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The global problem of plastic pollution is one of the most pressing environmental issues of
our time. Plastics, due to their durability and versatility, have become ubiquitous in modern
life, but their widespread use has led to severe environmental consequences. Every year,
millions of tons of plastic waste end up in our oceans, rivers, and landfills, causing significant
harm to wildlife and ecosystems (Iroegbu et al., 2021) . Marine animals often mistake plastic
debris for food, leading to ingestion and entanglement, which can be fatal. Additionally,
plastics break down into microplastics, which are nearly impossible to remove from the
environment and can enter the food chain, posing risks to human health.
The production and disposal of plastics also contribute to climate change. The manufacturing
of plastics relies heavily on fossil fuels, releasing large amounts of greenhouse gases into the
atmosphere. Furthermore, the incineration of plastic waste generates toxic emissions that can
harm both the environment and human health (Li et al., 2020). Despite the growing
awareness of these issues, plastic production continues to rise, driven by consumer demand
and the convenience of single-use products. This trend underscores the urgent need for
comprehensive strategies to reduce plastic consumption and improve waste management
practices globally.
Addressing the plastic pollution crisis requires a multifaceted approach involving
governments, businesses, and individuals. Policies such as bans on single-use plastics,
incentives for recycling, and the development of biodegradable alternatives are essential
steps. Businesses can play a crucial role by adopting sustainable practices and reducing
plastic packaging. Consumers, too, have a part to play by making conscious choices to reduce
plastic use and support eco-friendly products. Education and awareness campaigns can help
shift public attitudes and behaviors toward more sustainable practices.
For instance, Surigao City’s waste management issues are multifaceted and deeply rooted in
both infrastructural and behavioral challenges. The city generates around 21 tons of waste
each day, a significant amount for its size. This waste includes household garbage,
commercial refuse, and industrial by-products. Unfortunately, the city’s waste management
infrastructure struggles to keep up with this volume. Many residents and businesses do not
adhere to proper waste disposal practices, leading to widespread littering and illegal dumping.
This improper disposal not only clogs drainage systems, causing flooding during heavy rains,
but also contaminates local water bodies, affecting both marine life and the health of residents
who rely on these water sources. That is even though Surigao City Government Order
Regulation No. 407, issued in 2018, exists. It is an ordinance aimed at regulating the use of
plastic cellophane, plastic bags, and polystyrene products within the city. This legislation was
introduced to address the growing environmental concerns associated with plastic waste. By
limiting the sale and provision of these materials, the ordinance seeks to reduce pollution and
promote more sustainable practices among businesses and consumers. The regulation
encourages the use of alternative, eco-friendly packaging options, thereby contributing to the
city’s overall environmental conservation efforts.
According to (Cooper, 2023), the widespread use of plastic has resulted in a myriad of
environmental problems. One of the most pressing issues is plastic pollution. Plastic waste
often ends up in landfills, where it can leach harmful chemicals into the soil and groundwater.
What’s more, plastic debris can be carried by wind and water into oceans and waterways,
where it poses a threat to marine life. Furthermore, the disposal of plastic waste can lead to
air pollution and water contamination. Incineration of plastic releases harmful pollutants into
the atmosphere, while improper disposal of plastic waste can result in leachate contamination
of water bodies. These environmental problems have far-reaching consequences for human
health and ecosystems.
However, the researchers observed widespread non-compliance among micro businesses in
Barangay San Juan. This non-compliance could be attributed to factors like lack of
awareness, limited resources, complexity of the ordinance, enforcement challenges, or
cultural influences. Non-compliance with the ordinance can lead to negative consequences,
including health risks, environmental damage, economic losses, and a damaged reputation for
the community.
The researcher’s purpose was to investigate the perceptions of microbusiness owners and
consumers in Barangay San Juan regarding City Ordinance No. 407. By understanding their
awareness, opinions, and experiences, the researchers would identify the challenges and
opportunities associated with implementing the ordinance.Key research questions include the
level of awareness of the ordinance, reasons for non-compliance, perceived practicality, and
expectations about benefits and drawbacks.

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The global problem of plastic pollution is one of the most pressing environmental issues of

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