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Meaning and Importance of History Historical Source Data Work

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6 views43 pages

Meaning and Importance of History Historical Source Data Work

might be helpful

Uploaded by

Jusper kenz Balanay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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JOMAR T. EDJAN, Ph.D.

Lecturer/ Head Teacher III


GE 2: Readings in Philippine History
Prayer
Checking of Attendance
Recap
GE 2: Readings in Philippine History
Learning Objectives:
1. Define and discuss Readings in
Philippine History and History.
2. Discuss the importance of history.
3. Define historical data.
4. Identify written and unwritten sources
of data.
5. Differentiate and discuss the kinds of
historical sources.
6. Differentiate and discuss the kinds of
historical criticisms.

GE 2: Readings in Philippine History


Readings in Philippine History
Readings in Philippine History aims to equip
students with critical thinking and reading
skills by applying historical methodologies
in the study of Philippine history.

GE 2: Readings in Philippine History


Course Description: RPH
A course of Philippine History viewed from the lens of selected
primary sources in different periods, analysis and interpretations. The
course aims to expose students to different facets of Philippine history
through the lens of eyewitnesses. Rather than rely on secondary
materials such as textbooks, which is the usual approach in teaching
Philippine history, different types of primary sources will be used —
written (qualitative and quantitative), oral, visual, audio-visual digital —
covering various aspects of Philippine life (political, economic, social,
cultural). Students are expected to analyze the selected readings
contextually and in terms of content (stated and implied). The end goal
is to enable students to understand and appreciate our rich past by
deriving insights from those who were actually present at the time of
the event.

GE 2: Readings in Philippine History


1
2
3
4
5

More students’
wonder why Epi
Quizon’s character
(Apolinario Mabini)
is always sitting in
the film Heneral
Luna.
Carmelite nuns slam Maid in Malacañang
6 movie for ‘malicious’ depiction of them playing
mahjong at height of 1986 revolution
7 Responses…..
Responses…..
7

Cory Aquino Mahjong scene in the movie “Maid in Malacañang


Is history a
boring
subject?
GE 2: Readings in Philippine History
Elements of History
*People
*Place
*Time
*Event/Circumstances

GE 2: Readings in Philippine History


Agree or Disagree?

GE 2: Readings in Philippine History


What is History?
History is the study of the past – specifically
the people, societies, events and problems
of the past – as well as our attempts to
understand them.
-a chronological record of significant
events. (Merriam-Webster)
-derived from the Greek word
“Historia” which means “knowledge
acquired through inquiry or investigation”.

GE 2: Readings in Philippine History


Definition of History based on Filipino
Perspective

GE 2: Readings in Philippine History


Why It’s Important That We Study History
1. History helps us develop a better
understanding of the world.
2. History helps us understand ourselves.
3. History helps us learn to understand other
people.
4. History teaches a working understanding
of change.
5. History gives us the tools we need to be
decent citizens.
6. History makes us better decision makers.
7. History helps us develop a new level of
appreciation for just about everything.
GE 2: Readings in Philippine History
Agree or Disagree?

GE 2: Readings in Philippine History


Father of History

GE 2: Readings in Philippine History


Zeus Atayza Salazar is a
Filipino historian, anthropologist,
and philosopher of history, best
known in pioneering an emic
perspective in Philippine history
called Pantayong Pananaw (for-us-
from-us perspective), earning him the
title “Father of New Philippine
Historiography.”

Historiography deals with the


writing of history.
GE 2: Readings in Philippine History
History is NOT based on
hearsays and gossips!!!
It is EVIDENCE-BASED
through
METHODOLOGY…
GE 2: Readings in Philippine History
“No Document, No History”
Traditional Historians lived with the
mantra of “No Document, No History”.
It means that unless a written
document can prove a certain
historical event, then it cannot be
considered as a historical fact.

GE 2: Readings in Philippine History


HISTORICAL DATA HISTORICAL SOURCE HISTORICAL WORK

Written
1. Narrative/Literary

2. Diplomatic Primary External


Sources Criticisms
3. Social Documents
& &
Secondary Internal
Non-Written Sources Criticisms
1. Material Evidence

2. Oral Evidence
GE 2: Readings in Philippine History
GE 2: Readings in Philippine History
GE 2: Readings in Philippine History
GE 2: Readings in Philippine History
GE 2: Readings in Philippine History
Primary Sources vs. Secondary Sources
•Primary Sources – testimony of
an eyewitness (Louis Gottschalk,
Understanding History)
•Secondary Sources – interpret
and analyze primary sources.
Take note:
• Primary source provides better and more accurate historical
details compared to a secondary source. However, the
authenticity and reliability of primary sources should be
scrutinized before they are used.
• In this day and age, the proliferation of fake news is evident
in both print and digital media platforms.
• 6 (six) points of inquiries to evaluate the authenticity of a
Primary Source by Garraghan (1950):
1. Date – When was it produced?
2. Localization – Where did it originate?
3. Authorship – Who wrote it?
4. Analysis – What pre-existing material served as the basis
for its production?
5. Integrity – What was its original form?
6. Credibility – What is the evidential value of its content?
Take note:
• According to Louis Gottschalk (1969), he
emphasized that it is impossible for
historians to avoid using secondary sources
due to difficulty in accessing primary
sources.
• Most historians depend on secondary
sources to improve their background
knowledge of contemporary documents
and detect any errors they may contain.
Kinds
of
Historical
Sources

GE 2: Readings in Philippine History


Are Primary and Secondary
Sources Perfect?
Look at
these
pictures…
What have
you
observed?

1 2
GE 2: Readings in Philippine History
Kinds
of
Historical
Criticisms

GE 2: Readings in Philippine History


• External criticism is a process
by which historians determine
whether a source is authentic
by checking the validity of the
source.
• External criticism, which is
also known as Lower
Criticism, is a tool used by
historians and exegetes to
determine the validity of a
document, particularly a
document with some sort of
historical significance.
• ORIGINALITY OF THE DATA

• Internal criticism looks at the


reliability of an authenticated
source after it has been
subjected to external criticism.
• This is Internal Criticism, and
is often called Higher Criticism
• ACCURACY OF THE DATA
GE 2: Readings in Philippine History
HISTORICAL DATA HISTORICAL SOURCE HISTORICAL WORK

Written
1. Narrative/Literary

2. Diplomatic Primary External


Sources Criticisms
3. Social Documents
& &
Secondary Internal
Non-Written Sources Criticisms
1. Material Evidence

2. Oral Evidence
GE 2: Readings in Philippine History
GE 2: Readings in Philippine History
GE 2: Readings in Philippine History
GE 2: Readings in Philippine History

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