THERMODYNAMICS

Test-1
MCQs [6]

[1] Which of the following is true about an isobaric process?

(a) Volume is constant (b) Pressure is constant (c) Temperature is constant (d) No transfer of heat

[2] Which of the following phenomena is reversible?

(a) Water fall (b) Charging of a battery (c) Rusting of iron (d) Production of heat by rubbing of hands

[3]When steam is converted into water, internal energy of the system

(a) Increases (b) Decreases (c) Remains constant (d) Becomes zero

[4] Which of the following variables is a thermodynamic state variable

(a) Work (b) Heat (c) Internal energy (d) None of these

[5] The specific heat at constant pressure is more than that at constant volume due to the fact that:
(a) Molecular oscillations are more violent at constant pressure.
(b) Additional work needs to be done for allowing expansion of gas at constant pressure.
(c) There is more intermolecular attraction at constant pressure.
(d) There is some reason other than those given above.

[6] If a system goes from initial to final state without changing internal energy, then the heat supplied
to system is
(a) Fully utilised for doing work
(b) Partially utilised for doing work by the system
(c) Partially utilised for doing work on the system
(d) Not used for doing work

ASSERTION AND REASON [5]

Directions:
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
(c) If the assertion is true but the reason is false.
(d) If the assertion and reason both are false.

1. Assertion : First law of thermodynamics does not forbid flow of heat from lower temperature to
higher temperature.
Reason : Heat supplied to a system always equal to the increase in its internal energy.
2. Assertion: The isothermal curves intersect each other at a certain point.
Reason: The isothermal changes takes place rapidly, so the isothermal curves have very little slope.
3.Assertion : In an adiabatic process, change in internal energy of a gas is equal to work done on/by
the gas in the process.
Reason : This is because temp.of gas remains constant in an adiabatic process.
4.Assertion : The efficiency of a heat engine can never be unity.
Reason : Efficiency of heat engine is fundamental limitation given by first law of thermodynamics.
5. Assertion: The zeroth law said that , when two systems A and B, are in thermal equilibrium, there
must be a physical quantitiy that has the same value for both.
Reason : The physical quantity which is same for both system is temperature.

CASE BASED QUESTIONS [10]

1
A. Kelvin-Planck statement: No process is possible whose sole result is the absorption of heat from
a reservoir and the complete conversion of the heat into work.
Clausius statement: No process is possible whose sole result is the transfer of heat from a colder
object to a hotter object. It can be proved that the two statements above are completely equivalent.

A thermodynamic process is reversible if the process can be turned back such that both the system
and the surroundings return to their original states, with no other change anywhere else in the
universe. a reversible process is an idealized motion. A process is reversible only if it is quasi-static
(system in equilibrium with the surroundings at every stage) and there are no dissipative effects. For
example, a quasi-static isothermal expansion of an ideal gas in a cylinder fitted with a frictionless
movable piston is a reversible process.
The free expansion of a gas is irreversible. The combustion reaction of a mixture of petrol and air
ignited by a spark cannot be reversed. Cooking gas leaking from a gas cylinder in the kitchen diffuses
to the entire room. The diffusion process will not spontaneously reverse and bring the gas back to the
cylinder. The stirring of a liquid in thermal contact with a reservoir will convert the work done into heat,
increasing the internal energy of the reservoir. The process cannot be reversed exactly; otherwise it
would amount to conversion of heat entirely into work, violating the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
Irreversibility is a rule rather an exception in nature.
Questions
1) The diffusion process is
a) Reversible process b) Irreversible process
2) A quasi-static isothermal expansion of an ideal gas in a cylinder fitted with a frictionless movable
piston is
a) Reversible process b) Irreversible process
3) State Kelvin Planck statement.
4) State Clausius statement.
5) Define reversible processes and irreversible processes of thermodynamics.

B. The first law of thermodynamics is the general law of conservation of energy applied
to any system in which energy transfer from or to the surroundings (through heat and
work) is taken into account. It states that the energy supplied to the system goes in
partly to increase the internal energy of the system and the rest in work on the
environment. Mathematically, ΔQ = ΔU + ΔW where ΔQ is the heat supplied to the
system, ΔW is the work done by the system and ΔU is the change in internal energy of
the system. ΔQ and ΔW depend on the path taken to go from initial to final states, but
the combination ΔU is path independent.Suppose an amount of heat ∆Q supplied to a
substance changes its temperature from T to T + ∆T We define heat capacity of a
substance to be s= (∆Q)/(∆T) is known as the specific heat capacity of the substance .To
define a constant characteristic of the substance and independent of its amount, we
divide s by the mass of the substance m in kg
S= s/m = (∆Q)/m(∆T) a is known as the specific heat capacity of the substance. It
depends on the nature substance anal its temperature. The SI unit of specific heat
capacity is J/kg K.
Questions
1.Which of the following is not a path function ?
(a) ΔQ (b) ΔQ + ΔW (c) ΔW (d) ΔQ – ΔW
2.The first law of thermodynamics is concerned with the conservation of
(a) number of molecules (b) number of moles (c) energy (d) temperature
3.State First Law Of Thermodynamics
4.Define Specific Heat Capacity.
5.Write SI Unit of Specific Heat Capacity.

2
QUESTIONS(2MARKS)

1.Define the isochoric process? What kind of work will be done throughout the procedure?
2.

3. 110 joule of heat is added to a gaseous system whose internal energy is 40 J, then the amount of
external work done is?
4.Differentiate between isothermal and adiabatic process?
5. What is the ratio of slopes of P-V graphs of adiabatic and isothermal process?

QUESTIONS(3MARKS)
1.Calculate the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 2 moles of HE gas from 20°C to
50°C using:- 1) Constant – Volume Process 2) Constant Pressure Process
Here for, He; CV = 1.5 R and CP = 2.49R. Also calculate the internal energy of system.
2. Calculate the work done during the Isothermal Process.
3.Show that an adiabatic curve is always steeper than an isothermal curve.

QUESTIONS(5MARKS)

1.Consider a P-V diagram in which the path followed by one mole of perfect gas in a cylindrical
container is shown in

(a) Find the work done when the gas is taken from state 1 to state 2.
(b) What is the ratio of temperature T1/T2, if V2 = 2V1?
(c) Given the internal energy for one mole of gas at temperature T is (3/2)
RT, find the heat supplied to the gas when it is taken from state 1 to 2, with
V2 = 2V1.

2.One mole of an ideal gas initially kept in a cylinder at pressure 1 MPa and temperature 27°C is
made to expand until its volume is doubled.
(a) How much work is done if the expansion is (i) adiabatic (ii) isobaric (iii) isothermal?
(b) Identify the processes in which change in internal energy is least and is maximum.
(c) Show each process on a PV diagram.
(d) Name the processes in which the heat transfer is maximum.
(Take γ = 5/3 and R=8.3 J mol-1 K-1)