Name:………………………………………………………

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CHEMISTRY
Paper 1
2 hours
AUGUST HOLIDAY ASSIGNMENT
YEAR 2024

LESHAU BOYS HIGH SCHOOL

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
CHEMISTRY ASSIGNMENT

1 The electron affinities for three elements A,B and C are shown in the table below:

Element A B C
Electron affinity (kJ/mole) -324 -349 -295

(a) What is meant by electron affinity? (1 mark)

(b) Which element is the strongest oxidizing agent? Give a reason. (2 marks)

2 (a) Name two cations responsible for hard water (2 marks)

(b) Name two chemicals that are used to remove hardness of water. (2 mark)

3 The electron arrangement of a calcium atom is 2,8,8,2.

Draw a concentric circle diagram for its ion given that calcium atom contains 20 protons and
20 neutrons in its nucleus. (2 marks)

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4. The diagram below shows a common charcoal burner .Assume the burning take place in a
room with sufficient supply of air.

(a) With the help of a chemical equation explain what happens around Layer A (1mark)
(b)State and explain what would happen if the burner is put in an enclosed room. (2marks)
5 Ethanol (CH3 CH2 OH ) and dimethyl ether (CH 3 OCH 3 ) are two compounds with the same
molecular mass. Explain why ethanol has a much higher boiling point (78.2 ℃ ) than dimethyl
ether (-24℃ ). ( 3marks)

6. Write an equation for the change that occurs when isotope J which has 84 protons and its
mass number is 210 loses 3 electrons. (1mark)

7 Classify the following as either compounds or mixtures. ( 3marks)

Process Type of substance

(a) air
(b) salt solution
(c) sugar

8 Using dots (.) and crosses (X), show bonding in the compound formed when an ammonium
ion combines with a hydroxide ion. (2marks)
9 (a) What is meant by molar heat of formation? (1mark)

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 (b) Calculate the molar enthalpy of formation of ethyne (C 2H2) given the following:
(2marks)

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C2 H2 (g) + O2 (g) 2CO2 (g) + H2 O (l) ∆ H = -1300 kJ/ mole
2

C(s) + O 2 (g) CO 2 (g) ∆ H = -394 kJ/ mole

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H2 (g) + O2 (g) H2 O (l) ∆ H = -286 kJ/ mol
2

10 Use the chart below to answer the questions that follow.

Aqueous
iron(III) chloride

Hydrogen
Step I Sulphide

Filter + Solid Q

Step 2
Solid
Solution P R

Sodium hydroxide
solution

(a) What observation would be made in step I? (1mark)

(b) Name another substance that could be used in step 2. (1mark)

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 (c) Give the name of solid Q. (1mark)

11 Starting with 100 cm3 of 0.5 M calcium hydroxide, describe how a pure sample

of calcium chloride can be prepared. (3marks

12 Study the information in the table below and answer the questions that follow:

Salt Solubility(g/100gwater)

at 50℃ at 80 ° C
G 43 58
Y 82 138

A mixture containing 40g salt G and 120g salt Y in 100g of water at 80 ° C was cooled to at 50
℃.

(a) Which salt crystallized out? Give a reason (2marks).

(b) Calculate the mass of the salt that crystallized out. (1mark)

13Using Magnesium sulphate solution ,describe how you can differentiate between a
solution of sodium carbonate from a solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate.
(3marks)
14 The structure below represents a polymer. Study and answer the questions that follow:-

H H

( C – C )n

H H

(a) Name the polymer above (1mark)

…………………………………………………

(b) Determine the value of n if giant molecule had relative molecular mass
of 4956 ( C= 16, H=1.0) (2marks)

15 State two uses of sodium metal (2marks)

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16 When the oxide of metal Z is heated in the presence of metal X, it is reduced. The oxide of
metal X is reduced by metal Y. Arrange the three metals in order of increasing reactivity.

(2 marks)

17 A given mass of gas F diffuses through a porous membrane in 10 seconds. Under the same
conditions , an equal volume of oxygen diffuses through the same membrane in 12.5 seconds.
Determine the molecular mass of gas F.

( O=16.0 ) (3marks)

18.Excess sulphur (IV) oxide is bubbled through a solution of sodium hydroxide containing
phenolphthalein indicator.

(i) State what is observed (1mark)

(ii) Write and equation for the reaction between sulphur (IV) oxide and sodium hydroxide
solution. (1mark)

(iii) Other than manufacture of sulphuric (VI) acid, state one other use of

sulphur (IV) oxide. (1mark)

19. Drops of bromine liquid were placed at the bottom of a gas jar, an empty gas jar was
inverted over the gas jar containing bromine liquid as shown in the diagram below. After 30
minutes, the orange colour filled the gas jars. Explain this observation. (3marks)

Air

Gas jar

Drops of bromine liquid

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20 The molecular formula mass of gas A is 28 and its empirical formula is CH 2 .

(a) Determine the molecular formula of gas A (C=12.0, H=1.0) (2marks)

(b) Write the equation of the reaction between A and chlorine (1mark)

21 A label on a bottle containing ammonia solution has the following

information:

 Density = 0.880 g/ cm3

 Percentage purity = 35 %
 Relative formula mass = 17

Calculate the concentration of ammonia solution in moles per litre. (3marks)

22 State one use of each of the following apparatus in the laboratory: (3marks)

(i) Dessicator
………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(ii)
Crucible……………………………………………………………………………………………
………..

(iii) Deflagrating
spoon…………………………………………………………………………………….

23 Describe how a pure sample of zinc metal can be obtained from zinc

carbonate. (3marks)

24 (a) State the conditions necessary for rusting to occur. (1mark)

(b) State two reasons why tin coating is used in food cans. (2marks)

25 (a) Helium, Neon and Argon belong to group 8 of the periodic table. Explain

why these elements have very low boiling points. (2marks)

(b) Other than in weather balloons, state one other use of helium. (1mark)

26 Describe how a pure sample copper turnings can be obtained from a mixture

of copper turnings and zinc carbonate. (3marks)

27 If 25cm3 of 0.1M sodium hydroxide neutralized 50cm3 of a monobasic acid HX

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 Containing 1.8g of acid, calculate the relative formula mass of the acid.

(3marks)

28 A student investigated a property of acids H and E by reacting equal volume of

acid M and N of the same concentration with equal volumes of 2M potassium

hydroxide .The results were recorded in the table below.

Acid Rise in temperature(ΔT)K

H 7
E 2

Which of the acids is likely to be a weak acid? Explain. (2marks)

29 In an experiment to investigate the conductivity of substances, a student used the set – up

shown below.

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(a) The Student noted that the bulb did not light .What had been omitted in the
set- up?

…………………………………………………………………………. (1mark)

(b) On the diagram label the cathode (1mark)

(c) Write the equation of the reaction that occurs at the cathode (1mark)

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