ASSIGNMENT 1 MEMO MPHB022 2019

1. The displacement of the simple harmonic oscillator is given by:

(1)

so the velocity is given by:

(2)

From (1) and (2), we can eliminate t and get:

(3)

which is an ellipse equation of points (x, x ).

The energy of the simple harmonic oscillator is given by:

(4)

Write (3) in form and substitute into (4), then we have:

Noting that the frequency w is given by:

we have:

Which is a constant value.

2.
3. Suppose the displacement of mass M is x, the displacement of mass m is y , and the
tension of the spring is T . Equations of motion give:

Eliminating T , we have:

so for x = 0 at all times, we have

that is

Equation (2) and (3) now give:

With

so M is stationary at

4. Writing the equation of an undamped simple harmonic oscillator driven by a force of

frequency ω in the vector form, and use Fo e iwt t to represent its imaginary part Fo
sinωt , we have

(1)
Consider the steady state solution

and the velocity is given by:

so that:

and equation (1) becomes:

which is true for all t when

i.e.
 i.e.

The value of x is the imaginary part of vector x , given by:

Where

the amplitude of x is given by:

5. The instantaneous power dissipated is equal to the product of frictional force and the
instantaneous velocity, i.e.:

The period for a given frequency ω is given by:

Therefore, the energy dissipated per cycle is given by:

 (1)
The displacement is given by:

so we have:

(2)
By substitution of (2) into (1), we have:

6. The displacement amplitude of a driven mechanical oscillator is given by:

i.e (1)

The displacement resonance frequency is given by:

(2)

By substitution of (2) into (1), we have:

which proves the exact amplitude at the displacement resonance of a driven
mechanical oscillator may be written as:

where

TOTAL [40]
ASSIGNMENT 2 MEMO MPHB022

1.

The time taken by the ray to transverse the distance OS is

(x + y 2 )2
1
2
t=
c
And the time taken to transverse SI is

(X − x) 
1
+ y2
2 2
t' =
c
The total time taken to transverse OSI is

(x
+ y 2 )2 ( X − x ) + y 2 2  
1 1
2 2
T =t +t '
= +
c c
For values of 𝑥 that minimizes T, we have

( )    = 0
1 1
dT d  x 2 + y 2 2 ( X − x ) + y 2
2 2
=  +
dx dx  c c 
 
x X −x
− =0
c (X − x) + y  
1 1
2 2 2
c( x + y )
2 2 2

x
But Sin i =
(x )
1
2
+ y2 2

X −x
And Sin r =
( X − x) 
1
+ y2
2 2

Sin i − Sin r = 0
 Sin i = Sin r
 i =  r

2. The time taken for OS to transverse is

1
t = (x 2 + y 2 ) 2 / v

The time taken to for SI to transverse is

  
1
t ' = (X − x) + y 2
2 2 / v'

So the total time taken to travel the path OSI is

(x 
+ y 2 )2 ( X − x ) + y 2 
1 1
2 2 2
T =t +t = '
+
v v'

Varying the position of S along the 𝑥 axis which lies on the plane boundary between n1
and n2, seeking that the value of 𝑥 which minimized T. so


( 
)  
1 1
dT d  x 2 + y 2 2 ( X − x ) + y 2 2 
2
= + =0
dx dx  v v' 
 
1 x 1 ( X − x)
 − ' =0
( )
1 1
v 2 v
x +y [( X − x ) + y ]
2 2 2 2 2

x
Where = Sin i
(x )
1
2
+y 2 2

( X − x)
And = Sin r
( X − x) 
1
+y
2 2 2

1 1
Sin i − ' Sin r = 0
v v
Then
1 1
 Sin i = ' Sin r
v v
1 𝑛 1 𝑛′
If 𝑣 = 𝑐 , and 𝑣 ′ = 𝑐
then nSin i = n ' Sin r

3.

The time taken by the wavefront to travel through AB is the same as through path A ' B ' ,
so we have
n0 d (n0 − r 2 )d z
= +
c c c
Which yields
r 2
z=
d
1 r2
 =
2d 2z
r2
Where f =
2z
Then
1
f =
2d

4.

The time taken by the wavefront to travel through path AB is the same as through path
A ' B ' so we have
nd r2 1 n  r2 r2  1 r2 
+  =  d + −  +  z + 
c 2 R2 c c  2 R2 2 R1  c  2 R1 
Which yields
 1 1  r2
z = (n − 1) − 
 R1 R2  2
1 2z
P= = 2
f r
But
 1 
 P = (n − 1) −
1

 R1 R2 

𝑛𝑑
5. At the central axis the wavefront takes a time 𝑡 = to transverse the thickness 𝑑.
𝑐

At the distance r from the axis the lens is thinner by an amount

 r2
2R

nd
So that in a time t = , points on the wavefront at a distance 𝑟 from the axis travel a
c
distance

r2
d−
2R

In the lens plus a distance

r2
+ z in air.
2R

Equating the times taken by the two points of the wavefront we have

nd n  r2  1 r2 

= d −  
+ z+ 
c c 2 R  c  2 R 

Solving for 𝑧 yields

z=
(n − 1)r 2
2R

Therefore the emerging spherical wavefront converges to a focus at a distance

R
f =
(n − 1)

The power of the plano convex lens is

1
P=
f
1
 P = (n − 1)
R

TOTAL [40]