a short vowel?
a. bear
b. smooth
c. mere
d. touch
7. The sound /l/ when following a vowel or diphthong is called_____
a. clear [l]
b. dark [ɫ]
c. devoiced [l]
d. syllabic [l]
8. The English _____ end in /l/.
a. triphthongs
b. centring diphthongs
c. closing diphthongs
d. syllables
9. /i/ in _____ is the longest.
a. meal
b. meat
c. bead
d. sea
10. The sound beginning with an open back vowel then gliding towards a high back
vowel is_____
a. iə
b. ɛi
c. əʊ
d. ɑʊ
11. [tʰ] and [t0] are called the _____ of the phoneme /t/.
a. transcriptions
b. allophones
c. homophones
d. minimal pairs
12. The sound beginning with a mid-central vowel, then gliding towards a high back
vowel is_____
a. ɪə
b. ɛi
c. əʊ
d. ɑʊ
13. Which of the following diphthongs is pronounced differently from the others?
a. here
b. fear
c. beer
d. bear
14. The consonants /m/ and /n/ are different from each other in
a. place of articulation
b. voicing
c. manner of articulation
d. nasal
15. In English, voiceless plosives _____ are _____ when occurring at the beginning of
a word or a stressed syllable.
a. /p-t-k/ /aspirated
b. /p-t-k/ nasalized
c. /p-t-k/ voiced
d. /p-t-k/ velarized
16. /b -d-g/ are called_____
a. fortis
b. voiceless
c. devoiced
d. lenis
17. At final position, _____ always _____ the preceding vowel or diphthong.
a. /m-n-ŋ/ aspirate
b. /m-n-ŋ/ nasalize
c. /m-n-ŋ/ dentalize
d. /m-n-ŋ/ velarize
18. The shortest English syllable consists of_____
a. CV
b. C
c. V
d. VC
19. The initial sound in "chef" is described as_____
a. voiced, alveolar, fricative
b. voiceless, post alveolar, fricative
c. voiced, alveolar, affricate
d. voiceless, post alveolar, affricate
20. Which of the following words begins with a voiceless, post alveolar, fricative
sound?
a. phenomena
b. soldier
c. enough
d. shoes
21. _____ are pronounced with the contact made between lower lip and upper teeth.
a. Bilabials
b. Alveolars
c. Labio-dentals
d. Dentals
22. To let the air escape through the nose, the _____ must be lowered.
a. tongue
b. jaw
c. velum
d. hard palate
23. The sounds that never occur in final position are_____
a. /m n l ŋ/
b. /w j h r/
c. /r w h k/
d. /h w j p/
24. Which of the vowels in the following words is pronounced differently from the
others?
a. touch
b. pour
c. double
d. country
25. The sound /l/ when following a fortis plosive is called_____
a. clear
b. dark
c. devoiced
d. syllabic
26. The peak of an English stressed syllable should always be a vowel or a_____
a. diphthong
b. semi-vowel
c. syllabic consonant
d. pure vowel
27. The longest syllable structure in English is ________.
a. CCCVCCC
b. CCCCVCCCC
c. CCCVCCCC
d. CCCCVCCC
28. The final consonant of the word "eighths" is ________.
a. /f/
b. /t/
c. /θ/
d. /s/
29. /ʃ/ in ________ is the longest.
a. shore
b. thought
c. fork
d. storm
30. /i/ and /ɪ/ are different in ________.
a. quality.
b. tongue height.
c. length.
d. all of the above.
31. The vowel in "taught" is ________.
a. /ɔ/
b. /ɒ/
c. /ʌ/
d. /ʊ/
 32. /n/ never occurs after a ________.
a. long vowel
b. diphthong
c. schwa
d. all of the above
33. Which of the following words does not contain a central vowel?
a. ago.
b. worm.
c. but.
d. hat.
34. The final sound of ______ and that of _______ are identical.
a. "choose"/"loose".
b. "laugh"/"taught".
c. "eye"/"ov".
d. a and b.
35. The initial sound of "spring" is a(n) ________.
a. fricative
b. affricate
c. approximant
d. plosive
 MÃ ĐỀ 6:
1. Which of the following sounds are all continuants?
a. /n-θ-ʃ-t/
b. /p-k-g-t/
c. /m-v-ŋ-l/
d. /p-n-g-v/
2. The English ______ end in /ə/.
a. centring diphthongs
b. syllables
c. closing diphthongs
d. triphthongs
3. The main difference between /t/ and /k/ is ______.
a. place of articulation
b. voicing
c. manner of articulation
d. tongue height
4. The final sound of ______ and that of ______ are identical.
a. 'laugh' / 'taught'
b. 'fine' / 'vine'
c. 'choose' / 'loose'
d. 'eve' / 'of'
5. The vocal tract is the air passage beginning with the lungs and ending in ______.
a. the pharynx
b. the larynx
c. the head
d. the mouth and the nose
6. Which of the following words does not form a minimal pair with the word "night"?
a. light
b. fine
c. kite
d. height
7. In English, voiceless plosives ______ are _____ the preceding vowel or diphthong.
a. /p-t-k//released
b. /p-t-k//shortened
c. /p-t-k//devoiced
d. /p-t-k//aspirated
8. ______ makes the most important difference between /p-t-k/ and /b-d-g/.
a. Aspiration
b. Place of articulation
c. Releasing
d. Manner of articulation
9. The sound /l/ occurring before a vowel or diphthong is called______
a. syllabic [l]
b. devoiced [l]
c. clear [l]
d. dark [ɫ]
10. The organs of articulation are located in______
a. the head
b. the chest
c. along the vocal tract
d. the throat
11. English vowels and consonants are different from each other in______
a. distribution
b. voiceless
c. manner of articulation
d. a & c
12. The initial sound in ______ is voiced, bilabial, approximant.
a. man
b. wet
c. red
d. bin
13. The position of the glottis for the first sound in the word "knight" is______
a. partially open
b. tightly closed
c. wide apart
d. narrow
14. ______ begin like a plosive but end like a fricative.
a. Nasals
b. Approximants
c. Fricatives
d. Affricates
15. /ŋ/ never occurs after a______
a. schwa
b. diphthong
c. long vowel
d. all of them
16. The sound beginning with a high front vowel and then gliding towards a mid-central
vowel is______
a. ɛi
b. ɪə
c. ʊə
d. ʊə
17. Vocal folds are 2 elastic bands of tissue located in the______
a. pharynx
b. larynx
c. nose
d. mouth
18. Which of the following vowels is pronounced differently from the others?
a. safe
b. map
c. and
d. satisfy
19. At final position, ______always ______ the preceding vowel or diphthong.
a. /m/, /n/, /ŋ/ /devoiced
b. /m/, /n/, /ŋ/ /shortened
c. /m/, /n/, /ŋ/ /nasalized
d. /m/, /n/, /ŋ/ /lengthened
20. The sound beginning with a low open back vowel and then gliding towards a high
back vowel is ______.
a. ɔi
b. aʊ
c. ɪə
d. ɛə
21. Which of the following words has the ending (-ed) pronounced differently?
a. cried
b. arrived
c. sentenced
d. wandered
22. The other pronunciation of a phoneme that does not cause a change in meaning is
called ______.
a. diphthong
b. allophone
c. vowel
d. consonant
23. The vocal sounds are produced in the ______.
a. pharynx
b. lungs
c. trachea
d. larynx
24. The vowel in 'taught' is ______.
a. /ʊ/
b. /ʌ/
c. /ɒ/
d. /ɔ/
25. ______ are sounds pronounced by stopping the airstream completely and then forcing
it to escape through a narrow passage with a friction noise.
a. Nasals
b. Laterals
c. Fricatives
d. Plosives
26. The sounds in which the airstream is totally obstructed in the oral cavity and then
released with a small plosion are ______.
a. plosives
b. nasals
c. affricates
d. fricatives
27. Dark [ɫ] only occurs after ______.
a. consonants
b. diphthongs
c. syllabics
d. vowels
28. The consonant is a ______ phoneme.
a. segmental
b. allophone
c. supra-segmental
d. over-segmental
29. ______ at final position often shorten the preceding vowel or diphthong.
a. Voiced affricates
b. Voiced nasals
c. Voiceless fortis
d. Voiced fricatives
30. The sounds that never occur in final position are______
a. /w-h-j-r/
b. /w-d-j-t/
c. /w-m- ŋ-r/
d. /w-h- ŋ-n/
31. Which of the following words having the consonants is pronounced differently from
the others?
a. champagne
b. champion
c. chewing gum
d. butcher
32. The produced vocal sounds are resonated and modified in the______
a. pharynx
b. resonators
c. nose
d. the mouth
33. [p] and [pʰ] are called the ______ of the phoneme /p/.
a. minimal pairs
b. allophones
c. transcriptions
d. homophones
34. Which of the followings is a phoneme?
a. t
b. [t]
c. {t}
d. /t/
35. 'Bean' and 'Dean' are a minimal pair because______
a. They differ in only one sound segment that occurs in the same place in the string.
b. They differ in one sound that occurs in different place.
c. They are both singular nouns.
d. They contain the same vowel sound.
36. /i/ and /ɪ/ are different in ______.
a. length
b. tongue height
c. lip shape
d. tongue position
37. A minimal pair is______
a. a pair of words of the same pronunciation.
b. a pair of words which differ from each other by only one phoneme at the same
position.
c. a pair of words of the same phoneme.
d. a pair of words that has the same meaning.
38. The position of the glottis for the final sound in the word "laugh" is______
a. narrow
b. tightly closed
c. wide apart
d. partially open
39. /b-d-g/ are called ______.
a. lenis
b. devoiced
c. voiceless
d. fortis
40. A sound produced while the vocal folds are vibrating is called ______.
a. consonants
b. vowel
c. voiceless sound
d. voiced sound
41. Which of the following words contain a short vowel?
a. bear
b. there
c. touch
d. bird
42. The longest syllable structure in English may be______
a. CCCVCCC
b. CCCCVCCC
c. CCVCCCC
d. CCCVCCCC
43. To prevent the airstream from escaping through the nose, the soft palate must
be______
a. closed
b. lowered
c. raised
d. open
44. Which of the following sounds is the final sound in "climb"?
a. /b/
b. /m/
c. /mb/
d. all of them
45. To let the airstream escape through the nose, the ______ must be lowered.
a. tongue
b. velum
c. jaw
d. hard palate
46. ______ are pronounced with the contact between two lips.
a. Labio-dentals
b. Bilabials
c. Alveolars
d. Dentals
47. The initial sound of the word "COLD" is a(n) ______.
a. alveolar
b. palatal
c. dental
d. velar
48. In English, voiceless plosives ______are ______ when occurring at the beginning of
a word or a stressed syllable.
a. /p-t-k/ aspirated
b. /p-t-k/ unreleased
c. /b-d-g/ devoiced
d. /b-d-g/ velarized
49. Which of the followings is TRUE?
a. All vowels are the peaks of syllables.
b. Consonants are produced without obstruction of the airstream.
c. All consonants are voiced.
d. Vowels are produced with a complete closure in the vocal tract.
50. Which of the following vowels is pronounced differently from the others?
a. downtown
b. cowboy
c. below
d. brown
 MÃ ĐỀ 3:
1. The sound /l/ when following a vowel/diphthong is called _________.
a. clear
b. dark
c. devoiced
d. syllabic
2. Which of the following statement is TRUE?
a. Vowels and consonants differ from each other in their distribution.
b. Vowels and consonants differ from each other in the way the airstream is
obstructed when producing the sound.
c. Vowels and consonants differ from each other in relation to how much
they obstruct the airstream and what position they can occupy.
d. Vowels and consonants differ from each other in the contact between the
articulator and the tongue.
3. The movable organs of speech in the vocal track are called ___________.
a. articulation
b. place of articulation
c. articulators
d. manner of articulation
4. The PEAK (NUCLEUS) of an English syllable should always be a vowel, a
diphthong, or a(n) __________.
a. semi-vowel
b. approximant
c. consonant
d. syllabic consonant
5. For the voiceless sounds to be produced, the glottis is _______.
a. wide apart
b. partly closed
c. mid-opened
d. narrow
6. Vowels followed by fortis consonants are _________.
a. devoiced
b. voiced
c. shortened
d. lengthened
7. The sound beginning with an open back vowel then gliding towards a high
back vowel is _______.
a. iə
b. ɛi
c. əʊ
d. ɑʊ
8. To let the airstream escape through the nose, the _______ must be lowered.
a. velum
b. tongue
c. hard palate
d. tongue tip
9. Diphthongs _______.
a. are the combinations of two single vowels
b. are two single vowels appearing within a syllable
c. are two, three or four single vowels combined together
d. consist of a movement or glide from one vowel to another in which the former is much
longer and stronger than the other
10. Sounds produced with a total obstruction of the airstream are _______.
a. nasals
b. plosives
c. fricatives
d. approximants
11. The produced vocal sounds are resonated and modified in the _______.
a. resonators
b. nose
c. pharynx
d. mouth
12. The sounds that never occur in final position are _______.
a. /m - n - ŋ - h/
b. /r - w - ŋ - i/
c. /h - j - w - r/
d. /p - j - h - w/
13. _______ are pronounced with the contact between the tongue tip and the
alveolar ridge.
a. Plosives
b. Affricates
c. Nasals
d. Fricatives
14. Vocal folds are located in the _______.
a. pharynx
b. trachea
c. larynx
d. mouth
15. Vibrations happen when _______.
a. the glottis is narrow
b. the vocal bans are wide apart
c. vocal folds are under tension and partially opened
d. vocal bands are tightly closed
16. _______ consonants have the effect of shortening a preceding vowel or
diphthong.
a. Fortis
b. Lenis
c. Voiceless
d. Voiced
17. The broad transcription is written between _______.
a. / /
b. { }
c. [ ]
d. ( )
18. Phonemically, the fricative /h/ is similar to a(n) _______.
a. vowel
b. diphthong
c. consonant
d. sibilant
19. The _______ can be moved to different places and different shapes.
a. lips
b. teeth
c. larynx
d. tongue
20. The sound beginning with a mid-central vowel, then gliding towards a high
back vowel is _______.
a. iə
b. əʊ
c. ɔi
d. ɑi
21. The sounds articulated with a strong, hissing sound are called _______.
a. slit fricatives
b. lateral fricatives
c. affricates
d. none of the above
22. /ŋ/ never occurs after a _______.
a. long vowel
b. diphthong
c. nasalized
d. syllabic
23. The sound /l/ when following a fortis plosive is _______.
a. shortened
b. devoiced
c. nasalized
d. syllabic
24. A syllabic in English is identified by _______.
a. vowel
b. diphthong
c. consonant
d. vowel or diphthong
25. The vowel in the world “would” can be transcribed as _______.
a. /ə/
b. /ʊ/
c. /əʊ/
d. /ɒ/
 26.Which of the following statements is TRUE?
a. Consonants are produced without obstruction of the airstream.
b. All vowels are the centers of syllables.
c. All consonants are voiced.
d. Vowels are produced with a complete closure in the vocal tract.
27. When the glottis is wide apart, we can _________.
a. breathe normally and produce some consonants
b. produce vowels
c. produce all consonants
d. produce vowels and diphthongs
28. Vowels followed by nasal consonants are _________.
a. nasalized
b. shortened
c. devoiced
d. lengthened
29. /ɔ:/ in _______ is the longest.
a. thought
b. fork
c. port
d. store
30. Which of the followings is NOT included in the criteria to classify English
vowels?
a. place of articulation
b. tongue height
c. lip shape
d. muscle tension
31. Consonants are classified according to their place of articulation, manner of
articulation and _________.
a. vibrations of vocal bands
b. position of occurrence
c. position of tongue
d. lip shape
32. Lips can be pressed together, brought into contact with the teeth or rounded
to produce the lip shape for _________.
a. consonants
b. bilabial plosives
c. vowels and some consonants
d. vowels
33. The final sound in 'ache' is a(n) _________.
a. voiced velar plosive
b. voiceless velar plosive
c. voiceless palato-alveolar plosive
d. voiced palate-alveolar plosive
34. Lenis consonants are produced with _________ force than the fortis ones.
a. more
b. same
c. most
d. less
35. The initial sound of 'cold' is a(n) _________.
a. alveolar
b. velar
c. dental
d. palatal
 36. _________ are pronounced with the tongue tip between lower and upper
teeth.
a. Labio-dentals
b. Bilabials
c. Dentals
d. Alveolars
37. In manner of articulation, the important factor to help distinguish
consonants and vowels is _________.
a. voicing
b. obstruction to airstream
c. lip shape
d. tongue height
38. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
a. Nasals are continuant sounds.
b. Hissing sound is a characteristic of fricatives.
c. The fortis fricatives and plosives in final position often shorten the
vowel preceding them.
d. Plosives are produced with the total or partial obstruction of the
airstream.
39. Phonetically, the fricative /h/ is similar to _______.
a. vowel
b. consonant
c. diphthong
d. triphthong
40. _______ is NOT the type of consonant classified according to the place of
articulation.
a. Palatal
b. Velar
c. Plosive
d. Dental
41. The initial sound of 'jam' is a(n) _______.
a. affricate
b. approximant
c. fricative
d. plosive
42. In speech, the _______ is raised so that the airstream cannot escape through
the nose.
a. palate
b. tongue
c. lower lip
d. velum
43. The shortest English syllable consists of _______.
a. V
b. CV
c. C
d. VC
44. Vowels occurring before final /m - n - ŋ/ are _______.
a. devoiced
b. lengthened
c. nasalized
d. shortened
45. The _______ consonant is made with the airstream escaping along the sides
of the tongue.
a. dental
b. lateral
c. affricate
d. approximant
46. The initial sound in _______ is a voiced, bilabial, approximant.
a. bin
b. red
c. man
d. wet
47. A minimal pair is _______.
a. a pair of words of the same pronunciation.
b. a pair of words which differ from each other by only one phoneme at the
same position.
c. two allophones of the same phoneme.
d. a & c.
48. In an English syllable, the consonants following the NUCLEUS are called
_______.
a. ONSET
b. PEAK
c. CODA
d. NUCLEUS
49. ONSET consonants in an English syllable are _______.
a. consonants preceding the PEAK
b. consonants following the CENTER
c. sound(s) in the CENTER of a syllable
d. vowels or diphthongs
50. A consonant is a _______ phoneme.
a. super-segmental
b. segmental
c. over-segmental
d. sound